AIM:To investigate the current status and influencing factors of knowledge-attitude-practice in myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents in Ningbo City, thereby providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted prevention strategies.METHODS: Children and adolescents aged 6-12 years old were selected from the medical-school collaborative myopia prevention network in Ningbo City between August 2024 and May 2025 using stratified cluster sampling. Information on myopia prevention knowledge(15 items)and practice(9 items)was collected through questionnaire surveys. Logistic regression models were used to analyze factors influencing myopia occurrence in children and adolescents.RESULTS: A total of 664 children and adolescents aged 6-12 years were enrolled in this study. Participants were divided by age into three groups: 6-7 years old(n=221), 8-9 years old(n=221), and 10-12 years old(n=222). Of the 664 questionnaires distributed, 637 valid questionnaires were returned(201 from the 6-7 age group, 235 from the 8-9 age group, and 201 from the 10-12 age group), yielding an effective response rate of 95.9%. Based on myopia screening results, the non-myopic group comprised 203 participants(31.9%), including 100 males and 103 females, with a mean age of 8.82±1.98 years old. The myopic group comprised 434 participants(68.1%), including 213 males and 221 females, with a mean age of 9.10±1.95 years old. The myopia prevalence rates in the 6-7, 8-9, and 10-12 age groups were 37.8%(76/201), 71.9%(169/235), and 94.0%(189/201), respectively(P<0.001). Regarding the knowledge and practice of myopia prevention, the overall awareness rate in the non-myopic group(59.7%±9.7%)was significantly higher than that in the myopic group(48.7%±8.5%; P<0.001). Additionally, the non-myopic group scored higher on the key practice of “regular eye examinations”(4.27±0.96)compared to the myopic group(4.10±1.05; P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age was the primary risk factor for myopia occurrence.CONCLUSION: Age is the dominant factor in the onset of myopia, and there is a phenomenon of “knowledge-practice gap”; the traditional health education model has limitations, and a precise prevention and control system based on developmental patterns should be established.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of measles cases in the measles elimination stage and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control, diagnosis and treatment of measles. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the clinical characteristics of 442 confirmed measles cases in Hebei Province from 2018 to 2020. Results Among the 442 measles cases, the main symptoms were rash (96.61%), fever (90.50%), cough (56.11%), and Koplik spots (30.09%). Complications were mainly pneumonia (12.22%). There were significant differences in symptoms among different age groups (P < 0.05). The incidence of symptoms in children under 5 years old (except cough) was higher than that in other age groups. Immunization history had no significant impact on the symptoms of fever and rash (P > 0.05), but the incidence of symptoms such as cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik's spots and catarrhal rhinitis in the immunized group was lower than that in the non-immunized group (P < 0.05). The group with an interval of 0 days from fever to rash was the largest, and the proportion of people with an immunization history in the 0-day group (68.06%) was significantly higher than that in the 3-4-day group (49.44%) (P < 0.05). Pneumonia complications were mainly concentrated in children under 5 years old (87.03%), and most of the cases had a 0-dose immunization history (81.48%). Conclusion In the measles elimination stage, the incidence of fever and rash in cases is relatively high, while the incidence of Koplik spots is relatively low. The symptoms are more obvious in the younger age group. Vaccination can reduce the incidence of specific symptoms. The change in the time of rash appearance suggests that the diagnosis and treatment plan need to be adjusted. This study provides key data support for the formulation of measles prevention, control and treatment strategies.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder in the treatment of breast hyperplasia using network pharmacology; To verify the mechanism of Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder in the treatment of breast hyperplasia through animal experiments.Methods:The active components and potential targets of Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder were searched in TCMSP and Uniprot databases. Breast hyperplasia genes were searched in GeneCards and OMIM databases. The intersection targets were obtained by online tool Venny, and the "drug-component-target" network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. The protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the String platform, and GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the DAVID annotation database. Molecular docking was performed using PDB, PubChem database, PyMOL 2.1 and AutoDockvina 1.2.5 software to predict the biological mechanism of Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder in the treatment of breast hyperplasia. Rats were divided into blank group, model group, tamoxifen group and Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder low-, medium- and high-dosage groups according to the random number table method, with 6 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, the other groups were prepared with the modified estrogen-progesterone-induced rat mammary hyperplasia model. Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder low-, medium- and high-dosage groups were intragastrically administered with Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder solution at 7.425 g/kg, 14.850 g/kg, and 29.700 g/kg respectively, while the tamoxifen group was intragastrically administered with 2.1 mg/kg tamoxifen. The blank group and the model group were intragastrically administered with the same volume of drinking water, once a day, for consecutive 28 d. The thickness of the mammary gland was measured by small animal ultrasound. The height and width of the nipples were measured by vernier calipers. The levels of serum E2 and P were detected by ELISA. The morphology of mammary tissue was observed by HE staining. The expressions of ERα, ERβ, SRC-1 and CBP/p300 proteins were detected by Western blot.Results:A total of 92 active components and 274 disease-drug intersection targets were screened out. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder was closely related to positive regulation of gene expression, positive regulation of RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter transcription, signal transduction, negative regulation of apoptosis process, response to heterogeneous stimulation, and regulation of hormone levels. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the core targets might be related to NF-κB signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and regulating hormone levels. Molecular docking results showed that the core components had a good binding energy with the core target and a stable conformation. Compared with the model group, the thickness of the mammary gland in the tamoxifen group and Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder low-, medium- and high-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.01), the serum P level increased ( P<0.05), the expressions of ERα, SRC-1, and CBP/p300 proteins decreased ( P<0.01), and the expression of ERβ protein increased ( P<0.01); the height of the nipples in the Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder medium- and high-dosage groups and the tamoxifen group decreased ( P<0.01), and the serum E2 level increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Shiwei Chaihu Shugan Powder may play a role in the treatment of breast hyperplasia by regulating the levels of estrogen and related proteins.

