Objective:To investigate the myocardial protective effect of extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) combined with sulfur hexafluoride microbubble post-conditioning on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in rats, and to provide theoretical support for clinical treatment of MI/RI.Methods:A total of 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation group (Sham group), MI/RI group (IR group), CSWT group (IR+ SW group), and CSWT combined with sulfur hexafluoride microbubble treatment group (IR+ SW+ MB group), with 8 rats in each group. Therapeutic intervention was performed in IR+ SW group and IR+ SW+ MB group on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after modeling. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) of the rats were measured by echocardiography before and after treatment. On the 7th day, myocardial fibrosis was assessed by Masson staining, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining. The myocardial apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, BAX, Cleaved-Caspase-3 and Cleaved-Caspase-9 in the infarct boundary area were detected by Western blot. The differences of the above indexes among different groups were compared.Results:①There was no significant change in heart rhythm and heart rate among the groups before and after treatment, and there was no significant difference in heart rate ( P>0.05). ②The echocardiographic results after treatment showed that, compared with IR group, LVEDD and LVESD in IR+ SW group and IR+ SW+ MB group decreased in turn, while LVEF and LVFS increased in turn with significant differences between each two groups (all P<0.05). ③Compared with IR group, the degrees of myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis in IR+ SW group and IR+ SW+ MB group were alleviated in turn, and the relief in IR+ SW+ MB group was the most obvious. Quantitative analysis showed that compared with IR group, the proportions of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in IR+ SW group and IR+ SW+ MB group decreased in turn, and there were significant differences between each two groups (all P<0.05). ④The results of Western blot detection showed that compared with IR group, the levels of Bcl-2 in IR+ SW group and IR+ SW+ MB group increased in turn, while the levels of BAX and the activation level of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 protein decreased in turn. These differences were all statistically significant between each two groups (all P<0.05) except for the activation level of Caspase-3 protein between IR+ SW group and IR+ SW+ MB group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:CSWT combined with sulfur hexafluoride microbubble therapy can improve left ventricular remodeling and left ventricular systolic function by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the related factors of early neurological deterioration in elderly patients with thrombolysis for acute occlusive stroke of large intracranial vessels. Methods Clinical materials of 480 elderly patients with thrombolysis for acute occlusive stroke of large intracranial vessels were retrospectively analyzed. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate the neurological function of patients within 72 hours after thrombectomy, and the patients were divided into deterioration group and non-deterioration group. The baseline materials were compared between the two groups, the factors of early neurological deterioration were analyzed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of risk. Results Among 480 elderly patients with thrombolysis for acute occlusive stroke of large intracranial vessels, 92 cases (19.17%) had early neurological deterioration; the blood glucose level, white blood cell count, incidence of dysphagia, and incidence of coma in the deterioration group were significantly higher than those in the non-deterioration group (P < 0.05); the Logistic regression analysis showed that high level of blood glucose (95%CI, 1.203 to 1.478), high level of white blood cell count (95%CI, 1.159 to 1.408), dysphagia (95%CI, 7.049 to 31.475), and coma (95%CI, 8.375 to 43.195) were risk factors for early neurological deterioration in elderly patients with thrombolysis for acute occlusive stroke of large intracranial vessels (OR>1, P < 0.05). ROC curve results showed that blood glucose, white blood cell count, dysphagia, and coma had certain predictive value for early neurological deterioration in elderly patients with thrombolysis for acute occlusive stroke of large intracranial vessels[the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.733, 0.708, 0.707 and 0.701]; the ROC curve showed AUC was 0.934, indicating that the model was reliable and stable. Conclusion Early neurological deterioration in elderly patients with thrombolysis for acute occlusive stroke of large intracranial vessels may be related to factors such as blood glucose, white blood cell count, dysphagia, and coma. Early risk assessment and relevant intervention measures can be taken clinically to improve prognosis.

Understanding the connection between brain and behavior in animals requires precise monitoring of their behaviors in three-dimensional (3-D) space. However, there is no available three-dimensional behavior capture system that focuses on rodents. Here, we present MouseVenue3D, an automated and low-cost system for the efficient capture of 3-D skeleton trajectories in markerless rodents. We improved the most time-consuming step in 3-D behavior capturing by developing an automatic calibration module. Then, we validated this process in behavior recognition tasks, and showed that 3-D behavioral data achieved higher accuracy than 2-D data. Subsequently, MouseVenue3D was combined with fast high-resolution miniature two-photon microscopy for synchronous neural recording and behavioral tracking in the freely-moving mouse. Finally, we successfully decoded spontaneous neuronal activity from the 3-D behavior of mice. Our findings reveal that subtle, spontaneous behavior modules are strongly correlated with spontaneous neuronal activity patterns.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Mice ; Neuroimaging ; Rodentia

