OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment of "biaoben acupoint combination" on cardiomyocyte mitochondrial fission in the rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and explore its mechanism. METHODS: Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group, an EA pretreatment group, an EA pretreatment + Compound C group and an EA pretreatment+ML385 group, 10 rats in each group. In the EA pretreatment, the EA pretreatment + Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group, EA was delivered at bilateral "Neiguan" (PC6), "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Guanyuan" (CV4) for 20 min, with continuous wave and 2 Hz of frequency, 1 mA of current, once daily for consecutive 7 days. On day 8, in the EA pretreatment + Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group, 30 min before model preparation, the intraperitoneal injection with Compound C (0.3 mg/kg) and ML385 (30 mg/kg) was administered respectively. Except in the sham-operation group, the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed to prepare MIRI rat model in the rest groups. In the sham-operation group, the thread was not ligated. After modeling, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ischemic area was measured by flow cytometry, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was detected using xanthine oxidase method, and malondialdelyde (MDA) was detected using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) chromatometry. The morphology of myocardial tissue in the ischemic area was observed with HE staining, and the mitochondria ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes observed under transmission electron microscopy. Using immunofluorescence analysis, the positive expression of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), mitochondrial fission 1 protein antibody (Fis1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) was detected; and with immunohistochemical method used, the protein expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor E2-associated factor2 (Nrf2) and Drp1 in the ischemic area was detected. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operation group, the content of ROS and MDA in the myocardial tissue of the ischemic area, and the positive expression of MFF, Fis1 and Drp1 increased in the model group (P<0.01); the content of SOD and the protein expression of AMRK and Nrf2 decreased (P<0.01), and the protein expression of Drp1 elevated (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the content of ROS and MDA in the myocardial tissue of the ischemic area, and the positive expression of MFF, Fis1 and Drp1 were dropped in the EA pretreatment group (P<0.01); the content of SOD and the protein expression of AMRK and Nrf2 rose (P<0.01), and the protein expression of Drp1 declined (P<0.01); and in the EA pretreatment+Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group, the positive expression of MFF, Fis1 and Drp1, and the protein expression of Drp1 were all reduced (P<0.01). When compared with the EA pretreatment + Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group, the content of ROS and MDA in the myocardial tissue of the ischemic area, and the positive expression of MFF, Fis1 and Drp1 were dropped in the EA pretreatment group (P<0.01); the content of SOD and the protein expression of AMRK and Nrf2 rose (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the protein expression of Drp1 decreased (P<0.05). In comparison with the model group, the EA pretreatment+Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group, the cardiac muscle fiber rupture, cell swelling and mitochondrial disorders were obviously alleviated in the EA pretreatment group. The morphological changes were similar among the model group, the EA pretreatment+Compound C group and the EA pretreatment+ML385 group. CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture pretreatment of "biaoben acupoint combination" attenuates myocardial injury in MIRI rats, probably through promoting the phosphorylation of AMPK and Nrf2, inhibiting the excessive mitochondrial fission induced by Drp1, and reducing mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial fragmentation and vacuolation.
Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology* ; Rats ; Acupuncture Points ; Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

Objective To analyze the risk factors of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA)for treating thrombotic occlusion of autogenous arteriovenous fistula(AVF).Methods A total of 144 patients with thrombotic occlusion of autologous AVF were retrospectively enrolled and divided into success group(n=114)and failure group(n=30)according to the success of treatment or not.Clinical data and ultrasonic parameters of AVF were compared between groups.A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the risk factors of PTA for treating thrombotic occlusion of autologous AVF,and the results were visualized by nomogram.Then receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the predictive efficacy of this model.Results Patients'age,use years of AVF,degree of vascular calcification,the mean Young modulus(Emean),the maximum Young modulus(Emax)and the minimum Young modulus(Emin)were all higher,while the number of venous outflow tracts of AVF was less in failure group than those in success group(all P＜0.05).Moderate to severe calcification of vascular,high Emean of thrombus and 1 venous outflow tract of in AVF were all independent risk factors of ultrasound-guided PTA for treating thrombotic occlusion of autologous AVF(all P＜0.05),and AUC of the obtained model for predicting failure of treatment was 0.969.Conclusion Moderate to severe calcification of vascular,high Emean of thrombus and 1 venous outflow tract of AVF were all independent risk factors of ultrasound-guided PTA for treating thrombotic occlusion of autologous AVF.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA)for treating thrombotic occlusion of autogenous arteriovenous fistula(AVF).Methods A total of 144 patients with thrombotic occlusion of autologous AVF were retrospectively enrolled and divided into success group(n=114)and failure group(n=30)according to the success of treatment or not.Clinical data and ultrasonic parameters of AVF were compared between groups.A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the risk factors of PTA for treating thrombotic occlusion of autologous AVF,and the results were visualized by nomogram.Then receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the predictive efficacy of this model.Results Patients'age,use years of AVF,degree of vascular calcification,the mean Young modulus(Emean),the maximum Young modulus(Emax)and the minimum Young modulus(Emin)were all higher,while the number of venous outflow tracts of AVF was less in failure group than those in success group(all P＜0.05).Moderate to severe calcification of vascular,high Emean of thrombus and 1 venous outflow tract of in AVF were all independent risk factors of ultrasound-guided PTA for treating thrombotic occlusion of autologous AVF(all P＜0.05),and AUC of the obtained model for predicting failure of treatment was 0.969.Conclusion Moderate to severe calcification of vascular,high Emean of thrombus and 1 venous outflow tract of AVF were all independent risk factors of ultrasound-guided PTA for treating thrombotic occlusion of autologous AVF.

