OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between styloid process related parameters and symptoms in patients with styloid process syndrome.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on the 3D reconstruction CT results of the styloid process in 68 patients diagnosed with styloid process syndrome who visited the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2010 to December 2024.The relationship between parameters such as styloid process length,angle,distance from styloid process tip to pharynx,and specific symptoms in patients with styloid process syndrome was analyzed.RESULTS Among 68 patients with styloid process syndrome,44 had unilateral symptoms and 24 had bilateral symptoms.The length of the styloid process on the symptomatic side of patients with unilateral symptoms(3.86±0.16)cm was significantly longer than that on the asymptomatic side(2.98±0.17)cm(Z=-2.191,P=0.028);The length of the styloid process on the side with severe symptoms in patients with bilateral symptoms(3.98±0.37)cm was also significantly longer than that in patients with mild symptoms(3.37±0.15)cm(t=2.448,P=0.024).Patients with styloid process syndrome mainly present with pharyngalgia(64.71%,44/68).There were no significant differences in the length,inclination angle,anteversion angle,and distance between the styloid process tip and the pharynx among those with unilateral pharyngalgia(n=29),bilateral pharyngalgia(n=15),and non pharyngalgia(n=24)(P>0.05).However,among the 68 patients with styloid syndrome,12 had calcification of the styloid hyoid ligament,while 56 did not.The incidence of unilateral pharyngalgia was significantly higher in patients with calcification of the styloid hyoid ligament than in patients without calcification(66.7%vs.35.7%,χ2=3.909,P=0.048).CONCLUSION The severity of symptoms in patients with styloid process syndrome is related to the length of the styloid process,and those with calcification of the styloid hyoid ligament are more likely to experience pharyngalgia.

AIM:To explore the expression and distribution of synaptic and extrasynaptic glutamate receptors under the action of amyloid β-protein 42 oligomers(Aβ42Os)in Alzheimer disease.METHODS:In vitro,primary neu-rons from neonatal mice were treated with different concentrations of Aβ42Os.In vivo,Aβ42Os were stereotaxically injected into the lateral ventricle of C57BL/6 mice.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of metabotropic gultamate re-ceptor 5(mGluR5)and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)subunits(NR2A,NR2B and NR1)in mouse primary neurons and mice.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the distribution of mGluR5 and NMDAR.Addi-tionally,Western blot was employed to examine the expression of mGluR5 downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(PKB/AKT)signaling pathway-related proteins,calcium signaling pathway-related proteins and synapse-related proteins in mouse hippocampal tissues.RESULTS:(1)High concentrations of Aβ42Os increased mGluR5 expression in mouse primary neurons,but reduced the expression of NR2A,NR2B and NR1(P<0.01).Treatment of pri-mary neurons with high concentration of Aβ42Os resulted in aggregation of mGluR5 on the membrane surface,and re-duced the expression of NR2A,NR2B and NR1 on the membrane surface.(2)High concentration of Aβ42Os increased the expression of synaptic mGluR5 in mouse hippocampal tissues(P<0.01),but reduced the expression of synaptic NR2A(P<0.05)and NR2B(P<0.01)and increased the expression of extrasynaptic NR2B(P<0.01).High concentration of Aβ42Os inhibited the expression of PI3K and the phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK),and overactivated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα(CaMKIIα).High concentration of Aβ42 decreased the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95,spinophilin,synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:(1)High concentrations of Aβ42Os increase mGluR5 expression and decrease NR2A,NR2B and NR1 expression in synapse,along with an increase in extrasynaptic NR2B.(2)High concentrations of Aβ42Os inhibit the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways,overactivated the CaMKIIα pathway,and destroyed the synaptic structures.