Objective To investigate the relationship between stationing years of personnel on an island and their traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution,thus providing a reference for adjusting the health status of stationed personnel,preventing and treating diseases.Methods Based on The Scale of Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire,TCM constitution of 734 personnel stationed on an island was investigated.Pearson χ2 method was used for data analysis.Results Of the 734 personnel stationed on an island 345(47.0%)were of the balanced constitution type and 389(53.0%)were of the biased constitution types.Among the people with biased constitution types,composite constitution accounted for 80.5%(313 people)and the simple accounted for the rest(19.5%,76 people).The top three types of the biased were dampness heat(15.2%),qi deficiency(14.0%),and yin deficiency(10.7%).The distribution of TCM constitution types was significantly different in terms of stationing years on the island(P<0.05).There was a significant difference in the balanced type and yin deficiency type between people with stationing time≤2 years and>8 years(P<0.05).There was a significant difference in qi deficiency type and qi depression type between people with stationing time≤2 years and>5 years(P<0.05).Compared to people with stationing time≤2 years,significant difference was found in yang deficiency type in people with stationing time ranging from 2 to 5 years and those with>8 years(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the phlegm dampness type,blood stasis type,and specific diathesis type between people with stationing time≤2 years and people with stationing time ranging from>2～5 years and>8 years(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the dampness heat type between people with stationing time≤2 years and people with stationing time ranging from>5～8 years and>8 years,between pepole with stationing time ranging from>2～5 years and people with stationing time>8 years(P<0.05).Conclusion The dampness heat type,qi deficiency type and yin deficiency type are common biased TCM constitution in personnel stationed on islands.The longer the time spent on islands,the greater the possibility of forming biased constitution.

Objective To analyze the operation of Measles Surveillance System (MSS) in Hebei Province, and to provide evidence for measles elimination. Methods Measles surveillance data was collected from the MSS from 2020 to 2023, and a modified weighted technology for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method was used to evaluate the surveillance indexes of measles in Hebei Province. Results The operation quality of the measles surveillance system in Hebei Province was improved year by year, with the highest quality in 2023, and all the indicators reached the monitoring program standards. The quality of measles surveillance system was not balanced among cities, and the main influencing factor was the substandard sensitivity indicators. The quality of measles surveillance system was the highest in Baoding City and the lowest in Zhangjiakou City. Conclusion The measles surveillance system in Hebei province is running well, and the sensitivity of the surveillance system should be improved to keep the high-quality operation of the surveillance system.

[Objective] To investigate the factors associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) abnormalities in multi-ethnic blood donors across five Zang autonomous prefectures in the plateau regions of Qinghai Province, and to provide evidence for ensuring blood safety and formulating screening strategies. [Methods] A retrospective analysis was performed on the ALT abnormal test results of blood donors in the Zang autonomous prefectures of Qinghai from 2022 to 2024. The correlations between ALT levels and factors including gender, age, altitude, and infectious markers were investigated. [Results] The overall ALT unqualified rate among blood donors in this region was 9.01%. Significant differences in ALT levels were observed across genders and age groups (P<0.05). Variations in ALT abnormality rates were also noted among different plateau regions (P<0.05). Overall, ALT values exhibited an increasing trend with rising altitude. The average ALT unqualified rates were 11.19% in Zang donors, 7.96% in Han donors, and 4.79% in donors from other ethnic groups (P<0.05). No statistically significant association was observed between ALT abnormality and the presence of HBV/HCV infectious markers (P>0.05). [Conclusion] In the plateau areas of Qinghai, multi-ethnic blood donors have a relatively high ALT levels and ALT unqualified rates, showing distinct regional characteristics. ALT elevation in voluntary blood donors is related to non-pathological factors such as gender, age, and dietary habits, but not to infectious indicators.

