Objective:To develop and validate a Self-care Ability Scale for Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) in Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:Guided by Orem's self-care theory, the initial item pool of the scale was developed through a literature review, semi-structured interviews, and group discussions. The initial scale was finalized after two rounds of expert consultation using the Delphi method. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 418 MHD patients using AVF in January 2024 for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing. Another 293 MHD patients using AVF were recruited in March 2024 for confirmatory factor analysis.Results:The self-care ability scale for AVF in MHD patients included four dimensions: knowledge and skills of AVF self-care, willingness and attitude toward AVF self-care, recognition and prevention of AVF complications, and patient self-adjustment and adaptation, comprising 38 items. The content validity index at the scale level was 0.98. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 84.706%. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit, strong convergent validity, and ideal discriminant validity. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.987; the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.902, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.979.Conclusions:The Self-care Ability Scale for AVF in MHD patients demonstrates excellent reliability and validity, making it a suitable tool for assessing patients' ability to self-care for their AVF.

Objective:To develop and validate a Self-care Ability Scale for Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) in Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:Guided by Orem's self-care theory, the initial item pool of the scale was developed through a literature review, semi-structured interviews, and group discussions. The initial scale was finalized after two rounds of expert consultation using the Delphi method. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 418 MHD patients using AVF in January 2024 for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing. Another 293 MHD patients using AVF were recruited in March 2024 for confirmatory factor analysis.Results:The self-care ability scale for AVF in MHD patients included four dimensions: knowledge and skills of AVF self-care, willingness and attitude toward AVF self-care, recognition and prevention of AVF complications, and patient self-adjustment and adaptation, comprising 38 items. The content validity index at the scale level was 0.98. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 84.706%. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit, strong convergent validity, and ideal discriminant validity. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.987; the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.902, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.979.Conclusions:The Self-care Ability Scale for AVF in MHD patients demonstrates excellent reliability and validity, making it a suitable tool for assessing patients' ability to self-care for their AVF.

Objective To investigate the modeling of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis based on data mining,and to provide a reference for the preparation of a standardized Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis animal model.Methods We searched the CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,China Biomedical Literature Database,and PubMed Chinese-English Database by computer to obtain studies of animal experiments relating to Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis in the past 20 years.The species,modeling method,dosage,dosing cycle,modeling standards,and detection indexes were screened manually,and a database was established by using Microsoft Excel 2021 software for statistical analysis.The association rules of high-frequency indicators were analyzed using SPSS Modeler 18.0,and Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to visually upgrade the association network diagram.Results A total of 106 articles that met the inclusion criteria were summarized.SD rats and KM mice were the mostly commonly used animal models of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis and most studies used drug-induced models.Bovine serum albumin(BSA)+lipopolysaccharide(LPS)+carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)+castor oil,ovalbumin(OVA)+Freund's complete adjuvant,gliadin+Indian ink,and BSA+staphylococcal enterotoxin B(SEB)were used to produce the animal models,generally with cycles of 5～14 weeks.The standard of modeling was skin purpura and increased numbers of urine red blood cells.Proteinuria,glomerular mesangial hyperplasia in kidney tissue,and immune complex mainly composed of immunoglobulin A(IgA)deposited in small blood vessels indicated successful modeling.There were 36 medical indexes,including 23 indexes related to the kidney and urine and nine indexes related to blood.Among these,10 indexes,such as 24 h urine protein quantification,interleukin,renal pathology,urine red blood cell count,IgA,circulating immune complex and creatinine were used in≥10%of cases.Cluster analysis of high-frequency indicators showed that the comprehensive evaluation model of 24 h urinary protein quantification+interleukin+renal pathology+urinary red blood cell count+IgA was mostly used.Conclusions Most existing animal models of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis have used male SD rats or female Kunming mice,and most models were induced by drugs.Among these,the method of stasis-heat syndrome combined with IgA nephropathy(disease-syndrome combination method)has the advantages of good repeatability and a high modeling rate,and may thus provide a reference for the selection of animal experimental models of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of morphology-voltage-P wave duration(MVP)electrocardiogram(ECG)score for major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in elder-ly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and atrial fibrillation(AF)within 1 year after treatment.Methods A total of 122 elderly CHD patients with concomitant AF admitted to our department from August 2020 to June 2023 were enrolled,and divided into MACE group(n=31)and non-MACE group(n=91)according to whether MACE occurred within 1 year after treat-ment.Their clinical data,treatment,laboratory indicators and ECG data were collected and ana-lyzed.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of MACE,and ROC curve was drawn to calculate the AUC value of MVP ECG score in the prediction of MACE occurrence.Results The MACE group had significantly higher Gensini score,C-reactive protein(CRP)level and MVP ECG score,and lower LVEF value than the non-MACE group(P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Gensini score,CRP,LVEF and MVP ECG score were the influencing factors for MACE in elderly CHD patients complicated with AF within 1 year after treatment(OR=4.562,95％CI:1.881-11.064,P=0.001;OR=5.127,95％CI:1.865-14.096,P=0.001;OR=0.998,95％CI:0.687-0.959,P=0.012;OR=4.829,95％CI:2.343-9.953,P=0.001).ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC value of MVP ECG score in predic-ting MACE within 1 year after treatment in these patients was 0.820,and the optimal cut-off val-ue was 3,the sensitivity was 77.78％and the specificity was 61.00％.Conclusion MVP ECG score has a good predictive value for MACE in elderly CHD patients with concomitant AF within 1 year after treatment.