Objective:To assess the capability of seven reference medical laboratories to detect BCR::ABL1 p210 transcription levels and to compare the results among those laboratories.Methods:The interlaboratory comparison was carried out in two stages. The samples were prepared by the reference laboratory. The quantitative values of BCR::ABL1 p210 of the comparison samples covered 0.001%-0.01%, 0.01%-0.1%, 0.1%-1%, 1%-10% and>10% in each stage. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and dPCR (digital PCR) were used to examine the samples. The conversion factor (CF) was calculated and validated for each laboratory.Results:In the RT-PCR comparison, one laboratory was failed to detect BCR::ABL1 p210 in fourteen samples at the first stage. The results of the other six laboratories were qualified with the bias <±1.2 folds (-0.133-0.338) and 95% limits of agreement within ±5 folds (upper limit 0.147-0.785, lower limit -0.770--0.109), and the corresponding CF values were calculated and validated. In the dPCR comparison, one laboratory did not report results at the second stage. The results of the other six laboratories were qualified with the bias <±1.2 folds (-0.026-0.267) and 95% limits of agreement within±5 folds (upper limit 0.084-0.991, lower limit -0.669--0.135), and the corresponding CF values were calculated and validated. The samples with BCR::ABL1 p210 quantitative values of 0.01%-0.1%, 0.1%-1%, 1%-10% and >10% could be detected by both RT-PCR and qPCR. When the quantitative value of BCR::ABL1 p210 was 0.001%-0.01%, the detection rate of dPCR was higher than that of RT-PCR (85.56% vs. 68.00%).Conclusions:A good consistency is present among various laboratories. The quantitative value of BCR::ABL1 p210 is comparable among laboratories as shown by the CF value conversion. For quantitative detection of BCR::ABL1 p210 deep molecular reaction, dPCR has a higher positive detection rate and more advantages than RT-PCR. To ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of the BCR::ABL1 p210 test, it is imperative for every laboratory to enhance their daily quality control practices.

Hip fractures are among the most common fractures in the elderly, presenting to be a leading cause of disability and mortality. Surgical treatment is currently the main treatment method for hip fractures. The incidence of perioperative malnutrition is increased after hip fractures in the elderly due to the comorbidities, decreased basal metabolic rate, accelerated protein breakdown, weakened anabolism and surgical stress. However, malnutrition not only increases the incidence of postoperative complications, but also leads to increased mortality, indicating an important role of perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. At present, there still lacks scientific guidance and application standards on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. Therefore, the Orthopedic Nursing Committee of Chinese Nursing Association and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Expert consensus on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for elderly patients with hip fractures ( version 2023) according to evidence-based medical evidences and their clinical experiences. Fourteen recommendations were made from aspects of nutrition screening, nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention and nutrition monitoring to provide guidance for perioperative nursing management of nutrition in elderly patients with hip fractures.

【Objective】 To construct a prediction model of severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk in the general population by using nomogram in order to explore the independent risk factors of severe OSA and guide the early diagnosis and treatment. 【Methods】 We retrospectively enrolled patients who had been diagnosed by polysomnography and divided them into training and validation sets at the ratio of 7∶3. Patients were divided into severe OSA group and non-severe OSA group according to apnea hypopnea index (AHI)>30. Variables entering the model were identified by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model (Lasso), and logistic regression (LR) method. Then, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to establish the nomogram, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the discriminative properties of the nomogram model. Finally, we conducted decision curve analysis (DCA) of nomogram model, STOP-Bang questionnaire and Berlin questionnaire to assess clinical utility. 【Results】 Through single factor and multiple factor logistic regression analyses, the independent risk factors for severe OSA were screened out, including moderate and severe sleepiness, family history of hypertension, history of smoking, drinking, snoring, history of suffocation, sedentary lifestyle, male, age, body mass index (BMI), waist and neck circumference. Lasso logistic regression identified smoke, suffocation time, snoring time, waistline, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and BMI as predictive factors for inclusion in the nomogram. The AUC of the model was 0.795 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.769-0.820] . Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated that the model was well calibrated (χ²=3.942, P=0.862). The DCA results on the visual basis confirmed that the nomogram had superior overall net benefits within a wide, practical threshold probability range which displayed the nomogram was higher than that of STOP-Bang questionnaire and Berlin questionnaire, which is clinically useful. The Clinical Impact Curve (CIC) analysis showed the clinical effectiveness of the prediction model when the threshold probability was greater than 82% of the predicted score probability value. The prediction model determined that the high-risk population with severe OSA was highly matched with the actual population with severe OSA, which confirmed the high clinical effectiveness of the prediction model. 【Conclusion】 The model performed better than STOP-Bang questionnaire and Berlin questionnaire in predicting severe OSA and can be applied to screening. And it can be helpful to the early diagnosis and treatment of OSA in order to reduce social burden.