Objective: To investigate the impact of RHAG 808A variant, commonly identified in the Chinese population, on RhAG protein, RhD and RhCE antigens expression through in vivo and in vitro expression analysis. Methods: A missense mutation of RHAG gene (c. 808G>A, p. Val270Ile) with high frequency was found in KMxD database. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using Polyphen-2 and Provean software. High resolution melting (HRM) method was utilized to screen for the variant carriers in the blood donors. The expression of RhAG protein, RhD and RhCE antigens on the surface of red cells of variant carriers were detected via flow cytometry. Wild-type and mutant vectors of RHAG were constructed and transfected into HEK 293T cells for in vitro expression analysis. Then, the expression of RhAG protein, RhD and RhCE antigens were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Polyphen-2 and Provean software suggested that the amino acid change (p. Val270Ile) of RhAG protein may be harmful or neutral respectively. Among the 999 blood donors from Guangzhou Blood Center, 4 homozygous carriers and 99 heterozygous carriers of RHAG 808A mutant allele were identified. The frequency of this allele was 5.4% (107/1 998). No significant differences in RhAG protein, RhD and RhCE antigens expression level was identified between the homozygous carriers, heterozygous carriers of RHAG 808A variant allele and the wild-type individuals. In vitro analysis for antigen expression study obtained the similar results. Conclusion: The RHAG 808A variant allele commonly identified in the Chinese population has no effect on the expression of RhAG protein, RhD and RhCE antigens, so the variant should be a population polymorphism site.

ObjectiveTo investigate the anti-Alzheimer's disease （AD） effect of Dipsacus asper（DA） in the Caenorhabditis elegans model， and decipher the underlying mechanism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα）/transcription factor EB （TFEB） pathway. MethodsFirst， transgenic AD C. elegans individuals were assigned into the blank control， model， positive control （WY14643， 20 µmol·L^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （100， 200， and 400 mg·L^-1， respectively） DA groups. The amyloid β-42 （Aβ₄₂） formation in the muscle cells， the paralysis time， and the deposition of amyloid β-protein （Aβ） in the head were detected. The lysosomal autophagy in the BV2 cell model was examined by Rluc-LC3wt/G120A. The expression levels of lysosomal autophagy-related proteins LC3Ⅱ， LC3I， LAMP2， and TFEB were detected by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes beclin1 and Atg5 and lysosome-related genes LAMP2 and CLN2 downstream of PPARα/TFEB. A reporter gene assay was used to detect the transcriptional activities of PPARα and TFEB. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the fluorescence intensity of PPARα， and the active components of the ethanol extract of DA were identified by UPLC-MS. RCSB PDB， Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and Autodock were used to analyze the binding between the active components and PPARα-ligand-binding domain （LBD）. ResultsCompared with the model group， the positive control group and 200 and 400 mg·L^-1 DA groups showed prolonged paralysis time （P<0.05）， and all the treatment groups showed decreased Aβ deposition in the head （P<0.01）. DA within the concentration range of 50-500 mg·L^-1 did not affect the viability of BV2 cells. In addition， DA enhanced the autophagy flux （P<0.05）， up-regulated the mRNA levels of beclin1， Atg5， LAMP2， and CLN2 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB （P<0.05）， increased LAMP2 expression and autophagy flux （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and enhanced the transcriptional activities of PPARα and TFEB （P<0.01）. The positive control group and 200 and 400 mg·L^-1 DA groups showed enhanced fluorescence intensity of PPARα in the BV2 nucleus （P<0.01）. UPLC-MS detected nine known compounds of DA， from which 8 active components of DA were screened out. The docking results suggested that a variety of components in DA could bind to PPARα-LBD and form stable hydrogen bonds. ConclusionDA may reduce the pathological changes in AD by regulating the PPARα-TFEB pathway.

