Objective: To explore the associations of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among primary and secondary school students and their parents, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted physical activity promotion strategies for children and adolescents. Methods: From 2021 to 2022, basic information and 24 h movement behaviors of 2 484 pairs of students and their parents were collected from five primary and secondary schools in Haizhu District, Guangzhou City, with a convenient sampling combining with cluster sampling method. Component regression models were constructed to analyze the relationship between parental MVPA, SB and primary and secondary school students MVPA and SB, and a component isochronous substitution model was used to explore the effects of mutual substitution between parental MVPA, residual components (time use components other than SB during the 24 h period), and SB on the behavioral activities of MVPA and SB in primary and secondary school students. Results: Parental MVPA and SB of students in grade 1 to 3 were positively correlated with both students MVPA and SB ( β=0.06, 0.12, P <0.01). The component isochronous substitution model showed that substituting 10 and 20 minutes of MVPA for SB by parents in grade 1 to 3 was associated with an increase in MVPA of students, and substituting 10 and 20 minutes of residual ingredients for SB was associated with a decrease in SB of students, with mean changes of 0.8 (95% CI =0.4-1.2) and 1.4 (95% CI =0.7-2.2) and -1.4 (95% CI =-1.7 to -1.1) and -2.9 (95% CI =-3.4 to -2.3)( P <0.05). No statistically significant associations were observed between parents of students in grades 4 to 6 and 7 to 9 and students physical activity and sedentary behaviour ( P >0.05). Conclusions Parents of students in grades 1 to 3 increases MVPA and decrease SB are beneficial to increase MVPA and decrease SB of students. Parents could promote physical activity among primary and secondary school students, and the intervention gateway should be advanced, with the low grades as the optimal intervention period.

Objective To understand the distribution of M protein gene (emm) of group A streptococcus (GAS) infections among children in Xicheng District of Beijing. Methods Throat swab samples from scarlet fever and pharyngeal infection cases were collected in sentinel hospitals of Xicheng District, Beijing from 2011 to 2024. GAS strains were isolated and identified, and emm gene was amplified and sequenced by PCR to determine the genotype. The differences in emm genotype between different groups were compared. Results A total of 3 130 throat swab samples were collected, and 400 GAS strains were isolated, with a positive rate of 12.78%. The highest positive rate was 19.93% in 2011. The positive rate of scarlet fever (45.71%) was higher than that of pharyngeal infection (6.14%) (P<0.001). There were 391 emm gene positive strains, and the differences in the positive rate of emm gene among different cases were statistically significant (P<0.001). A total of 7 genotypes and 27 gene subtypes were detected. Among different groups, the emm genotypes were mainly emm12 and emm1. The emm gene subtypes were mainly emm12.00 and emm1.00. Except for some years, the genotypes and their subtypes were dominated by emm12 and emm12.00, and the distribution differences of the two major genotypes and their subtypes were statistically significant from 2011 to 2019 (P<0.001). There were differences in genotypes and subtypes among different age groups (P=0.002). Conclusion The dominant types of emm genes in group A streptococcus infections among children were emm12 and emm1 in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2011 to 2024, and the dominant gene subtypes were emm12.00 and emm1.00. It is necessary to comprehensively strengthen the monitoring of the epidemic situation and genotype, timely grasp the distribution and variation of emm gene.

Objective:To investigate the changes of artemin protein expression in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to explore the regulatory effect of human adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) exosomes on the change of artemin protein expression.Methods:This research was a prospective observational clinical research combined with experimental research. Thirteen DPN patients (9 males and 4 females, aged 32 to 68 years) who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (hereinafter referred to as our hospital) from May 2022 to October 2023 and met the inclusion criteria were selected as DPN group, and 5 non-diabetes patients (4 males and 1 female, aged 29 to 61 years) who were admitted to our hospital in the same period of time and met the inclusion criteria were selected as control group. The toe nerve or sural nerve tissue in the abandoned tissue after debridement or amputation of patients in the two groups was collected. The pathological changes of nerve tissue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining; the protein expressions of S100β and artemin in nerve tissue were observed after immunofluorescence staining, and the artemin protein expression was quantified; the protein and mRNA expressions of artemin were detected by Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively (the sample number in DPN group and control group was 13 and 5, respectively). Twelve male C57BL/6 mice aged 3 to 5 days were collected to isolate Schwann cells, and the cells were divided into conventional culture group cultured routinely, high glucose alone group (cultured with high concentration of glucose solution only), and high glucose+exosome group (cultured with high concentration of glucose solution and extracted human ADSC exosomes). After 24 hours of culture, the cell proliferation activity was detected by cell counting kit 8 ( n=6). After 48 hours of culture, the protein expression of artemin was detected by Western blotting ( n=3). Results:Compared with those in control group, the neural supporting cells decreased and the inflammatory cells increased in the nerve tissue of patients in DPN group, showing typical manifestations of nerve injury. Immunofluorescence staining showed that compared with those in control group, the nuclei was more, and the protein expression of S100β was lower in nerve tissue of patients in DPN group. The protein expression of artemin in nerve tissue of patients in DPN group was 71±31, which was significantly lower than 1 729±62 in control group ( t=76.92, P<0.05). Western blotting detection showed that the protein expression of artemin in nerve tissue of patients in DPN group was 0.74±0.08, which was significantly lower than 0.97±0.06 in control group ( t=5.49, P<0.05). The artemin mRNA expression in nerve tissue of patients in DPN group was significantly lower than that in control group ( t=7.65, P<0.05). After 24 hours of culture, compared with that in conventional culture group, the proliferation activities of Schwann cells in high glucose alone group and high glucose+exosome group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05); compared with that in high glucose alone group, the proliferation activity of Schwann cells in high glucose+exosome group was significantly increased ( P<0.05). After 48 hours of culture, compared with those in conventional culture group, the protein expressions of artemin of Schwann cells in high glucose alone group and high glucose+exosome group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05); compared with that in high glucose alone group, the protein expression of artemin of Schwann cells in high glucose+exosome group was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The protein expression of artemin in nerve tissue of DPN patients is lower than that in normal nerve tissue, which may be related to the reduction of proliferation activity of Schwann cells by high glucose. Human ADSC exosomes may improve the proliferation activity of Schwann cells by increasing artemin protein expression, thereby delaying the progression of DPN.

