Allergic diseases exhibited the characteristics of latent concealment and dynamic transmutation， which highly align with the pathogenic features of "latency and transformative change" described in the theory of latent pathogens. Based on the "latent pathogens with transformative potential" theory， this paper systematically explored the mechanisms of occurrence， transmission， and outcome of allergic diseases. It proposed that the insufficiency of kidney essence is the root cause enabling pathogens to lurk internally， leading to disease onset due to deficient healthy qi and lurking pathogens； the dysfunction of sanjiao serves as the pathway for pathogen stagnation， driving multi-system transmission； the accumulation of phlegm， stasis， and toxins constitutes the predicament of a protracted course， ultimately resulting in intractable pathological entanglement. Accordingly， a tiered intervention strategy is formulated，i.e. during the latency period， treatment should tonify the kidney and replenish essence to consolidate the foundation and halt the tendency of pathogens to lurk internally； during the transmission period， treatment should regulate sanjiao to intercept disease transmission and curb multi-system proliferation； during the protracted period， treatment should purge phlegm and resolve stasis to eliminate stubborn lesions， and break the vicious cycle of chronic accumulation and damage.

ObjectiveMicrotube associated protein-2 （MAP-2）， alpha-tubulin （α-tubulin）， and synaptophysin （SYP） are important proteins in neuronal signal communication. This paper observed the effects of modified Zhigancao Tang on the expression of serum α-Synuclein （α-Syn） and its oligomers， MAP-2， α-tubulin， and SYP of patients with liver and kidney deficiency of Parkinson's disease （PD）， analyzed their correlation， and evaluated the therapeutic effect of modified Zhigancao Tang in patients with liver and kidney deficiency of PD based on α-Syn transmission pathway mediated by neuronal communication in vivo. MethodsA total of 60 patients with PD who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a treatment group （30 cases） and a control group （30 cases）. Both groups were treated on the basis of PD medicine， and the treatment group was treated with modified Zhigancao Tang. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The changes in UPDRS score， TCM syndrome score， and expression of serum α-Syn and its oligomers， MAP-2， α-tubulin， and SYP were observed before and after 12 weeks of treatment in each group. The correlation between the above-mentioned serum biological indexes and the levels of serum α-Syn and its oligomers was analyzed. ResultsAfter treatment， the TCM syndrome score， UPDRS score， UPDRS-Ⅱ score， and UPDRS-Ⅲ score of the treatment group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The UPDRS score， UPDRS-Ⅱ score， and UPDRS-Ⅲ scores in the treatment group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. After treatment， the total effective rate of the control group was 63.3% （19/30）， and that of the treatment group was 86.7% （26/30）. The clinical effect of the observation group was better than the control group （Z=-2.03， P<0.05）. The total effective rate of the observation group was better than that of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （χ²=5.136， P<0.05）. After treatment， the oligomer level of serum α-Syn and MAP-2 level in the treatment group were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The levels of serum α-Syn and its oligomers， as well as α-tubulin in the treatment group， were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group after treatment （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum α-Syn was correlated with serum MAP-2 and α-Syn oligomer in patients with PD （P<0.05， P<0.01） but not correlated with serum SYP . Serum α-Syn oligomers of patients with PD were correlated with serum MAP-2 and α-tubulin （P<0.05， P<0.01） but not correlated with serum SYP level. Serum SYP of patients with PD was correlated with serum MAP-2 （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Zhigancao Tang has a therapeutic effect on patients with liver and kidney deficiency of PD by inhibiting the production of α-Syn oligomers and intervening α-Syn microtubule transport pathway in vivo.

Red culture is an important part of Chinese national culture and the most valuable spiritual wealth of the Chi-nese people.This article explores the necessity of using red culture to enhance the effectiveness of party building work in universi-ty-affiliated hospitals in the new era.It shares the main experiences of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital,Zhongshan University,in learning from the spirit of the Gutian Conference to improve party building work.The article discusses how the integration of ideo-logical party building,practical innovation,and in-depth research has achieved certain results in party building work,providing references and basis for inspiring the vitality of grassroots party building work and innovating its content.

This paper explores the possibility of improving syndrome differentiation system of weifen,qifen,yingfen and xuefen.Clinical manifestations of xuefen syndrome in warm diseases are diverse with complex pathogenesis.Based on the previous re-search of the research group and the theories of essence and marrow,combined with characteristics of bleeding,organ failure,abnormal consciousness,and spasms in the extreme and late stages of warm diseases,it is suggested that the traditional xuefen syndrome should be further subdivided into xuefen syndrome mainly characterized by disorders in blood generation,circulation,and function,jingfen syndrome mainly characterized by organ failure,and suifen syndrome mainly characterized by symptoms of consciousness and nervous system abnormalities.Adopting six stage differentiation and treatment of weifen,qifen,yingfen,xuefen,jingfen and suifen not only ex-pands the progressive pattern of warm disease pathogenesis,deepens the understanding of the pathogenesis essence of each stage in warm diseases,especially the extreme and late stages,promotes the precision of treatment guides and prescriptions,but also helps us understand the common transformation and evolution laws of external and internal diseases,and thus improves the diagnosis and treat-ment effectiveness.