ObjectiveBased on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap-linear ion-trap mass spectrometry（UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS）， the plasma concentration of ziyuglycoside Ⅰ was determined at different time points after oral administration， and its pharmacokinetic characteristics in normal rats and rats with acute kidney injury were compared. MethodsRats were randomly divided into normal group and model group， the model group received intraperitoneal cisplatin（10 mg·kg^-1） to establish the acute kidney injury model， the normal group was given the same volume of saline. After successful modeling， rats in the normal and model groups were randomly divided into the normal low， medium and high dose groups（2.5， 5， 7.5 mg·kg^-1） and the model low， medium and high dose groups（2.5， 5， 7.5 mg·kg^-1）， 6 rats in each group， and the plasma was collected at different time points after receiving the corresponding dose of ziyuglycoside Ⅰ. Then， the concentration of ziyuglycoside Ⅰ in rat plasma was determined by UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS， and the drug-time curve was poltted. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by Kinetica 5.1 software， and the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between different administration groups were compared by independent sample t-test with SPSS 22.0. ResultsThe pharmacokinetic results showed that after receiving the different doses of ziyuglycoside Ⅰ， its concentration increased first and then decreased， and all of them reached the maximum plasma concentration at about 0.5 h. The area under the curve（AUC_0-t） and mean retention time（MRT_0-t） of normal and model rats increased with the increased dose， and the clearance（CL） decreased with the increasing dose. Compared with the normal group， the AUC_0-t was significantly increased（P<0.01）， peak concentration（C_max） and CL decreased in model rats at different doses， indicating that the physiological state of the rats could affect the absorption and elimination of ziyuglycoside Ⅰ in vivo. ConclusionThe pharmacokinetic characteristics of ziyuglycoside Ⅰ are quite different in normal rats and acute kidney injury model rats， which may be due to the change of the body environment in the pathological state， then lead to changes in absorption and metabolic processes.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the changes in the proportion of refined lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with Graves disease (GD), and their correlation with the clinical characteristics and efficacy of GD, and to explore the immunological pathogenesis of Graves disease for seeking new therapeutic targets.Methods:A total of 97 newly diagnosed GD patients (GD group), 27 patients after treatment (treatment group), and 31 healthy individuals (control group) who visited the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from 2018 to 2021 were included in this study. The data of refined lymphocyte subsets, thyroid function, blood routine and clinical treatment of the three groups were compared and analyzed. The t-test and rank sum test were used to compare the proportions of lymphocyte subsets among different groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the proportions of lymphocyte subsets and thyroid function indicators.Results:The proportion of B cells in GD group was higher than that in the control group [16.2%(11.8%, 21.8%) vs 10.2%(8.1%,13.6%)], while the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells was lower [9.4%(4.9%, 13.6%) vs 14.6%(12.1%,18.8%)], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Abnormal T cell differentiation: the proportions of functional cells, including activated T cells, memory T cells, clustering antigen(CD)4+memory T cells, Th1 cells, and Tc1 cells, were lower than that in the control group [3.2%(2.1%, 5.7%) vs 5.8%(3.0%, 9.3%), P<0.05; 36.7% (29.9%, 48.1%) vs 48.0%(39.2%,57.7%), P<0.05; 23.1%(17.4%, 30.1%) vs 28.9%(23.3%,34.6%), P<0.05; 16.4% (11.8%, 23.6%) vs 24.3%(16.9%,28.5%), P<0.05; 28.5% (14.7%, 39.2%) vs 46.3%(21.6%,69.2%), P<0.05]. The proportion of activated T cells in the treatment group was higher than that in the GD group [6.5% (4.6%, 13.6%) vs 3.2% (2.1%, 5.7%), P<0.05]. The total triiodothyronine results showed positive correlations with B cells ( r=0.356, P<0.01) and negative correlations with NK cells ( r=?0.416, P<0.01), while the total thyroxine values showed negative correlations with NK cells and activated T cells ( r=?0.318,?0.335; P<0.01). Thyroid stimulating hormone and CD8+initial T cells were positively correlated ( r=0.382, P<0.01). The proportion of B cells, cytotoxic T cells and suppressor T cells in CD8+cells of patients with complications [such as Graves orbitopathy (GO), thyroid toxic cardiomyopathy, etc.] was significantly different from that of the simple GD patients [18.3% (14.1%, 27.1%) vs 14.6% (10.8%, 21.4%), Z=2.54, P<0.05; 73.4%(65.6%,83.6%)vs 65.0%(50.3%,79.3%), Z=2.93, P<0.05; 26.6%(16.4%, 37.5%)vs 35.0%(20.7%,49.7%), Z=?2.74, P<0.05]. The proportion of suppressor T cells in GO patients was lower than that in non-GO patients [6.1% (3.4%, 8.1%) vs 8.5% (4.9%, 13.6%), Z=?3.20 P<0.05]. Conclusion:There are significant alterations in the circulating immune cells of GD patients, suggesting that immunological abnormalities play a crucial role in the onset and progression of the disease.