Objective:To investigate whether hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) mediates the podocyte injury through reactive oxygen species (ROS) /nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway.Methods:HBx-overexpressing lentivirus was transfected into renal podocytes of mouse to mimic the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis. Podocytes were divided into the following five groups: blank control group (no special treatment), negative control group (transfected with control lentivirus), HBx overexpression group (transfected with HBx overexpression lentivirus), HBx overexpression+NLRP3 siRNA group (transfected with HBx overexpression lentivirus and NLRP3 siRNA), and HBx overexpression+ROS inhibitor group (transfected with HBx overexpression lentivirus and adding ROS inhibitor). The morphological changes of podocytes were observed with electron microscope. The generation of ROS was detected by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay (DCFH-DA). Hoechst 33342 staining was used to observe the morphological and quantitative changes of podocyte nuclei. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect caspase-1 activity, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of mRNA and protein of pyroptosis-related protein, such as NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing card (ASC), caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18. TUNEL staining and flow cytometer were used to detect the number of pyroptosis cells. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression levels of desmin and nephrin.Results:After successful infection of podocytes with HBx-overexpressing lentivirus, pyroptosis-related morphological changes in the cells were observed under electron microscope. The level of ROS in the HBx overexpression group was significantly higher compared to the negative control group ( P<0.05). Hoechst 33342 staining revealed condensed nuclei in the HBx overexpression group. TUNEL staining and flow cytometer demonstrated that podocytes underwent increased pyroptosis in the HBx overexpression group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins such as NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 were up-regulated upon HBx overexpression (all P<0.05). Caspase-1 enzyme activity, lactate dehydrogenase and desmin expression levels were enhanced after HBx overexpression (all P<0.05). However, NLRP3 knockdown or addition of ROS inhibitors attenuated the pyroptosis and increased expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins caused by HBx overexpression (all P<0.05). Conclusion:ROS/NLRP3 pathway plays an important role in HBx-induced podocyte pyroptosis.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:The clinical Data, polysomnography (PSG) and cognitive function examination results of 112 OSA children admitted to Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the severity of OSA, the children were divided into mild, moderate and severe OSA groups, and the basic demographic characteristics, sleep parameters and ADHD occurrence were analyzed. According to the results of ADHD examination, the children were divided into ADHD group and non-ADHD group, and the basic demographic characteristics and sleep parameters were analyzed. Taking these parameters as independent variables, binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to establish the model equation for predicting the risk of OSA associated ADHD among children.Results:Grouped by OSA severity, among the three groups, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) [3.70 (2.84, 5.47) vs 8.59 (7.50, 9.54) vs 19.48 (15.83, 25.23)], obstructive apnea index (OAI) [1.31 (0.93, 1.82) vs 3.03 (1.54, 4.41) vs 11.69 (8.53, 15.42)], obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) [2.82 (1.81, 3.64) vs 6.17 (5.58, 7.26) vs 15.68 (13.12, 21.25)], and respiratory event-related arousal index [0.50 (0.25, 1.05) vs 1.25 (0.70, 2.23) vs 2.40 (1.60, 4.70)] increased, minimum pulse oxygen saturation (SpO 2) [90.00 (88.00, 92.00) vs 87.00 (83.00, 90.25) vs 81.00 (76.00, 85.00)] decreased, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The non-rapid eye movement (NREM)1 period time ratio of the severe OSA group was significantly longer than that of the mild OSA group, while the average SpO 2 was significantly lower than that of the mild OSA group; the NREM3 period time ratio of the moderate and severe OSA group was significantly less than that of the mild OSA group; the arousal index of the severe OSA group was significantly greater than the mild or moderate OSA group. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in gender, age, body mass index, sleep efficiency, rapid eye movement (REM) period time ratio, and NREM2 period time ratio (all P>0.05). Mild OSA group had 10 cases of ADHD (17.54%), moderate OSA group had 7 cases (23.33%) of ADHD, severe OSA group had 9 cases of ADHD (36.00%), and the difference was not statistically significant. Grouped by ADHD examination, the AHI, OAI, OAHI, and NREM1 period time ratios of the ADHD group were significantly higher than those of the non-ADHD group, while the sleep efficiency, minimum SpO 2 and NREM3 period time ratio were significantly lower than those of the non-ADHD group. The Logistic regression analysis suggested that ADHD was correlated with sleep efficiency, minimum SpO 2, and NREM3 period time.The established Logistic regression equation was: X=15.670+0.061×(sleep efficiency)-0.212×(minimum SpO 2)-0.144×(NREM3 period time ratio), the sensitivity and specificity of the model prediction were 84.6% and 79.1% respectively when the area under the receiveroperating characteristic curves was 0.867. Conclusions:OSA and ADHD in children have a certain correlation. Sleep structure disturbance and intermittent hypoxia may be important reasons. The predictive model equations obtained by PSG in this study can be used to assess the risk of ADHD in children with OSA.