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Objective     To explore the relationship between preoperative fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing elective thoracoscopic lung resection, and provide a reference for prediction and prevention of PPCs in the clinic. Methods     A retrospective analysis was performed on the type 2 diabetic patients who underwent elective thoracoscopic lung resection for the first time in our hospital from January 2017 to March 2021. According to the level of FPG one day before the operation, the patients were divided into three groups: a hypoglycemia group (<6.1 mmol/L), a medium level blood glucose group (≥6.1 mmol/L and <8.0 mmol/L) and a high blood glucose group (≥8.0 mmol/L). Besides, the patients were divided into a PPCs group and a non-PPCs group according to whether PPCs occurred. The risk factors for PPCs were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and the predictive value of preoperative FPG level on PPCs was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results     A total of 130 patients were included, including 75 (57.7%) males and 55 (42.3%) females with an average age of 63.5±9.0 years. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to non-PPCs patients, the level of preoperative FPG (P=0.023) and smoking history ratio (P=0.036) were higher and the operation time was longer (P=0.004) in the PPCs patients. High FPG level on preoperative day 1 and longer operation time were associated with PPCs risk. Besides, the preoperative FPG of 6.79 mmol/L was the threshold value to predict the occurrence of PPCs [AUC=0.653, 95%CI (0.559, 0.747), P=0.003]. Conclusion     There is a certain correlation between preoperative FPG level and postoperative PPCs, which may be used as an index to predict the occurrence of PPCs.

OBJECTIVE To establish a QuECHERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of 3 triazole antifungal drugs including itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and 5 nitroimidazoles including ronidazole, dimetridazole, secnidazole, tinidazole and ornidazole. METHODS The sample was added into 1 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution and extracted with acetonitrile, and then purified by QuECHERS method. The separation was performed on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution by gradient elution, electrospray ionization(ESI+) source was applied and operated in the positive mode. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to monitor ions. Matrix-matched calibration was used to quantitative calculation. RESULTS Eight anti-infective drugs showed good linear relationship in the range of 20.0-1 000.0 ng·mL-1. The linear correlation coefficients of the method were ＞0.995. At three levels, the average recoveries ranged from 90.3% to 113.0%, with the RSD(n=6) from 0.4% to 2.6%. The limits of quantification of the method were among 0.056-1.89 μg·g-1, and the limits of detection were among 0.014-0.56 μg·g-1. CONCLUSION This method is rapid, accurate and has good purification effect, which can be applied to the detection of 8 anti-infective drugs in anti-dandruff hair products.