【Objective】 To explore the effect of health education intervention measures on improving parents′ perception of their children′s weight, so as to provide scientific basis for intervention in preschool obese children. 【Methods】 Children from 7 kindergartens in Luohu district were randomly selected in this study in October 2020, and were divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group consisted of 1 318 children and parents from 3 kindergartens, and the control group consisted of 1 546 children and parents from 4 kindergartens. Parents in the intervention group received combination of online and offline health education intervention measures for 2 months, while parents in the control group received no intervention measures. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of parents′ perception of their children′s weight in intervention group and control group. 【Results】 After controlling for imbalanced variables such as parents′ education level, total monthly family income, and parents′ perception of their children′s weight, there was a statistically significant difference in the improvement of parents′ perception of their children′s weight status between two groups after intervention(OR=2.175, 95%CI: 1.536 - 3.080, P<0.05). After intervention, the improvement of parents′ perception of boys′ weight status in intervention group was better than that in control group(OR=2.985, 95%CI: 1.878 - 4.745, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of improvement in perceived weight status among girls′ parents after intervention(P>0.05). Regardless of whether the child′s weight status was normal or not, parents in the intervention group showed better improvement in their perception of their children′s weight status than the control group(OR=1.558, 6.111, 95%CI:1.025 - 2.368, 2.811 - 13.287, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Health education measures can improve the perception bias of parents towards their preschool children′s weight, and the intervention effect varies among children of different genders and weight states.

Objective: To investigate eating behavior and associated family factors of preschool children during the prevalence of Corona Virus Disease(COVID-19), and to provide scientific basis for healthy eating behavior for preschool children. Methods: A total of 1 829 preschool children were investigated by electronic questionnaire from 5 kindergartens in Shenzhen from March 18-20, 2020. SPSS 19.0 was used to perform logistic regression analysis on the factors for eating behavior. Results: The rate of unhealthy eating behavior during the prevalence of COVID-19 was 47.2%. The rate of unhealthy eating behaviors in boys and girls were 46.1% and 48.4%, respectively. And there was no significant difference between different genders(χ 2=1.02，P=0.31). The rate of unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children aged 3-, 4-, 5- and 6- were 56.6%, 56.8%, 42.3% and 29.9%, respectively, and the differences between different ages were significant(χ 2=72.17，P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that fathers high education level, mothers education level(OR=0.78，0.77，0.21), and parents satisfaction with children s eating were associated with low nutritional problems of child, while parental permission to play while eating, criticize while eating, force child to eat more and force child to eat foods they do not like, and parental concerns about children s appetite, were associated with more unhealthy eating behavior(OR=6.29，1.80，2.20，1.70，2.16)(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children during the prevalence of COVID-19 is lower than usual, but the health education of preschool children s families still needs to be strengthened.

Due to its advantages of low wear, high stability and flexibility, the new generation metal-on-metal hip prosthesis is favored by many patients with hip diseases, especially young patients. However, in recent years, several studies have indicated that adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD) caused the formation of inflammatory pseudotumor, which ultimately led to a higher revision rate after metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. This aroused the widespread concern from doctors and patients. Moreover, revision surgery for metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty in the setting of inflammatory pseudotumor is faced with a great risk of failure because of the large defects of bone and surrounding soft tissue and difficulty in removing the original prosthesis and the fixing of the modified prosthesis. Therefore, the use of such products is restricted with caution in their choice. We summarized the recent developments in the research in the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory pseudotumor after metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. The risk factors for the formation of inflammatory pseudotumor around the hip prosthesis mainly include the increase of metal ion concentration, the position of prosthesis implantation and the patient's own factors. The diagnosis mainly depends on physical examination, imaging examination, laboratory examination, arthroscopy and histological examination. The treatment strategies for clinical symptomatic and asymptomatic patients are also varies. Through the detailed analysis, evaluation and summary of the above contents, we may provide guidance for the selection of hip prosthesis, and lay the foundation for further exploration of the mechanism of inflammatory pseudotumor caused by ARMD.

