ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of modified Chunzetang on bladder fibrosis and detrusor function in rats with neurogenic bladder urinary retention induced by spinal cord injury. MethodsIn this study， an improved Hassan Shaker spinal cord transection method was used to establish a model of neurogenic bladder urinary retention induced by spinal cord injury， and rats with a spinal cord injury behavior score of 0 were selected for follow-up experiments. The selected rats were randomly divided into a model group （normal saline gavage）， low-dose traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） group （gavage of 14.4 g·kg^-1 modified Chunzetang）， high-dose TCM group （gavage of 28.8 g·kg^-1 modified Chunzetang）， positive drug group ［intraperitoneal injection of 0.05 g·kg^-1 nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC）］， and combination group （intraperitoneal injection of 0.05 g·kg^-1 PDTC + gavage of 28.8 g·kg^-1 modified Chunzetang）. The rats in these groups were administrated with corresponding drugs once a day for four weeks. The BL-420s biofunction acquisition system was used in the experiment to calculate the urodynamic indexes， and the isolated bladder was quickly weighed. The detrusor traction experiment was used to record the minimum bladder contraction tension and frequency in each group. The pathological morphology and tissue fibrosis of detrusor in each group observed by Hematoxycin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were compared. The expression level of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κB p65， nuclear transcription factor-κB suppressor protein α （IκBα）， transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）， type Ⅰ collagen （ColⅠ）， and type Ⅲ collagen （ColⅢ） in bladder tissue of rats in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the changes in serum levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α. ResultsCompared with that in the sham operation group， the pressure at the urinary leakage point in the model group decreased （P<0.01）， and the bladder mass， bladder contractile tension， maximum bladder capacity， and bladder compliance increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. HE staining showed that the arrangement of bladder epithelial cells was disordered， and the pathological manifestations such as mucosa and myometria neutrophil infiltration were obvious. The lamina propria structure was destroyed， and the muscle fiber arrangement was disordered. The interstitial widening and tissue edema were obvious. Masson staining showed that the bladder wall of the model group had more collagen fiber deposition， and the degree of detrusor fibrosis was more severe. The content of detrusor in the visual field was reduced. At the same time， the protein expressions of NF-κB p65， TGF-β₁， IκBα， ColⅠ， and ColⅢ in bladder tissue of rats in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the serum levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α were significantly increased （P<0.05）. Compared with that in the model group， the pressure at the urinary leakage point in the modified Chunzetang and positive drug groups was increased （P<0.05）， and the wet bladder weight， minimum bladder contractile tension， maximum bladder capacity， and bladder compliance were restored （P<0.05， P<0.01）. HE and Masson showed that the bladder epithelial cells were relatively neatly arranged， and the structure of the bladder lamina propria was relatively stable. The detrusor bundles were arranged in an orderly manner， and the interstitium was narrow. The degree of tissue edema was relatively low， and the degree of bladder detrusor fibrosis in the modified Chunzetang and positive drug groups was reduced， while the degree of bladder detrusor fibrosis in the positive drug group and combination groups was not obvious. The results of Western blot showed that the expression of NF-κB p65， IκBα， TGF-β₁， ColⅠ， and ColⅢ in bladder tissue， as well as the serum levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α in modified Chunzetang and positive drug groups were significantly lower， and the expression of bladder tissue-related proteins and the serum levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α in the TCM groups decreased significantly with the increase in dose （P<0.05）. The results of immunohistochemistry suggested that modified Chunzetang could fully affect the expression of α-SMA in bladder tissue. ConclusionModified Chunzetang can inhibit collagen deposition in bladder tissue of rats with urinary retention induced by spinal cord injury， delay the occurrence and development of bladder fibrosis， and protect the normal contractile function of bladder detrusor， and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the NF-κB/TGF-β₁ signaling pathway， reducing the production of NF-κB p65， IκBα， TGF-β₁， ColⅠ， ColⅢ， and other related proteins， and protecting the muscle strength of detrusor.