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as an important pattern recognition receptor (PRR), dominates the innate and adaptive immunity regulating many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Atherosclerosis is proved as an inflammatory disease, and inflammatory events involved in the entire process of initiation and deterioration. However, the contribution of TLR3 to atherosclerosis remains unclear. Herein, we identified the clinical relevance of TLR3 upregulation and disease processes in human atherosclerosis. Besides, activation of TLR3 also directly led to significant expression of atherogenic chemokines and adhesion molecules. Conversely, silencing TLR3 inhibited the uptake of oxLDL by macrophages and significantly reduced foam cell formation. Given the aberrance in TLR3 functions on atherosclerosis progression, we hypothesized that TLR3 could serve as novel target for clinical atherosclerosis therapy. Therefore, we developed the novel ellipticine derivative SMU-CX24, which specifically inhibited TLR3 (IC₅₀ = 18.87 ± 2.21 nmol/L). In vivo, atherosclerotic burden was alleviated in Western diet fed ApoE^-/- mice in response to SMU-CX24 treatment, accompanying notable reductions in TLR3 expression and inflammation infiltration within atherosclerotic lesion. Thus, for the first time, we revealed that pharmacological downregulation of TLR3 with specific inhibitor regenerated inflammatory environment to counteract atherosclerosis progression, thereby proposing a new strategy and probe for atherosclerosis therapy.

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control in schools is always the key area of TB control work. The paper reviews the TB epidemic change trend and characteristic in students, and analyzes existing problems in current TB control work in schools, including incompletely implemented routine precaution measurements in schools, inaccurate occupational information for TB patients, absence of evidence from TB laboratory in diagnosis and tracing infectious source, lack of timeliness and standardization in close contact screening, low coverage of preventive therapy, and lack of capacity for tackling public sentiment. Specific suggestions were proposed for every institute involved in TB control work in schools to solve these problems.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method in treatment of rectal cancer.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 237 patients with rectal cancer who were admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from June 2004 to June 2009 were collected.Among 237 patients undergoing radical resection of rectal cancer,120 using laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method were allocated into the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 117 using laparoscopic ultrasound knife's method were allocated into the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group.Observation indicators included:(1)treatment situations:operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissected,time to anal exsufflation,time for out-of-bed activity,duration of hospital stay,treatment expenses and occurrence of complications(anastomotic leakage,intestinal obstruction,postoperative dysuresia and sexual dysfunction),(2)follow-up situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 18,2014.The colonoscopy,chest X-ray and abdominal computed tomography(CT)were applied to suspected patients with local or distal tumor recurrence.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented asx±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using t test.Count data were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rate was analyzed using the Log-rank test.Results(1)Treatment situations:all the patients underwent successful laparoscopic surgery,without conversion to open surgery.Operation time,number of lymph node dissected,time to anal exsufflation,time for out-of-bed activity and duration of hospital stay were respectively(156±33)minutes,18±2,(1.5±0.6)days,(1.5±0.5)days,(7.5±2.5)days in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and(175±21)minutes,16±4,(1.6±0.5)days,(1.4±0.5)days,(8.0±1.8)days in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference in the above indexes between the 2 groups(t=25.324,20.117,21.477,1.617,1.770,P＞0.05).Volume of intraoperative blood loss and treatment expenses were respectively(116±12)mL,(2.4±0.3)×104 yuan in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and(149±25)mL,(2.8±0.2)×104 yuan in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the 2 groups(t=212.740,211.071,P＜0.05).Anastomotic leakage,intestinal obstruction and dysuresia or sexual dysfunction were respectively detected in 6,3,0 in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 7,3,5 in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference in the anastomotic leakage and intestinal obstruction between the 2 groups(x2=0.110,P＞0.05)and with a statistically significant difference in the dysuresia or sexual dysfunction between the 2 groups(P＜0.05).All the patients received postoperative chemotherapy of FOLFOX regimens for 6 cycles.(2)Followup situations:226 patients were followed up for a median time of 52 months(range,11-121 months),and 11 patients lost to follow-up were included in the study as censored data,including 5 in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 6 in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group.During the follow-up,67 patients were dead,including 58 died of tumor recurrence and metastasis,4 died of cerebral hemorrhage,3 died of myocardial infarction and 2 died of renal failure.The overall survival rate and overall survival time were 70.36％and 51 months.The overall local tumor recurrence rate,distal tumor recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate were 8.33％(10/120),25.83％(31/120),71.7％in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 7.69％(9/117),29.06％(34/117),72.4％in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups(x2=0.033,0.310,0.002,P＞0.05).Conclusion The laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method in treatment of rectal cancer is safe and effective compared with traditional laparoscopic surgery,and it could also reduce the incidence of autonomic nerve-related complications and treatment expenses.