This paper explores the possibility of improving syndrome differentiation system of weifen,qifen,yingfen and xuefen.Clinical manifestations of xuefen syndrome in warm diseases are diverse with complex pathogenesis.Based on the previous re-search of the research group and the theories of essence and marrow,combined with characteristics of bleeding,organ failure,abnormal consciousness,and spasms in the extreme and late stages of warm diseases,it is suggested that the traditional xuefen syndrome should be further subdivided into xuefen syndrome mainly characterized by disorders in blood generation,circulation,and function,jingfen syndrome mainly characterized by organ failure,and suifen syndrome mainly characterized by symptoms of consciousness and nervous system abnormalities.Adopting six stage differentiation and treatment of weifen,qifen,yingfen,xuefen,jingfen and suifen not only ex-pands the progressive pattern of warm disease pathogenesis,deepens the understanding of the pathogenesis essence of each stage in warm diseases,especially the extreme and late stages,promotes the precision of treatment guides and prescriptions,but also helps us understand the common transformation and evolution laws of external and internal diseases,and thus improves the diagnosis and treat-ment effectiveness.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory pathogens in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study, which encompassed 19 core units of the clinical pathogen network and established a three-tiered clinical pathogen surveillance system. Thirty respiratory samples were collected every two weeks from various units from January to December 2024, and the clinical and pathogen diagnostic information were gathered. A total of 11 864 samples were tested using this system. The tier-1 clinical pathogen surveillance system covered influenza A virus (Flu-A), influenza B virus (Flu-B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The tier-2 clinical pathogen surveillance system focused on 18 key respiratory pathogens. The tier-3 clinical pathogen surveillance system further clarified whether any emerging infectious diseases had occurred.Results:The tier-1 clinical pathogen surveillance system showed Flu-A predominated in December, Flu-B predominated in January, SARS-CoV-2 peaked in March and August, whereas RSV circulated sporadically throughout the year. Geographic trends were broadly consistent across the seven major regions, although Flu-A detection in December was notably higher in Northeast China (48.1%(111/231)) and East China (36.2%(148/409)), and RSV detection was concentrated in the Northwest and South China from January to March. Data from the tier-2 clinical pathogen surveillance system indicated that Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, and adenovirus were detected year-round, of these, Streptococcus pneumoniae and rhinovirus showed elevated positive detection rates from August to September, while adenovirus peaked in January. Legionella pneumophila was not detected throughout the year, and other pathogens fluctuated throughout the year without a consistent pattern. The predominant etiologic agents of pediatric pneumonia were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (35.0%(105/300)), rhinovirus (25.7%(77/300)), and adenovirus (17.3%(52/300)), whereas adult pneumonia was mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.5%(29/277)), Staphylococcus aureus (6.9%(19/277)), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (6.9%(19/277)), and Flu-A (6.1%(17/277)). The tier-3 clinical pathogen surveillance system did not identify any emerging respiratory pathogens. Conclusion:Respiratory pathogens in China in 2024 exhibit distinct temporal and spatial distribution patterns and vary among different populations.