Measuring eye movement is a fundamental approach in cognitive science as it provides a variety of insightful parameters that reflect brain states such as visual attention and emotions. Combining eye-tracking with multimodal neural recordings or manipulation techniques is beneficial for understanding the neural substrates of cognitive function. Many commercially-available and custom-built systems have been widely applied to awake, head-fixed small animals. However, the existing eye-tracking systems used in freely-moving animals are still limited in terms of their compatibility with other devices and of the algorithm used to detect eye movements. Here, we report a novel system that integrates a general-purpose, easily compatible eye-tracking hardware with a robust eye feature-detection algorithm. With ultra-light hardware and a detachable design, the system allows for more implants to be added to the animal's exposed head and has a precise synchronization module to coordinate with other neural implants. Moreover, we systematically compared the performance of existing commonly-used pupil-detection approaches, and demonstrated that the proposed adaptive pupil feature-detection algorithm allows the analysis of more complex and dynamic eye-tracking data in free-moving animals. Synchronized eye-tracking and electroencephalogram recordings, as well as algorithm validation under five noise conditions, suggested that our system is flexibly adaptable and can be combined with a wide range of neural manipulation and recording technologies.

Objective:To understand the sleep quality and mental health status of nurses in public health emergencies, and analyze the correlation between them.Methods:A total of 128 first-line nursing staff participating in public health emergencies on February 22-23, 2020 in Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital were investigated by the general data questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90).Results:70.3%(90/128) of nursing staff had poor sleep quality, and the total score of PSQI was (9.71±4.01) points, which was statistically significant compared with the domestic norm ( t value was 16.479, P<0.01). The total score of SCL-90 was 1.59±0.52, which was statistically significant compared with the domestic norm ratio ( t value was 4.505, P<0.01). One-way ANOVA showed that the nursing staff's age had a significant impact on sleep quality, and the difference was statistically significant ( F value was 4.092, P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Pittsburgh sleep quality scale index scores and symptom self-assessment scale and somatization, force, sensitive interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, hostile, terrorist, paranoia, and psychosis were positively correlated( r values were 0.292-0.444, P< 0.01). Conclusions:The sleep quality and mental health status of nurses in public health emergencies are poor, and the sleep quality is correlated with mental health status.

Objective:To explore the effect of Plantaginis semen on the expressions of AQP4 gene and protein in small intestine of diarrhea rats. Methods:Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, hydrochlorothiazide group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose Plantaginis semen groups. Intragastric administration of Senna (20 ml/kg) was implemented in the morning for 5 groups except the normal group. The rats in the low-, medium-, and high-dose Plantaginis semen groups were intragastrically administered with 0.95, 1.9, 3.8 g/kg Plantaginis semen formula granule solution, while the rats in hydrochlorothiazide group were given hydrochlorothiazide suspension 9 mg/kg by gavage according to 1 ml/100 g body weight for 14 days. The loose stool rate, average ranking of loose stool, and diarrhea index were compared according to the fecal traits and stool times after 14 days of treatment, and the small intesine tissue were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to observe the pathological morphological changes in small intestine, and Quantiative Real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the gene and protein expressions of AQP4. Results:Compared with the model group, the loose stool rate (50.89% ± 6.17%, 41.14% ± 4.48%, 36.37% ± 4.81 % vs. 67.45% ± 7.35%), the average ranking of loose stool (2.16 ± 0.34, 1.73 ± 0.28, 1.52 ± 0.25 vs. 2.63 ± 0.29), and the diarrhea index (1.10 ± 0.19, 0.71 ± 0.11, 0.57 ± 0.12 vs. 1.77 ± 0.24) of rats in each group of Plantaginis semen significantly decreased ( P<0.05); the degree of intestinal mucosal injury, hyperemia and neutrophil infiltration were alleviated; the expressions of AQP4 mRNA (0.48 ± 0.10, 0.69 ± 0.12, 0.97 ± 0.15 vs. 0.21 ± 0.03), and the protein of AQP4 (0.59 ± 0.08, 0.64 ± 0.09, 0.78 ± 0.11 vs. 0.32 ± 0.05) in the small intestine tissue of Plantaginis semen groups significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Plantaginis semen has antidiarrheal effect, and its mechanism is related to up-regulation the gene and protein expressions of AQP4, addition of water absorption and promotion of water and fluid metabolism.

Large population-based cohort study is an important resource for population disease prevention and control, the results of which provide scientific basis for individualized treatment and precise prevention, and it is also the key strategic content of precision medicine. The Chinese Preventive Medicine Association coordinated experienced researchers from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and other professional institutes to write up the group standard entitled Technical specification of management for field investigation in large population-based cohort study (T/CPMA 001-2019). Based on the research of large population-based cohort study in China and the principle of scientific, normative, applicable, and feasible, the standard proposed six aspects of management requirements including institutional arrangement, personnel composition, equipment, materials, documents and finance, as well as the basic requirements of the on-site investigation, the requirements of each position and the overall quality control requirements, etc.. The standard aims to guide the large population-based cohorts that have been or intended to be established in China, including national cohorts, regional population cohorts, and special population cohorts, hence to improve scientific research level, accelerate scientific research output and provide localization basis for disease prevention and control in China.