Objective: To investigate the current status of picky eating among children and family-related factors, to provide scientific basis for diet intervention for children. Methods: A total of 1 829 children were selected from 5 kindergartens in Shenzhen and investigated by electronic questionnaire survey from March 18 th-20 th in 2020.The data was analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Results: The reported rate of picky eating behavior among children was 43.8%. Parents-picky eating behavior, children s preference to eating snacks, parental worries on children s appetite, parents attitude toward the food disliked by children were positively correlated to children s picky eating behaviors[OR(95%CI)=3.86(2.74-5.43), 1.44(1.15-1.80), 3.21(2.45-4.22), 2.21(1.65-2.95)]; however, eating various food under the instruction of their parents was negatively correlated to children s behaviors[OR(95%CI)=0.38(0.29-0.49)](P<0.05). Conclusion The reported rate of picky eating behaviors of children on holiday is lower than usual, but parents should to help them develop good dietary habits, prevent picky eating among children.

Objective To investigate the mid-and long-term effects of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA),and to analyze its related factors.Methods A total of 64 patients (81 hips) who underwent metal-on-metal HRA from June 2005 to January 2013 were recruited in the present study.There were 35 males (44 hips) and 29 females (37 hips) with the mean age of 48.26±10.45 years (20-65 years),including 47 unilateral and 17 bilateral HRAs.The cohort consisted of osteoarthritis secondary to the developmental dysplasia of the hip (23 cases,29 hips),necrosis of the femoral head (19 cases,22 hips),osteoarthritis (8 cases,10 hips),rheumatoid arthritis (5 cases,9 hips),ankylosing spondylitis (6 cases,8 hips),pigmented villonodular synovitis (2 cases,2 hips) and Otto's disease (1 case,1 hip).During the follow-up duration,radiographic features,including acetabular inclination angle,stem-femoral shaft angle,component loosening,osteolysis,femoral neck narrowing and heterotopic ossification,were evaluated by hip X-rays in straight and froglike position.The size and type of pseudotumor were assessed by MRI and ultrasonography.Clinical efficacy was evaluated by Harris hip score and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) hip score.Considering revision surgery as the end point,the component survivorship was calculated.Results The mean follow-up was 7.98±2.21 years,ranging from 5.0 to 12.8 years.The mean postoperative Harris hip score (92.01 ±5.69) was higher than the preoperative score (41.93 ±9.09).The mean postoperative UCLA pain,walking,function,activity scores (9.37±0.86,9.14± 1.01,8.77± 1.09,6.47± 1.27,respectively) were improved when compared with the preoperative UCLA scores (3.57± 1.23,5.99± 1.30,5.00± 1.01,3.84± 1.41,respectively).The postoperative flexion,abduction and adduction,medial and lateral rotation of the hip was larger than the preoperative ones.Complications occurred in 10 hips (12.3％,10/81).Seven patients (8 hips) experienced early and intermediate complications,including one intraoperative femoral nerve injury,one deep femoral artery and saphenous nerve injuries during the same surgery,one unexplained pain of hip,one femoral neck fracture,three hips of heterotopic ossification,and one pseudotumour.There were mid-and long-term complications in two hips,including one narrowing of the neck and one pseudotumour which was occurred at 9 years.There was one patient (2 hips) underwent revision surgery twice at 5 months and 9 years.The former cause of revision was femoral neck fracture and the latter one was pseudotumour.The Kaplan-Meier survivorship was 98.8％ at five years,and 95.0％ at ten years.Conclusion Patients who underwent metal-on-metal HRA could obtain good mid and long-term results.Pseudotumour and unexplained pain of the hip are critical factors which can affect the mid-and long-term results and survivorship of metal-on-metal HRA.

Objective To evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to sub-anesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane on memory function and homeostasis of mice.Methods Thirty-six healthy male Kunming mice,aged 40 days,weighing 25-30 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =12 each):control group (group C),0.1％ sevoflurane group (group L) and 0.5 ％ sevoflurane group (group H).The mice inhaled 0.1％ (group L) or 0.5％ sevoflurane (group H) between 18:00-6:00 (the next day) every night for 30 days.Water maze test was performed at 27-30 days of inhalation.Blood samples were collected from the left ventricle for blood gas analysis and for determination of blood electrolytes.Results There was no significant difference in swimming time in Water maze test,number of errors and blood gas analysis and blood electrolytes.Conclusion Chronic exposure to subanesthetic concentrations of sevoflurane has no significant effects on memory function and homeostasis of mice.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hippocampus and cognitive dysfunction after splenectomy in aged rats.Methods Sixty-three male aged Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 480-550 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =21 each):control group (group C),anesthesia group (group A),and surgery group (group S).Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability before surgery and at 1,3 and 7 days after surgery.The escape latency and swimming distance were recorded.Seven rats were chosen after MWM test was performed at 1,3 and 7 days after surgery and sacrificed.Their hippocampi were removed for detection of the expression of AMPK and phosphorylated (p-AMPK) (by Western blot).Results Compared with the baseline,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged at 1 and 3 days after surgery in group S (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged at 1 and 3 days after surgery,the expression of AMPK was up-regulated at 1,3 and 7 days after surgery,and the expression of p-AMPK was up-regulated at 1 and 3 days after surgery in group S (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the indices mentioned above in group A (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Increased AMPK level in hippocampus is the regulatory mechanism of the body adapting to the development of cognitive dysfunction after splenectomy in aged rats.