OBJECTIVE To study the ameliorative effect and mechanism of Forsythia suspensa-Lonicera japonica herb pair on acute lung injury （ALI） based on serum exosomal microRNA （miRNA）. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into a blank group （normal saline）， model group （nomal saline）， and F. suspensa-L. japonica herb pair group （2.55 g/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the blank group， the other groups were used to establish an ALI model by intratracheal dripping of 5 mg/ mL lipopolysaccharides. After modeling， each group was given relevant medicine/normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 3 consecutive days. After the last medication， the pathological status of lung tissue was observed； lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and leukocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were determined. The levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-10] in BALF were determined. Exosomes were isolated from rat serum， and high- throughput sequencing technology was employed to screen differentially expressed miRNA within the exosomes， followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis. Based on the screened differentially expressed miRNA and the enriched KEGG pathways， in vitro cellular experiments were conducted for validation. RESULTS The animal experimental results demonstrated that after intervention with the F. suspensa-L. japonica herb pair， the wet-to-dry weight ratio， the number of leukocytes in BALF， as well as the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF of ALI rats were all significantly reduced （P＜0.01）， while the level of IL-10 was significantly increased （P＜0.01）. The results of high-throughput sequencing experiments revealed that the F. suspensa-L. japonica herb pair could significantly up-regulate the expressions of miR-345-3p， miR-194-5p， miR-653-5p， and others in exosomes. Among them， the KEGG pathways involved in the target genes of differentially expressed miRNA included the hypoxia-inducible factor-1（HIF-1） signaling pathway， among others. The results of cellular E-mail：huang.haiying@126.com validation experiments showed that overexpressed miR-345-3p could significantly elevate the level of IL-10 in the cell supernatant （P＜0.01）， while significantly reducing the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the cell supernatant， as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of protein kinase B1， phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase， and HIF-1α （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS F. suspensa-L. japonica herb pair can alleviate inflammatory responses and thereby exert a therapeutic effect in improving ALI by up-regulating the expression of miR-345-3p in serum exosomes and inhibiting the activity of the HIF-1 signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the status quo and identification efficiency of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Methods A total of 407 patients with CHC who were admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and January 2025 were collected as study subjects. According to whether MAFLD was newly diagnosed during the study period, all enrolled patients were classified into two groups, including MAFLD group (CHC with MAFLD, n=143) and CHC group (CHC, n=264). The general data [gender, age, place of residence, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, course of chronic hepatitis C (CHC), history of diabetes mellitus], liver function indicators [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT)], glucose metabolism indicators [fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], lipid metabolism indicators [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], serum specific protein markers {serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)}were compared between both groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed for multivariate regression analysis. ROC curve was utilized to evaluate the identification value. Results The levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, FBG, FINS, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C, A-FABP, RBP4 and SREBP-1c in the MAFLD group were higher than those in the CHC group (P<0.05) while the levels of HDL-C and 25(OH)D were lower compared to the CHC group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results suggested that TG, 25(OH)D, RBP4, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were independent related factors influencing MAFLD occurrence (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis results revealed that the identification efficiency of combined prediction (AUC=0.854, 95% CI : 0.812-0.887)was better than that of TG (AUC=0.653, 95% CI: 0.607-0.720), 25(OH)D (AUC=0.685, 95% CI: 0.607-0.715), RBP4 (AUC=0.649, 95%CI: 0.633-0.741), HbA1c (AUC=0.718, 95% CI: 0.657-0.755) or HOMA-IR (AUC=0.726, 95% CI: 0.654-0.757), and combined prediction had the best identification efficiency (P<0.05). Conclusion CHC patients with MAFLD have significant metabolic disorders and changes in specific protein markers. TG, 25(OH)D, RBP4, HbA1c and HOMA-IR are independent related factors, and combined prediction model of multiple indicators exhibits good identification efficiency.