Objective To explore the communication preferences for advance care planning(ACP)among elderly hospitalized patients and to provide references for improving the ACP implementation rate.Methods Convenience sampling was used to select elderly hospitalized patients from a tertiary hospital in Wenzhou City between April and November 2023.Face-to-face surveys were conducted using a general data collection form and a self-designed questionnaire on ACP communication preferences.Mixed Logit Model,willingness-to-pay analysis,relative importance analysis,and subgroup analysis were employed to explore preferences.Results 204 questionnaires were distributed and 200 valid questionnaires were recovered,with a valid questionnaire response rate of 98.04％.The Mixed Logit Model analysis indicated that key attributes-communication timing,communication form,family participation in ACP communication,legal validity of ACP documents,and out-of-pocket costs-significantly influenced preferences(P＜0.05).Willingness-to-pay analysis showed that changes in communication timing,communication form,and family participation altered patients' willingness to pay.Relative importance analysis ranked the top 3 attributes as commu-nication timing,communication form,and family participation.Subgroup analysis revealed that gender,education level,and residence location affected preferences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Key attributes of ACP communication affect elderly hospitalized patients' preferences and willingness to pay,with variations across subgroups.Healthcare professionals should develop optimal communication programs based on patient preferences and individual characteristics.

Objective To explore the communication preferences for advance care planning(ACP)among elderly hospitalized patients and to provide references for improving the ACP implementation rate.Methods Convenience sampling was used to select elderly hospitalized patients from a tertiary hospital in Wenzhou City between April and November 2023.Face-to-face surveys were conducted using a general data collection form and a self-designed questionnaire on ACP communication preferences.Mixed Logit Model,willingness-to-pay analysis,relative importance analysis,and subgroup analysis were employed to explore preferences.Results 204 questionnaires were distributed and 200 valid questionnaires were recovered,with a valid questionnaire response rate of 98.04％.The Mixed Logit Model analysis indicated that key attributes-communication timing,communication form,family participation in ACP communication,legal validity of ACP documents,and out-of-pocket costs-significantly influenced preferences(P＜0.05).Willingness-to-pay analysis showed that changes in communication timing,communication form,and family participation altered patients' willingness to pay.Relative importance analysis ranked the top 3 attributes as commu-nication timing,communication form,and family participation.Subgroup analysis revealed that gender,education level,and residence location affected preferences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Key attributes of ACP communication affect elderly hospitalized patients' preferences and willingness to pay,with variations across subgroups.Healthcare professionals should develop optimal communication programs based on patient preferences and individual characteristics.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and impact on the quality of life of elderly patients of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL)and retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS)in the treatment of unilateral upper ureteral calculi larger than 1.0 cm in diameter.Methods:A total of 104 patients were prospectively collected from January 2021 to December 2022 in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 88 patients were finally included, 32 patients in the MPCNL group and 56 patients in the RIRS group, and the independent samples t-test, χ2 test, or Fisher's exact probability method were used to compare the differences in the general information, stone characteristics, and intraoperative and postoperative indexes between the two groups, and the quality-of-life scores were applied with the SF-36 Health Survey form. Results:There were no significant differences in age[(67.52±7.41)years and(67.38±7.25)years], gender[male/female: 19/13 cases and 36/20 cases], body mass index[(23.74±2.93)kg/m 2 and(23.70±2.57)], stone location(left/right: 20/12 cases and 38/18 cases), degree of hydronephrosis(mild/moderate/severe: 9/20/3 cases and 16/38/2 cases), stone maximum diameter[(14.12±3.69)mm and(13.34±2.99)mm], stone CT values[(1 035.7±275.7)HU and(973.3±253.8)HU]and postoperative complications[15.6%(5/32)and 14.3%(8/56)]between the two groups of patients( P>0.05).However, there were significant difference in stone clearance rate[96.9%(31/32) vs.80.4%(45/56)], and the operation time[(44.44±9.91)min vs.(54.69±11.94)min]between the two groups.The hospital stay in the RIRS group was shorter than that in the MPCNL group[(5.27±2.27)d vs.(8.00±2.19)d, P<0.05].There was no significant difference in the scores of eight dimensions between the two groups before surgery( P<0.05).At the day of discharge, patients in the MPCNL group had significantly lower mean scores than the RIRS group on six different subscales of the SF-36 questionnaire, namely, physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health.No differences in the mean scores for general health and vitality between the two groups were noted.In terms of SF-36 scores at one month after operation, the MPCNL group had lower scores in physical pain and social function than the RIRS group and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05).No differences in the mean scores for other domains at one month after operation between patients undergoing MPCNL and those undergoing RIRS were noted. Conclusions:For patients with unilateral upper ureteral calculi larger than 1.0 cm in diameter, MPCNL has higher stone-free rate and shorter operation time than RIRS, but longer hospitalization time, and MPCNL has a greater impact on the quality of life of patients with ureteral calculi than RIRS in many aspects.