Red culture is an important part of Chinese national culture and the most valuable spiritual wealth of the Chi-nese people.This article explores the necessity of using red culture to enhance the effectiveness of party building work in universi-ty-affiliated hospitals in the new era.It shares the main experiences of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital,Zhongshan University,in learning from the spirit of the Gutian Conference to improve party building work.The article discusses how the integration of ideo-logical party building,practical innovation,and in-depth research has achieved certain results in party building work,providing references and basis for inspiring the vitality of grassroots party building work and innovating its content.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory pathogens in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study, which encompassed 19 core units of the clinical pathogen network and established a three-tiered clinical pathogen surveillance system. Thirty respiratory samples were collected every two weeks from various units from January to December 2024, and the clinical and pathogen diagnostic information were gathered. A total of 11 864 samples were tested using this system. The tier-1 clinical pathogen surveillance system covered influenza A virus (Flu-A), influenza B virus (Flu-B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The tier-2 clinical pathogen surveillance system focused on 18 key respiratory pathogens. The tier-3 clinical pathogen surveillance system further clarified whether any emerging infectious diseases had occurred.Results:The tier-1 clinical pathogen surveillance system showed Flu-A predominated in December, Flu-B predominated in January, SARS-CoV-2 peaked in March and August, whereas RSV circulated sporadically throughout the year. Geographic trends were broadly consistent across the seven major regions, although Flu-A detection in December was notably higher in Northeast China (48.1%(111/231)) and East China (36.2%(148/409)), and RSV detection was concentrated in the Northwest and South China from January to March. Data from the tier-2 clinical pathogen surveillance system indicated that Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, and adenovirus were detected year-round, of these, Streptococcus pneumoniae and rhinovirus showed elevated positive detection rates from August to September, while adenovirus peaked in January. Legionella pneumophila was not detected throughout the year, and other pathogens fluctuated throughout the year without a consistent pattern. The predominant etiologic agents of pediatric pneumonia were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (35.0%(105/300)), rhinovirus (25.7%(77/300)), and adenovirus (17.3%(52/300)), whereas adult pneumonia was mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.5%(29/277)), Staphylococcus aureus (6.9%(19/277)), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (6.9%(19/277)), and Flu-A (6.1%(17/277)). The tier-3 clinical pathogen surveillance system did not identify any emerging respiratory pathogens. Conclusion:Respiratory pathogens in China in 2024 exhibit distinct temporal and spatial distribution patterns and vary among different populations.

Background: Inflammation indices are emerging predictors of diseases. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a precancerous state and chronic inflammation may drive MGUS progression. This study aimed to evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and MGUS. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and 1999–2004 were collected from 6,383 participants. MGUS subtypes were identified using immunofixation electrophoresis. Seven inflammatory indices [lymphocyte count (LC), neutrophil count (NC), platelet-neutrophil product (PPN), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] were calculated. Weighted multivariate regression and subgroup analyses assessed the relationships, reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of the 6383 patients included in the study, 157 (2.45%) underwent MGUS. There was a significant correlation trend between ln PPN level and the development of MGUS, especially at low levels (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.54–4.75, p-trend = 0.001), while the correlation between PLR level and MGUS was not obvious. In the subgroup analysis, a significant association between PPN level and MGUS was mainly found in the overall population, female sex, nonHispanic black, non-hypercholesterolemia, non-type 2 diabetes (T2D), high school education or above, and divorced or widowed; however, there was no significant interaction between PPN level and MGUS in each subgroup. Conclusion PPN levels were significantly associated with MGUS development. Our study identified PPN as a novel and convenient inflammatory marker with potential clinical relevance. Although preliminary, the observed associations highlight the need for validation through longitudinal studies before considering their clinical applications.

Objective:To examine the treatment strategy of congenital tracheal stenosis associated with non-vascular ring cardiac malformations.Methods:This is a retrospective case series study. Clinic data from 24 children with tracheal stenosis who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from February 2017 to March 2023 were retrospectively collected. There were 16 males and 8 females, aged ( M(IQR)) 6.5 (19.6) months (range: 2.2 to 66.3 months) and weighted 5.95 (4.76) kg (range: 3.2 to 20.0 kg). All patients had obvious respiratory symptoms. Eighteen patients underwent cardiac malformation correction and tracheoplasty at the same time (simultaneous group). Six patients in the staged operation group were treated with cardiac malformation correction in the first stage operation and tracheoplasty in the second stage operation due to missed diagnosis or delayed diagnosis of tracheal stenosis or no condition for tracheoplasty. Slide tracheoplasty was used to correct tracheal stenosis in both groups. The recovery of the children was followed. Wilcoxon sign rank test was used for comparison between the two groups. Results:There was no death during the perioperative period and hospitalization. In the simultaneous group, 1 case with delayed chest closure underwent bedside chest closure after 52 hours, 2 cases were intubated again after operation, and 1 case was implanted with an endotracheal stent. The duration of mechanical ventilation was 40.5 (39.6) hours (range: 19.0 to 438.8 hours). In the staged group, there was 1 case of re-intubation after operation, combined with left vocal cord paralysis and respiratory multidrug-resistant bacterial infection ( Acinetobacter baumanii). One patient underwent 3 times of bronchoscopic balloon dilatation of the right middle bronchus, and heart rate returned to normal range. The duration of mechanical ventilation was 19.0 (21.4) hours (range: 17.1 to 96.7 hours). During follow-up, a patient in the simultaneous group was prone to respiratory infection and had good exercise tolerance, 1 case in the staged group still had sputum stridor in the throat 3 months after the operation, and symptoms improved significantly 6 months after the operation. The other children didn′t have obvious respiratory symptoms. Conclusions:The diagnosis of tracheal stenosis may be delayed or missed when tracheal stenosis is complicated by non-vascular ring cardiac malformations. One-stage correction of tracheal stenosis and cardiac malformation can achieve a good outcome.