OBJECTIVE To provide a scientific basis for the quality evaluation and clinical application of Qingwen hufei granules. METHODS Fourteen batches of Qingwen hufei granules were used as samples to establish high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprints using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 Edition）. The chromatographic peaks were identified and the similarity was evaluated. Cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA）， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to conduct chemical pattern recognition analysis on the 14 batches of samples. Meanwhile， the contents of neochlorogenic acid （NGA）， chlorogenic acid （CHA）， cryptochlorogenic acid （CGA）， forsythoside A （FTA）， 3，5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid （3，5-O- DA）， 4，5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid （4，5-O-DA）， and angoroside C （AGC） in the samples were determined by HPLC. RESULTS The methodological investigation results of both the fingerprint and the content determination complied with the relevant requirements. Fourteen common peaks were indicated in the HPLC fingerprints of the 14 batches of samples， and 7 of them were identified [NGA （peak 2）， CHA （peak 3）， CGA （peak 5）， FTA （peak 11）， 3，5-O-DA （peak 12）， 4，5-O-DA （peak 13）， and AGC （peak 14）]； the similarity of each sample was greater than 0.94. The results of CA and PCA showed that the samples could be classified into 3 categories； the results of OPLS-DA indicated that peak 4 （unknown）， peak 11 （FTA）， peak 8 （unknown）， peak 9 （unknown）， and peak 1 （unknown） were the differential components. The content ranges of NGA， CHA， CGA， 3，5-O-DA， FTA， 4，5-O-DA and AGC in the 14 batches of samples were 0.210 4-0.458 7， 0.269 1-0.506 3， 0.228 1-0.461 1， 0.443 9-1.044 6， 0.066 7-0.155 7， 0.062 8-0.143 8， and 0.057 4-0.105 7 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The HPLC fingerprint and multi-component content determination methods established in this study are efficient and reliable， and can be used for the quality evaluation of Qingwen hufei granules.

Objective: To analyze the temporal variation patterns of sickness absenteeism among primary and secondary school students in Shanghai, so as to explore models suitable for predicting peaks and intensity of absenteeism rates. Methods: The seasonal and trend decomposition using loess (STL) method was used to analyze the seasonal and long term trend changes in sickness absenteeism among primary and secondary school students from September 1 in 2010 to June 30 in 2018, in Shanghai. A hierarchical clustering method based on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) was employed to classify absenteeism symptoms with similar temporal patterns. Based on historical data, the study constructed and evaluated different time series algorithms and machine learning models to optimize the accuracy of predicting the trend of sickness absenteeism. Results: During the research period, the average new absenteeism rate due to illness was 16.86 per 10 000 person day for every academic year, and the trend of sickness absenteeism exhibited both seasonality and a long term upward trend, reaching its highest point in the 2017 academic year (22.47 per 10 000 person day). The symptoms of absenteeism were divided into three categories: high incidence in winter and spring (respiratory symptoms, fever and general discomfort, etc.), high incidence in summer (eye symptoms, nosebleeds, etc.) and those without obvious seasonality (skin symptoms, accidental injuries, etc.).The constructed time series models effectively predicted the trend of absenteeism due to illness, although the accuracy of predicting peak intensity was relatively low. Among them, the multi layer perceptron (MLP) model performed the best, with an root mean squared error (RMSE) of 8.96 and an mean absolute error (MAE) of 4.37, reducing 36.51% and 39.02% compared to the baseline model. Conclusion Time series models and machine learning algorithms could effectively predict the trend of sickness absenteeism, and corresponding prevention and control measures can be taken for absenteeism caused by different symptoms during peak periods.

Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted much attention because of their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. The microbial reduction of selenium salts to SeNPs has great potential, while there is a lack of elite strains. In this study, we explored the reduction of Na₂SeO₃ by Streptomyces avermitilis into SeNPs. The colonies and hyphae of the strain and the synthesized SeNPs were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At the same time, the inhibitory activity of SeNPs on Fusarium oxysporum, the main pathogen causing root rot of Lycium barbarum, was studied. The results showed that S. avermitilis converted Na₂SeO₃ into SeNPs and tolerated 300 mmol/L Na₂SeO₃, demonstrating strong tolerance. S. avermitilis synthesized spherical SeNPs in the cytoplasm, and most of SeNPs had a diameter of about 100 nm and were released by hyphal fracture. The SeNPs synthesized by S. avermitilis were amorphous, and their surfaces were dominated by C and Se, with the existence of O, N and other elements. SeNPs had functional groups such as -OH, C=O, C-N, and C-H, which were closely related to the stability and biological activity of SeNPs. The SeNPs synthesized by S. avermitilis showcased significant inhibitory activity on F. oxysporum, and 25.0 μmol/mL SeNPs showcased the inhibition rate of 77.61% and EC₅₀ of 0.556 μmol/mL. In conclusion, S. avermitilis can tolerate high Na₂SeO₃ stress and mediate the synthesis of SeNPs. The synthesized SeNPs have good stability and strong inhibitory activity, demonstrating the potential application value in the preparation of SeNPs and the control of L. barbarum root rot.
Streptomyces/metabolism* ; Fusarium/drug effects* ; Lycium/microbiology* ; Selenium/metabolism* ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Plant Diseases/microbiology* ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*

Objective: To explore the current status and associated factors of bullying behavior among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a reference basis for carrying out bullying intervention work. Methods: From May to June 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 19 000 middle school students from 63 schools in 16 districts of Shanghai, and the Shanghai Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire was used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey of enrolled students. Chi square test and binary Logistic regression analysis were employed to investigate the associated factors of bullying among middle school students. Results: The prevalence of bullying behaviors in Shanghai was 15.5%, with males and junior high school students exhibiting the higher reporting rate(19.5%,17.2%). And malicious teasing or name calling had the highest reported rate at 9.4%. The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that fighting ( OR =5.02), attempting to smoke ( OR =3.22), having a feeling of sadness and hopelessness ( OR =2.50) and getting drunk( OR =1.72) were positively associated with bullying behavior among middle school students. Fighting ( OR =3.83-8.97), attempting to smoke ( OR =2.92-5.52), having a feeling of sadness and hopelessness ( OR =2.40-4.34), and getting drunk ( OR =1.66-2.34) were positively correlated with 6 forms of bullying (malicious teasing or name calling, intentionally damaging someone else s belongings, deliberately excluding someone from activities or isolating someone, threatening or intimidating others, hitting, kicking, or pushing someone, and verbally harassing or attacking someone online) ( P <0.05). Conclusions Bullying behavior of middle school students in Shanghai primarily presents as verbal harassment. In the future, greater attention should be directed towards bullies, and it should recognize potential hazards promptly and implement precise intervention measures.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of myricetin(Myr) on immune function in rats with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) by regulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. METHODS IBD rat models were established and separated into control group, model group, low, medium, and high dose Myr(Myr-L, Myr-M, Myr-H, 28, 56, 112 mg·kg−1·d−1 Myr) groups, and high dose Myr+PKA inhibitor H89(Myr-H+H89 112 mg·kg−1·d−1 Myr+7 mg·kg−1·d−1 H89) group. The disease activity index(DAI) of rats was scored; immune function indicators and colon length were measured; the levels of IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, and cAMP in serum were determined by the kit; the pathological changes of colon tissue were observed by HE staining; the proportion of Treg cells was determined by flow cytometry; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MPO in colon tissue; Western blotting was used to determine cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway related proteins. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the colon tissue cells in the model group were disorderly arranged, with a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, severe ulceration, a large number of cell necrosis, mucosal edema, the DAI score, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17A levels, spleen coefficient, thymus coefficient, and MPO optical density values were obviously increased(P<0.05), the colon length, Treg cell ratio, cAMP concentration, p-PKA/PKA, and p-CREB/CREB levels were obviously reduced(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the arrangement of colon tissue cells in the Myr-L, Myr-M, and Myr-H groups was relatively neat; mucosal edema inflammatory cell infiltration, cell necrosis and ulcer phenomenon were reduced; the DAI score, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17A levels, spleen coefficient, thymus coefficient, and MPO optical density values were gradually reduced(P<0.05); the colon length, Treg cell ratio, cAMP concentration, p-PKA/PKA, and p-CREB/CREB levels were gradually increased(P<0.05). Compared with the Myr-H group, the pathological changes in the colon tissue of the Myr-H+H89 group worsened, the DAI score, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17A levels, spleen coefficient, thymus coefficient, and MPO optical density values were obviously increased(P<0.05), the colon length, Treg cell ratio, cAMP concentration, p-PKA/PKA, and p-CREB/CREB levels were obviously reduced(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Myr may inhibit inflammation levels, regulate immune function, and exert protective effects on IBD rats by activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.