Objective:To explore the causes of self-management dilemma in young and middle-aged patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis from the perspectives of nurses, patients and patient caregivers, in order to provide reference for developing self-management intervention plans that meet the needs of patients.Methods:Using the descriptive phenomenological methods from qualitative research, 15 patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis, six nurses and nine caregivers from the Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Ward of the Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University from November 2021 to December 2022 were selected for semi-structured in-depth interviews. The Colaizzi 7-step method was used to analyze and refine the theme.Results:Two main themes were extracted to explain the difficulties in self-management of young and middle-aged patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis. The internal reasons for the self-management dilemma included cognitive biases in the importance of self-management, limited access to self-management knowledge and negative attitudes towards self-behavior management, and the external reasons for self-management dilemma included insufficient inclusiveness of the external environment towards diseases, fear of disease progression, multiple burdens caused by diseases and busy work.Conclusions:Young and middle-aged patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis experience multiple difficulties in the process of self-management. Clinical medical staff should explore self-management models with contemporary characteristics, enhance patient self-management ability and quality of life, reduce disease recurrence rate.

Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship between microscopic pattern of blood stasis and renal pathological grade and related physical and chemical indexes in children with Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis(HSPN).Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 800 HSPN children from the medical records of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine.Laboratory indicators(blood routine test,urine routine test,coagulation test,liver function)and renal pathological indicators of them were collected.According to the severity of renal pathological microscopic lesions,the microscopic pattern of blood stasis was divided into three types,including choroidal discord,dead blood coagulation and intracarenal disease accumulation.The classification of renal microscopic pattern of blood stasis and the correlation between laboratory indexes and renal pathological index were analyzed by Spearman grade correlation and binary Logistic regression analysis.Results(ⅰ)There was no statistical difference of the distribution of the renal microscopic pattern of blood stasis in the different traditional Chinese medicine patterns.(ⅱ)There were significant differences in the contents or the grade of albumin and fibrinogen in the HSPN children with different microscopic pattern of blood stasis(all P＜0.05).(ⅲ)The maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve between fibrinogen and intracarenal disease accumulation was 0.594(95％CI from 0.540 to 0.633,P＜0.001);sensitivity was 0.447,specificity was 0.725;the best threshold on the ROC curve of 0.172 was 3.755 g/L.(ⅳ)There were positive correlations between the content of fibrinogen,ISKDC grade and Bohle A grade respectively with the scores of intracarenal disease accumulation type(r=0.176,r=0.315,r=0.656;all P＜0.001).(ⅴ)There were positive correlations between the content of fibrinogen,ISKDC grade and Bohle A grade respectively with the renal microscopic pattern of blood stasis(r=0.157,r=0.377,r=0.429;all P＜0.001).Conclusion The microscopic renal pattern of blood stasis can not only reflect the severity of renal blood stasis,but also reflect the severity and long-term prognosis of renal diseases.Albumin and urinary protein grade can reflect the early stage of the microscopic renal pattern of the blood stasis(choroidal discord).The content of fibrinogen increases with the aggravation of renal microscopic pattern of blood stasis,reflecting the end-stage of HSPN,which has the correlation with the formation and severity of related indexes.Fibrinogen can be used as a laboratory indicator to assist in the diagnosis of irreversible lesionsin the renal pathology of HSPN children.