Clinicians need to focus on various points in the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.This article prescribed the treatment protocol based on the unique features,such as insomnia in the elderly,women experiencing specific physiologi-cal periods,children insomnia,insomnia in sleep-breathing disorder patients,insomnia in patients with chronic liver and kidney dysfunction.It pro-vides some reference for clinicians while they make decision on diagnosis,differentiation and treat-ment methods.

AIM:This study will clarify whether Wnt5a can be used as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and how Xinfeng capsule(XFC)can improve RA through the Wnt5a/β-catenin signaling pathway.METH-ODS:ELISA and RT-qPCR were used to detect in-flammatory factors and pathological genes in the rat model of AA in vivo to investigate the effect of XFC on AA rats.RT-qPCR was used to verify the core genes and key pathways of XFC regulation pre-dicted by network pharmacology.The regulatory mechanism of XFC on Wnt/β-catenin pathway was elucidated by RT-qPCR.Western blot and immuno-fluorescence in primary AA fibroblast-like synovial cells(FLS)in vitro.RESULTS:XFC significantly de-creased the arthritis score and paw swelling in AA rats,and inhibited joint inflammation in AA rats.XFC decreased the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1 in peripheral blood of AA rats,and inhibited the levels of pathological genes MMP3 and fibronectin in joint synovium and AA FLS of AA rats.Network pharmacology predicts that the Wnt pathway is highly correlated with XFC treatment of RA.At the cellular level,serum containing XFC in-hibited the expression of Wnt pathway-related genes β-catenin,CCND1 and c-Myc.The molecular docking results showed that the key components of XFC had strong binding ability to Wnt5a,and the overexpression of Wnt5a(Wnt5a-ove)in AA FLS in-terfered with the action of XFC.CONCLUSION:The expression of Wnt5a is significantly increased in AA FLS and RA FLS,and XFC can inhibit the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to improve RA by binding with Wn5a,providing a new therapeutic mechanism for XFC to improve RA.

Objective:To explore the differences in clinical and injured vertebra radiological parameters between patients with non-traumatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) and those with traumatic OVCF after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 369 OVCF patients (with 458 vertebrae injured) who had been treated by PVP at Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital between October 2015 and March 2017. There were 292 females and 77 males with a mean age of 73 (60, 79) years. Based on the absence or presence of a trauma history, the patients were stratified into a non-traumatic group (127 patients with 160 vertebrae injured) and a traumatic group (242 patients with 298 vertebrae injured). Clinical parameters [age, gender, body mass index, symptomatic duration, and number of injured vertebrae, visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), duration of follow-up, and rate of new OVCFs] and injured vertebra radiological parameters (position of injured vertebra, fracture type, compression severity, fracture range, cortical defect, intravertebral cleft, spinal canal compromise, basivertebral foramen, morphology of bone cement, range of bone cement, cement leakage, cement volume, rate of vertebral height restoration, recollapse of cemented vertebrae) were recorded perioperatively. All the clinical and radiological parameters were compared between the 2 groups.Results:Compared with the traumatic group, the non-traumatic group had an older age [75 (71, 83) years versus 71 (65, 76) years], more females (85.0% versus 76.0%), a longer symptomatic duration [10.0 (7.0, 15.0) d versus 6.5 (2.0, 12.0) d], a lower preoperative VAS pain score [7 (6, 8) points versus 7 (7, 8) points], a lower VAS pain score at postoperative day 1 [2 (2, 3) points versus 2 (2, 3) points], a lower preoperative ODI [66% (63%, 72%) versus 70% (65%, 73 %)], a lower ODI at postoperative day 1 [32% (30%, 34%) versus 32% (31%, 34%)], a higher rate of new OVCFs during follow-up (34.6% versus 12.8%), a lower rate of thoracolumbar lesions (51.9% versus 70.1%), more deformed fractures (mostly amphicoelous type), a lower rate of cortical defects in the anterior wall (20.0% versus 31.5%), a higher rate of trabecular pattern of cement (83.1% versus 71.8%), a higher rate of type-B cement leakage (50.6% versus 31.9%), a lower rate of type-C cement leakage (5.6% versus 12.8%), a lower rate of recollapse of cemented vertebrae (43.8% versus 55.4%). All the comparisons above were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the other clinical or radiological parameters ( P>0.05). Conclusions:There are statistically significant differences in a significant number of clinical and injured vertebra radiological parameters between patients with non-traumatic OVCF and those with traumatic OVCF after PVP. It is noteworthy that non-traumatic OVCFs are one specific subgroup of OVCFs.