AIM:To evaluate corrective effect and stability of corneal morphology in patients with moderate to high myopia after 2a treatment of femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)Xtra.METHODS:Retrospective case-control study. A total of 30 cases(58 eyes)Patients with moderate to high myopia combined with astigmatism who planned to undergo refractive surgery in our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 were included, and different types of surgery were performed respectively based on the relevant index of keratoconus screening in the preoperative corneal topography. They were divided into FS-LASIK group and Xtra group, with 15 cases(29 eyes)in each group. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical equivalent(SE)and the corneal curvature of the anterior and posterior surfaces of different diameters(3, 5 and 7 mm)measured by Sirius three-dimensional corneal topography were observed preoperatively and 3 mo, 1 and 2 a postoperatively.RESULTS: The UCVA of the two groups of patients at different time points after surgery was significantly increased compared with preoperatively(both P<0.01), and there was no difference in UCVA and SE between the two groups(P>0.05). After 2 a postoperatively, residual astigmatism was -0.25-0 D in 25 eyes(86%)of the FS-LASIK Xtra group and 24 eyes(83%)of the FS-LASIK group. The actual corrected SE and expected corrected SE of both groups were positively correlated(both P<0.05). There were differences in corneal curvature on the surface of different diameter areas(3, 5, and 7 mm)between the two groups at 3 mo, 1, and 2 a postoperatively compared with preoperatively. After 1 and 2 a postoperatively, the corneal posterior surface curvature of the FS-LASIK Xtra group with corneal diameter of 3 and 5 mm was higher than that of the FS-LASIK group(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:FS-LASIK Xtra has good safety, efficacy and predictability in correcting patients with moderate to high myopia.

Objective: To explore the association between dietary behaviors and sleep duration among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide reference for interventions targeting insufficient sleep. Methods: From May to June 2021, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select a sample of 10-17yearold middle school students for monitoring their healthrisk behaviors. A total of 5 538 valid questionnaires were collected. The survey included items such as daily sleep duration, weekly consumption of sugary beverages, freshly squeezed fruit juice, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, fried foods, milk and yogurt, breakfast habits, and frequency of eating outside. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chisquare test, Wilcoxon ranksum test, and multivariable Logistic regression model. Results: About 73.7% of middle school students reported insufficient sleep in Shanghai. There was a positive correlation between the average daily consumption of fresh fruits and breakfast consumption with sleep duration. In other words, a higher frequency of consuming fresh fruits (OR=1.29) and eating breakfast (OR=1.07) were associated with a higher likelihood of sufficient sleep. Conversely, there was a negative correlation between the frequency of consuming desserts (OR=0.78) and fried foods (OR=0.88) and sleep duration (P<0.05). Conclusions Increasing the consumption of fresh fruits and maintaining regular breakfast habits while reducing the intake of fried foods can contribute to achieving sufficient sleep among middle school students. When implementing interventions to improve sleep among middle school students, promoting healthy and balanced diets can be considered as one of the intervention strategies.