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of such abnormalities. Methods: From September to November 2023, adopting a stratified cluster random sampling method, spinal curvature screenings and questionnaire surveys were conducted among 168 931 students from grade 4 of primary school to grade 12 of high school in 111 districts and counties across 14 cities in Guangxi. Chi square tests and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze influencing factors of spinal curvature abnormalities. Results: In 2023, the detection rate of poor posture among students above grade 4 in Guangxi was 4.24% , and the detection rate of spinal curvature abnormalities was 2.13%. The detection rate was higher among urban students (2.84%) than rural students (1.66%), boarding students (2.61%) than non-boarding students (1.60%), and high school students (3.16%) than junior high (2.45%) and primary school students (1.15%), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=269.85, 221.44, 565.10, P <0.01). A trend of increasing detection rates with higher grade levels was observed ( χ 2 trend =617.63, P <0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that students without boarding at school ( OR =0.82, 95% CI =0.75-0.90), engaging in high-intensity physical activity for over 60 min per day ≥5 days per week ( OR =0.90, 95% CI =0.82-0.98), and adequate sleep ( OR =0.87, 95% CI =0.81-0.94) had lower risks of detecting spinal curvature abnormalities ( P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of spinal curvature abnormalities increases with grade level among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi. Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity demonstrates protective effects against spinal abnormalities.

Objective: To investigate the association between medium to long term PM 2.5 exposure around school areas and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi, providing data support and theoretical foundations for scientifically addressing overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students. Methods: From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 251 183 students aged 7-18 years (grade 1 to grade 12) from 14 prefecture level cities (111 districts and counties) in Guangxi. PM 2.5 mass concentration data were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset. Preliminary comparative analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, while binary Logistic regression models were applied to quantify the relationship between PM 2.5 exposure and overweight/obesity. Restricted cubic spline analysis was further utilized to examine the nonlinear association between PM 2.5 concentration and overweight/obesity risk. Results: The detection rate of overweight/obesity among Guangxi students in 2023 was 19.5%. The median PM 2.5 concentration in the year prior to the study was higher in the overweight/obesity group (23.22 μg/m 3) compared to the non overweight/obesity group (22.63 μg/m 3) ( Z=-15.66, P <0.01), and consistent trends were observed across gender (male/female) and educational stage (primary/junior/senior high school) subgroups (all P <0.01). Binary Logistic regression revealed that for every 10 μg/m 3 increase in the annual average PM 2.5 concentration, the risk of overweight/obesity increased by 12% ( OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.09- 1.15 , P <0.01). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between monthly PM 2.5 levels and overweight/obesity risk ( P trend <0.01). Below 22.68 μg/m 3, PM 2.5 exposure showed no significant association with obesity risk; above the threshold, the risk increased with rising PM 2.5 levels. Conclusion Medium to long term PM 2.5 exposure around school environments is significantly associated with overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students.

Posterior capsule opacification(PCO)is a common postoperative complication of cataract surgery, primarily caused by the proliferation and migration of residual lens epithelial cells(LECs). Although neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser posterior capsulotomy effectively treats PCO, it carries risks of complications such as cystoid macular edema(CME). Thus, preventing PCO formation is of critical clinical importance. Despite advancements in intraocular lens(IOL)materials and designs, achieving complete PCO eradication remains challenging. This review systematically examines recent advancements in surface-modified IOLs, including anti-biofouling IOL(reducing LECs adhesion), capsular adhesion-enhanced IOL(promoting capsular bag integration), micro-patterned IOL(physically inhibiting migration), photothermal/photodynamic IOL(inducing light-activated LECs apoptosis), and drug-eluting IOL(sustained drug release). These surface modification strategies demonstrate synergistic effects through complementary mechanisms(including physical barrier formation, chemical intervention, and bioactive regulation), effectively suppressing LECs proliferation while significantly reducing PCO incidence. Importantly, these approaches eliminate the risks associated with conventional Nd:YAG laser treatment, offering substantial advantages. By providing a comprehensive evaluation of these cutting-edge technologies, this review serves as a valuable reference for IOL design optimization. It represents a paradigm shift in cataract management strategies, transitioning from reactive therapeutic interventions to proactive preventive measures, and ultimately leads to improving long-term visual outcomes for patients.