Objective To investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning on autophagy and learning and memory impairment in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury by P38MAPK.Methods Ninty-six rats were randomly divided into sham group ( Sham group), cerebral ischemia reperfusion group ( CIR group),cerebral ischemic postconditioning group ( CIP group) and cerebral ischemic postconditioning com-bined with SB203580 group (CIP + SB203580 group),and 24 rats in each group. The rat model of cerebral ischemia was established by Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion. The learning and memory abilities of rats were measured by Morris water maze. HE staining were used to detect the morphological changes of hippocampal neurons. The phosphorylation of P38MAPK and Beclin-1,LC3-Ⅱexpression were observed by immunohisto-chemistry. Results Compared with the Sham group,the number of crossing the platform decreased(24 h: (3.04±0.20)times),and the escape latency was longer in CIR group(24 h:(58.38±1.52) s) (all P＜0.05). The number of survival neurons reduced (24 h:70.93±1.86),and the expression of P38MAPK,LC3-Ⅱ,Bec-lin-1 in immunohistochemistry were increased in CIR group(all P＜0.05). Compared with CIR group,the number of crossing the platform at each time point increased (24 h:(5.46±0.50)times),the escape latency was shorter (24 h:(52.42±1.53)s),the number of survival neurons increased at each time point(24 h:(83.07±5.30)) and the expression level of P38MAPK decreased in the CIP group,while the expression lev-el of LC3-II,Beclin-1 increased (all P＜0.05).Compared with the CIP group,the number of crossing the plat-form((24 h:(7.13±0.33)times),the escape latency was shorter (24 h:(48.04±1.39)s),the number of survival neurons increased at each time point(24 h:(91.40±1.74)),and the expression of P38MAPK was down-regulated,while the expression of LC3-II,Beclin-1 were up-regulated in CIP +SB203580 group(all P＜0.05). Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning can improve learning and memory impairment in rats with is-chemia-reperfusion injury by P38MAPK regulating autophagy.

Objective To assess the effect of ischemic postconditioning on the Notch1 signaling pathway,and learning and memory in rats with global cerebral ischemia.Methods A total of 128 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation (sham),whole-brain ischemia(CIR),ischemic treatment(CIP),and inhibitor(DAPT) groups,with 32 rats in each group.A global cerebral ischemia model was generated using the modified Pulsinelli's four-vascular occlusion model,and the inhibitor group was injected intraperitoneally with gamma secretase inhibitors (DAPT) before ischemic treatment.Rats' learning and memory function results from the Morris water maze test were assessed by observing the changes in hippocampal CA1 neurons with HE staining.The expression of Notch1 in the CA1 area of the hippocampus was assessed using immunohistochemical and Western blotting methods in rats.Results Compared with the sham group,the hippocampal cell survival rate in the CIR group decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05) and the expression level of Notch1 increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the CIR group,the CIP group revealed a significantly higher hippocampal cell survival rate (P ＜ 0.05) and an increase in Notch 1 expression (P ＜ 0.05);compared with the CIP group,the hippocampal cell survival rate significantly decreased after DAPT administration (P ＜ 0.05) and Notch1 expression decreased significantly.Conclusion Ischemic postconditioning can promote the recovery of learning and memory ability,which may relate to the activation of the Notch 1 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate synergistic effects of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3-K) pathway inhibitors on autophagy in the hippocampus of rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH),for identification of therapeutic targets in SAH.Methods Totally,200 male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operated group,SAH group,inhibitor U0126 group,inhibitor LY294002 group,and a U0126+ LY294002 group.Animal models were established by injecting autologous blood twice into the cisterna magna.Morphological changes in the hippocampus nerve cells were detected by HE staining;ERK1/2,PI3-K,beclin-1,and LC3 mRNA expression in the hippocampus were detected by real-time PCR,and phosphorylated ERK 1/2,PI3-K,beclin-1,and LC3-Ⅱ protein expression were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Neuronal death rate and phosphorylated ERK1/2,PI3-K,beclin-1,and LC3-Ⅱ levels in the hippocampus in the SAH group were higher than in the sham group (all P ＜ 0.05).Neuronal death rate in U0126 or LY294002 group was higher than in SAH group,while ERK1/2,PI3-K,beclin-1,and LC3 mRNA and phosphorylated ERK 1/2,PI3-K,beclin-1,and LC3-Ⅱ protein levels were lower than in SAH group (all P ＜ 0.05).Neuronal death rate in U0126 +LY294002 group was higher than in U0126 or LY294002 group,while ERK1/2,PI3-K,beclin-1,LC3 mRNA and phosphorylated ERK 1/2,PI3-K,beclin-1,and LC3-Ⅱ protein levels in the hippocampus were lower than in U0126 or LY294002 group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Co-targeting the inhibition of ERK 1/2 and PI3-K pathways can significantly reduce neuronal cell autophagy and aggravate cells loss after SAH.