Objective: To understand the relationship between stress and Internet addiction among middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting students mental health and preventing Internet addiction. Methods: From May to June 2021, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 6 123 middle and high school students in Shanghai for health risk behavior monitoring. Daily Stressors Evaluation Scale for Urban Secondary School Students was used to evaluate students' stress, and the Internet Addiction Test compiled by Young was used to evaluate students Internet addiction. The correlation between student stress and Internet addiction was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H test , Chi square test and multiple Logistic regression. Results: Total stress score of middle school students in Shanghai was 24 (12, 39), academic stress score was 8 (5, 13), physical and psychological stress score was 6 (2, 10), interpersonal stress score was 5 (1, 9), and family stress score was 4 (1, 8). The detection rate of Internet addiction was 4.7%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of Internet addiction among middle school students with high levels of stress was 8.05 times(95% CI =4.59-14.12) that of students with low levels of stress( P <0.05). The risk of Internet addiction among middle school students with high levels of academic stress, physical and psychological stress, interpersonal stress and family stress was 5.98(95% CI =3.69-9.70), 6.92(95% CI =4.03-11.88), 4.85(95% CI =3.11-7.55), and 4.18(95% CI =2.73-6.40) times that of students with low levels of stress, respectively( P <0.05). Conclusion The academic stress, physical and psychological stress, interpersonal stress, and family stress among middle school students can all lead to an increased risk of Internet addiction.

Objective:To investigate the knowledge and practice of the Sixth Chinese national consensus report on the management of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection (treament excluded) (referred to as sixth national consensus)and 2022 Chinese national clinical practice guideline on H. pylori eradication treatment (referred to as guideline) among gastroenterologists in China, so as to provide out relevant training in the future. Methods:A questionnaire was designed according to sixth national consensus and guideline, including knowledge and practice of sixth national consensus and guideline, and the detection, indications of eradication, the relationship between infection and gastrointestinal microbiota, and eradication of H. pylori. From November 1 to 30 in 2023, the questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 1 506 gastroenterologists from secondary and tertiary hospitals of 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China with convenience sampling method using the "Questionnaire Star" online questionnaire platform and the questionnaire link was sent by WeChat. Descriptive methods were used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 1 442 valid questionnaires were collected. The awareness rate of sixth national consensus and guideline of gastroenterologists was 83.7% (1 207/1 442), and 47.2% (680/1 442) had read the relevant content in detail. Urea breath test (97.4%, 1 404/1 442) was the most commonly used method for diagnosing current H. pylori infection, however, more than half of the physicians chose serological test (53.3%, 769/1 442) for the diagnosis of current infection. The common indications of H. pylori eradication could be identified by 84.3%(1 215/1 442) of gastroenterologists. The most well-known eradication regimen was bismuth quadruple regimen (98.5%, 1 421/1 442), while some physicians still believed that the standard triple regimen (31.8%, 459/1 442) and sequential regimen (21.9%, 316/1 442) were recommended by the guideline. A further 20.2% (291/1 442) frequently prescribed a triple regimen combined with gastric mucosal protectants and the awareness rate of high-dose dual regimen was 59.1% (852/1 442). Amoxicillin + clarithromycin (65.4%, 943/1 442) and amoxicillin+ furazolidone (20.1%, 290/1 442) were commonly used antibiotic combinations in bismuth quadruple therapy. Potassium-competitive acid blockers and double-dose proton pump inhibitors were commonly used in bismuth quadruple therapy by 45.4% (655/1 442) and 46.0% (664/1 442) of physicians, respectively. For patients with multiple failed eradications, furazolidone was the most commonly used antibiotic for re-eradication(71.7%, 1 034/1 442). Conclusion:The knowledge and practice of gastroenterologists on H. pylori infection in China deviates from the new consensus and guideline, and more publicity and training should be carried out in future to improve the ability of gastroenterologists to standardise the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection.

As an active hydroxyanthraquinone ingredient, emodin is abundant in Chinese medicine herbs, such as Rheum palmatum, Polygonum cuspidatum and Polygonum multiflorum.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that emodin has a variety of pharmacological activities including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory, antibacterial and anti-viral effects, myocardial protection, neuroprotection, renal protection, bone protection, antifibrosis and so on, which indicate its high medicinal value and broad application prospects.This article aims to summarize the progress in the pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of emodin published in domestic and international journals over the last 5 years and highlight the potential targets and molecular signaling pathways linked with emodin, so as to provide some clues and references for further development and clinical application of emodin.