Objective: To analyze the association between altitudes and nutritional status of children and adolescents, and to explore the moderating effects of dietary behaviors and physical activity, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing lifestyle interventions tailored to local conditions. Methods: From September to November 2023, physical examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted among children and adolescents aged 7-17 in two autonomous regions, Inner Mongolia and Xizang, with a final sample of 156 511 participants by the stratified cluster random sampling method. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Sociodemographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, and physical activity were collected via questionnaires, while the altitude of each participant s school was obtained using Amap. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between altitudes and nutritional status. Interaction terms and stratified analyses were applied to assess the moderating effects of dietary behaviors and physical activity. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used for visualization. Results: In 2023, the prevalence of wasting and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in Xizang were 9.7% and 9.0%, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 22.0% in Inner Mongolia. Logistic regression analysis results showed that for every 1 km increase in altitude, the risk of wasting increased, while the risk of overweight/obesity decreased ( OR =1.43, 0.19, both P <0.05). The results of the stratified analysis showed that compared to those living at altitudes <1 km, children and adolescents with healthy diets showed no significant association between altitudes (1-<2 and 2-<3 km) and wasting ( OR =1.22, 0.75, both P >0.05), whereas significant associations were observed at 3-<4 and ≥4 km altitudes ( OR =2.25, 2.89, both P <0.05). In contrast, unhealthy dietary groups showed statistically significant associations across altitudes ( OR =1.18-4.04, all P <0.05), consistent with RCS results. No moderating effects were observed for physical activity on the altitude wasting association or for dietary behaviors and physical activity combined on the altitude overweight/obesity association ( P interaction =0.63, 0.10, 0.53). Conclusion Healthy dietary behaviors play a critical role in improving the nutritional status of children and adolescents and reducing regional disparities, providing a scientific foundation for public health policy formulation and implementation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Forsythiae Fructus-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos（FF） in the treatment of acute lung injury（ALI） by investigating the effects of FF on serum metabolomics of rats with ALI. MethodsThirty male SD rats were acclimated for 1 week， and 6 rats were randomly selected as the blank group. The other 24 rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide（LPS） solution by tracheal drip to establish an ALI model. After successful model establishment， the rats were randomly divided into the model group， the FF low-dose group（3.0 g·kg^-1）， the FF high-dose group（6.0 g·kg^-1）， and the dexamethasone group（5 mg·kg^-1）， with six rats in each group. The FF low- and high-dose groups and the dexamethasone group were received daily oral administration of the corresponding drug solution， and the blank group and the model group were gavaged with an equal amount of saline， treatment was administered continuously for 3 d. The pathological conditions of rat lung tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， wet/dry mass ratio（W/D） of the lung tissues， and protein concentration in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF）. Metabolomic analysis of rat serum was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， combined with multivariate statistical analysis， the potential biomarkers of FF in treating ALI were screened by variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1， P<0.05 from t-test， and log₂fold change（FC）>1 or log₂FC<-1. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） database combined with MetaboAnalyst were used for pathway analysis of the screened differential metabolites. The protein expression levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate（S1P）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）， protein kinase B1（Akt1）， and phosphorylated Akt1（p-Akt1） were examined by Western bolt. The expression levels of interleukin（IL）-6， IL-1β， and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α in BALF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. ResultsCompared with the blank group， rats in the model group showed ALI pathological features such as alveolar lumen dilatation， interstitial hemorrhage and massive inflammatory cell infiltration， and the protein concentration in BALF and W/D of the lung tissues were significantly elevated（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low- and high-dose groups of FF as well as the dexamethasone group exhibited reduced pulmonary bronchial hemorrhage in rats， and the protein concentration in BALF and W/D were significantly decreased（P<0.05）， and the lung injury was significantly alleviated. Analysis of rat serum metabolomics revealed that FF downregulated 38 biomarkers. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that FF primarily exerted therapeutic effects through 7 key metabolic pathways， including arginine biosynthesis， sphingomyelin metabolism， alanine， aspartate and glutamate metabolism， taurine and hypotaurine metabolism， α-linolenic acid metabolism， niacin and nicotinamide metabolism， and retinol metabolism. The results of Western bolt and ELISA showed that， compared with the blank group， the model group exhibited significantly elevated expression levels of S1P， PI3K， Akt1 and p-Akt1 proteins in the lung tissues， as well as increased expression levels of IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α in BALF（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the expression levels of the aforementioned indicators were significantly downregulated in the low- and high-dose FF groups as well as the dexamethasone group（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionFF may play a role in ALI by regulating amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of S1P/PI3K/Akt1 signaling pathway to attenuate the inflammatory response caused by ALI.