Objective: A retrospective analysis of audiologic outcome and graft take rate on post-tympanoplasty with different middle ear mucosal conditions in wet ear. Method: According to the characteristics of middle ear mucosal condition and residual eardrum, 80 cases with wet ear of chronic suppurative otitis media were divided into the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group. The factors in different groups, including gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations, destruction of ossicular chain and reconstruction methods were analyzed. Moreover, postoperative hearing improvement and graft take rate were compared among the three groups. Result: There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations among the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group （P>0.05）. Overall, the postoperative average Air-Bone Gaps（ABG） were reduced in all wet ear patients after surgery （P<0.01）. The ABG was decreased from （25.5 ± 10.8） dB to（15.4 ± 9.4） dB in the hydrocele group, and decreased from （27.6 ± 8.7） dB to （15.2 ± 9.6） dB in the swelling group, and from （29.5 ± 7.7） dB to （17.2 ± 17.2） dB in the granulation group. The graft take rates were 90.0% in totally. There were no significant difference in graft take rates among the three groups, and 84.6% in the hydrocele group, 93.3% in the swelling group and 100.0% in the swelling group（P>0.05）. Conclusion Wet ear is not an absolute contraindication of tympanoplasty for chronic suppurative otitis media. Whether there was effusion, swelling or granulomatous hyperplasia in the tympanoplasty, the patients'hearing improved significantly after tympanoplasty, and the healing rate of the tympanoplasty did not decrease. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to standardize the timing of wet ear surgery, clarify the operative contraindication and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism of eardrum healing.

A retrospective analysis of audiologic outcome and graft take rate on post-tympanoplasty with different middle ear mucosal conditions in wet ear. According to the characteristics of middle ear mucosal condition and residual eardrum, 80 cases with wet ear of chronic suppurative otitis media were divided into the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group. The factors in different groups, including gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations, destruction of ossicular chain and reconstruction methods were analyzed. Moreover, postoperative hearing improvement and graft take rate were compared among the three groups. There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease course, sides, size and location of perforations among the hydrocele group, the swelling group and the granulation group （>0.05）. Overall, the postoperative average Air-Bone Gaps（ABG） were reduced in all wet ear patients after surgery （<0.01）. The ABG was decreased from （25.5 ± 10.8） dB to（15.4 ± 9.4） dB in the hydrocele group, and decreased from （27.6 ± 8.7） dB to （15.2 ± 9.6） dB in the swelling group, and from （29.5 ± 7.7） dB to （17.2 ± 17.2） dB in the granulation group. The graft take rates were 90.0% in totally. There were no significant difference in graft take rates among the three groups, and 84.6% in the hydrocele group, 93.3% in the swelling group and 100.0% in the swelling group（>0.05）. Wet ear is not an absolute contraindication of tympanoplasty for chronic suppurative otitis media. Whether there was effusion, swelling or granulomatous hyperplasia in the tympanoplasty, the patients'hearing improved significantly after tympanoplasty, and the healing rate of the tympanoplasty did not decrease. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to standardize the timing of wet ear surgery, clarify the operative contraindication and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism of eardrum healing.

OBJECTIVE: To delineate laboratory and clinical characteristics of a case with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and co-occurrence of t(9;22)(q34;q11) and t(8;21)(q22;q22). METHODS: The patient was subjected to cytogenetic, molecular, morphological and immunophenotypic analyses. RESULTS: Cytogenetic analysis revealed presence of t(8;21)(q22;q22) in addition to t(9;22)(q34;q11) in the patient. Chimeric BCR/ABL and AML1/ETO genes were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Transcripts of BCR/ABL210 and AML1/ETO fusion genes were detected by relative quantity PCR. Morphological study suggested that the patient was at the chronic phase of CML. No significant immunophenotypic abnormality was detected by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION Co-occurrence of t(8;21)(q22;q22) and t(9;22)(q34;q11) is rare in CML. Only 5 similar cases have been described previously. This case suggested that chromosomal alterations may precede morphological, flow cytometric and clinical changes and accelerate progression of the disease.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; genetics ; Translocation, Genetic