Improving the sense of belonging of the elderly in nursing institutions is of great significance to enhance their sense of self-worth and self-identity,and further meet the spiritual needs of the elderly in nursing institutions.This paper reviewed the concept,current situation,evaluation tools and influencing factors of the elderly's sense of belonging in nursing institutions,and proposes that there is a lack of tools to measure the sense of belonging of the elderly in nursing institutions,and the intervention strategies with caregivers as the core needs to be further explored.

Objective: To explore the association between light intensity physical activity (LPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with body composition, so as to provide data references for improving adolescent physical health. Methods: From August 2020 to January 2021, general information of 694 students in grade one of a high school in Foshan City was collected, and the 24 hour activity behavior and body composition of the students were measured objectively by triaxial accelerometer and bioelectrical impedance tester. Dual component multivariate regression and dual compositional isotemporal substitution model were used to explore the relationship between LPA and SB and body composition. Results: LPA was associated with lower fat relative dominance (FRD) (male weekends FRD=-21.44%, female weekly FRD=-17.83%, weekdays FRD=-18.27%, P <0.05), and LPA was also associated with higher muscle relative dominance (MRD) and bone relative dominance (BRD) (male weekends MRD=12.78%, BRD= 12.87 %; female weekly MRD=11.64%, BRD=9.01%; female weekdays MRD=12.02%, BRD=9.23%, P <0.05). Replacing sedentary behavior (SB) with 10 minutes of LPA could reduce fat proportion [male:weekly -0.15(-0.26--0.04), weekdays -0.12 (-0.22--0.02); female:weekly -0.18(-0.27--0.08), weekdays -0.16(-0.25--0.07)) and increase muscle proportion (male:weekly 0.14(0.03-0.24), weekdays 0.11(0.02-0.21); female:weekly 0.17(0.07-0.26), weekdays 0.15(0.07-0.24)]. Conclusion Interrupting continuous SB with LPA can serve as an intervention measure to promote physical health and fitness in adolescents. School should encourage students to engage in frequent LPA during breaks and after school activities, while avoiding prolonged SB.

Abstract Flood disasters are the common public health emergencies, mainly leading to environmental damage, water pollution, food pollution, vector breeding, infectious disease epidemic and other risk factors of sanitary and anti epidemic work. The guideline has been formulated with reference to the technical documents such as Guideline for Environmental Sanitation Disposal and Preventive Disinfection in Flooded Areas and Technical Proposal for Sanitary and Anti epidemic Measures after Flood Disasters, as well as the latest research progress at home and abroad. In order to guide the sanitary and anti epidemic measures in flooded areas, protect the health and safety of students and teachers and ensure the normal educational and teaching order, the guideline introduces the key measures that should be taken by schools, teachers and students in flood striken areas.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal relationship between peer attachment, peer trust and loneliness, and to provide reference for the effective adolescent mental health promotion. Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to select 1 013 first year senior high school students from 2 high schools in Guizhou Province and Shandong Province. A longitudinal design was adopted. The Revised Experiences in Close Relationships relationship Structures Scale(ECR-RS), Trust Scale and University of California at Los Angels Loneliness Scale were administered in Nov. 2020, Dec. 2021(T1), as well as in Jan. 2021 and Jan. 2022(T2). Results: Peer trust at two time points was negatively correlated with attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance and loneliness( r=-0.50--0.17, P <0.01), while attachment anxiety, avoidance and loneliness were positively correlated( r=0.11- 0.41 , P <0.01). T1 attachment anxiety significantly predicted T2 loneliness( β=0.16, P <0.01), and T1 loneliness significantly predicted T2 attachment anxiety and avoidance( β=0.19, 0.15, P <0.01). Correlation between stability of loneliness was higher than attachment anxiety( CR=7.12, P <0.01). Correlation between stability of peer trust was higher than attachment avoidance( CR=2.40, P <0.01). Conclusion Loneliness affects attachment avoidance and peer trust unidirectionally. There is mutual influence between loneliness and attachment anxiety, with larger impact from loneliness. Intervention aiming for attachment promotion might consider loneliness reduction.