Objective To investigate the syndrome differentiation characteristics of children with atopic dermatitis(AD)and the immune imbalance status in children with different syndrome types of AD.Methods A total of 159 AD children and 100 normal control children were enrolled.The peripheral blood eosinophil(Eo)count was measured by impedance method,total serum immunoglobulin E(IgE)by immunoturbidimetric assay,and interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-5(IL-5)and interleukin-17(IL-17)were measured by multiple microspheres flow immunofluorescence assay.Results Among 159 AD children,syndrome of heart-fire and spleen-deficiency was most commom,accounting for 38.4%,followed by syndrome of blood-deficiency and wind-dryness(22.0%),syndrome of heat accumulation in heart and spleen(20.1%)and syndrome of spleen-deficiency and dampness-accumulation(19.5%).Compared with normal control group,there was no significant difference in serum IFN-γ level among different syndrome types of AD.The levels of peripheral blood Eo,serum total IgE,IL-4 and IL-17 in AD with heart-fire and spleen-deficiency syndrome were significantly increased(P<0.05).The levels of peripheral blood Eo,IL-4,IL-5 and IL-17 in AD with blood-deficiency and wind-dryness syndrome were significantly increased(P<0.05).The levels of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-17 in AD with heat accumulation in heart and spleen syndrome were significantly increased(P<0.05).The levels of peripheral blood Eo and serum IL-4 in AD with spleen-deficiency and dampness-accumulation syndrome were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Heart-fire and spleen-deficiency syndrome is the most common type in children with AD,however,the main type under 3 years old is heat accumulation in heart and spleen syndrome.Th2/Th17 immune imbalance are the main pathogenesis in heart-fire and spleen-deficiency syndrome,blood-deficiency and wind-dryness syndrome and heat accumulation in heart and spleen syndrome,and Th2 immune imbalance is the main pathogenesis of spleen-deficiency and dampness-accumulation syndrome.

Objective:To explore the value of 5G-based robotic remote ultrasound diagnosis system in musculoskeletal joint injuries.Methods:From March to December 2020, 58 volunteers at a training base who felt musculoskeletal pain or paresthesia were selected and performed both robotic remote ultrasound (remote ultrasound group) and conventional ultrasound (portable ultrasound group). The two types of examinations were compared, the consistency of the two diagnosis results was analyzed by the Kappa test, and the the difference of the diagnosis results was compared by McNemar test.Results:Among the 58 volunteers, 40 cases were positive by both methods and 11 volunteers had 2-3 positive results. There were 59 positive results in the remote ultrasound group and 64 positive results in the portable ultrasound group. The positive rate of the examination sites from high to low was knee joint>foot and ankle joint >hand and wrist joint >shoulder joint>elbow joint, calf and hip. The diagnosis results of the two groups were in good consistency (Kappa=0.782, P<0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference in the diagnosis results between the two groups (χ 2=3.2, P=0.063). Five more diseases with positive results were detected in the portable ultrasound group: 1 meniscus injury, 1 medial collateral ligament injury, 1 soft tissue injury around the metatarsal, 1 biceps tendinitis with effusion and 1 cubital ulnar nerve subluxation. Conclusions:The 5G-based robotic remote ultrasound system has good consistency with conventional ultrasound in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal injures. It can be applied to the ultrasound diagnosis of musculoskeletal joint injuries in remote areas.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and genetic basis for a child featuring elevated creatine kinase (CK).Methods:Next-generation sequencing (muscular dystrophy-related gene panel) was carried out for the proband. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing of the child and his parents.Results:The child was found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the FKTN gene, including a missense c. 536G>C (p.R179T) variant from his father and a non-frameshift c. 1299_1301delGTG (p.W434del) variant from his mother. Both variants were predicted to be pathogenic. Conclusion:The compound heterozygous variants of the FKTN gene probably underlay the disease in this child. Above finding has expanded the mutation spectrum of congenital muscular dystrophy.

Objective:To provide references for the aeromedical qualification of flying personnel with myocardial bridges by retrospectively analysising the clinical characteristics and aeromedical qualification results.Methods:The clinical characteristics and aeromedical qualification of military flying personnel who underwent coronary angiography examinations and diagnosed as myocardial bridges in Air Force Medical Center from January of 2010 to January of 2020 were compared and analyzed.Results:A total of 84 segments of myocardial bridge diseases were detected in 79 flying personnel diagnosed as myocardial bridges located in the left coronary artery system, of which the middle segment of the left anterior descending artery accounted for 73.81% (62/84). A total of 77 single-segment myocardial bridges occurred in the anterior descending artery in 79 flying personnel diagnosed as myocardial bridges, of which 28 cases were combined with atherosclerotic lesions of the anterior descending artery. The areomedical qualification concluded that 49 cases were qualified for flight, 27 cases were temporarily disqualified, and 3 cases were disqualified. There were significant differences in treadmill exercise results and myocardial ischemia between the qualified and temporarily disqualified groups ( χ2 =7.902, 7.832, both P=0.005). Conclusions:Myocardial bridges in military flying personnel mainly occurs in the middle of the left anterior descending artery, which is easy to merge with proximal coronary atherosclerotic lesions, and the existing clinical evaluation indicators are not accurate enough, and the basis for areomedical qualification needs to be further improved.