BACKGROUND: The urban-rural disparities in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are narrowing, and there is a need for long-term and updated data to explain this inequality, understand the underlying mechanisms, and identify priority groups for interventions. METHODS: We analyzed data from seven rounds of the Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) conducted from 1985 to 2019, focusing on school-age children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. Joinpoint regression was used to identify inflection points (indicating a change in the trend) in the prevalence of overweight and obesity during the study period, stratified by urban/rural areas and sex. Annual percent change (APC), average annual percent change (AAPC), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to describe changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Polynomial regression models were used to predict the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in 2025 and 2030, considering urban/rural areas, sex, and age groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban boys and girls showed an inflection point of 2000, with AAPC values of 10.09% (95% CI: 7.33-12.92%, t = 7.414, P <0.001) and 8.67% (95% CI: 6.10-11.30%, t = 6.809, P <0.001), respectively. The APC for urban boys decreased from 18.31% (95% CI: 4.72-33.67%, t = 5.926, P = 0.027) to 4.01% (95% CI: 1.33-6.75%, t = 6.486, P = 0.023), while the APC for urban girls decreased from 13.88% (95% CI: 1.82-27.38%, t = 4.994, P = 0.038) to 4.72% (95% CI: 1.43-8.12%, t = 6.215, P = 0.025). However, no inflection points were observed in the best-fit models for rural boys and girls during the period 1985-2019. The prevalence of overweight and obesity for both urban and rural boys is expected to converge at 35.76% by approximately 2027. A similar pattern is observed for urban and rural girls, with a prevalence of overweight and obesity reaching 20.86% in 2025. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents has been steadily increasing from 1985 to 2019. A complete reversal in urban-rural prevalence is expected by 2027, with a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural areas. Urgent action is needed to address health inequities and increase investments, particularly policies targeting rural children and adolescents.
Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; China/epidemiology* ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology* ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Urban Population

Gliomas are the most common primary neuroepithelial tumors of the central nervous system in adults, of which glioblastoma is the deadliest subtype. Apart from the intrinsically indestructible characteristics of glioma (stem) cells, accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment also plays a vital role in the refractoriness of glioblastoma. The primary functions of platelets are to stop bleeding and regulate thrombosis under physiological conditions. Furthermore, platelets are also active elements that participate in a variety of processes of tumor development, including tumor growth, invasion, and chemoresistance. Glioma cells recruit and activate resting platelets to become tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), which in turn can promote the proliferation, invasion, stemness, and chemoresistance of glioma cells. TEPs can be used to obtain genetic information about gliomas, which is helpful for early diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic effects. Platelet membranes are intriguing biomimetic materials for developing efficacious drug carriers to enhance antiglioma activity. Herein, we review the recent research referring to the contribution of platelets to the malignant characteristics of gliomas and focusing on the molecular mechanisms mediating the interaction between TEPs and glioma (stem) cells, as well as present the challenges and opportunities in targeting platelets for glioma therapy.
Humans ; Glioma/metabolism* ; Blood Platelets/physiology* ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology* ; Tumor Microenvironment