The banana Fusarium wilt (BFW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race4 (FocTR4) is difficult to control worldwide, which causes a huge economic losse to banana industry. The purpose of this study was to screen Trichoderma strains with antagonistic activity against FocTR4, to isolate and purify the active compound from the fermentation broth, so as to provide important biocontrol strains and active compound resources. In this work, Trichoderma strains were isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of crops, and the strains capable of efficiently inhibiting FocTR4 were screened by plate confrontation, and further confirmed by testing inhibition for the conidial germination and mycelial growth of FocTR4. The phylogenetic tree clarified the taxonomic status of the biocontrol strains. Moreover, the active components in the fermentation broth of the strains were separated and purified by column chromatography, the structure of the most active component was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), the BFW control effect was tested by pot experiments. We obtained a strain JSHA-CD-1003 with antagonistic activity against FocTR4, and the inhibition rate from plate confrontation was 60.6%. The fermentation broth of JSHA-CD-1003 completely inhibited the germination of FocTR4 conidia within 24 hours. The inhibition rate of FocTR4 hyphae growth was 52.6% within 7 d. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the ITS and tef1-α gene tandem sequences, and JSHA-CD-1003 was identified as Trichoderma brevicompactum. Purification and NMR identification showed that the single active compound was trichodermin, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 25 μg/mL. Pot experiments showed that the fermentation broth of strain JSHA-CD-1003 was effective against BFW. The control rate of leaf yellowing was 47.4%, and the rate of bulb browning was 52.0%. Therefore, JSHA-CD-1003 effectively inhibited FocTR4 conidial germination and mycelium growth through producing trichodermin, and showed biocontrol effect on banana wilt caused by FocTR4, thus is a potential biocontrol strain.
Fusarium ; Musa ; Phylogeny ; Trichodermin ; Hypocreales

Objective: To explore the effects of protein powder on the bioavailability of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in blood and kidneys of rats and renal function change. Methods: Twenty-four rats of the SD strain were randomly divided into the negative control group, PFASs group and protein powder group, with 8 rats (half males and half females) in each group. PFASs included 13 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 8 perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), and the mixture was used as a test subject for intervention. The rats in the negative control group were given deionized water at doses of 20 mL/kg·bw, in the PFASs group were given 5 mL/kg·bw of PFASs mixtures and 15 mL/kg·bw of deionized water, and in the protein powder group were given 5 mL/kg·bw of PFASs mixtures and 15 mL/kg·bw of protein powder (0.258 g/mL). After intervention for 28 successive days, body weight and kidney mass were weighed, and the kidney volume index was calculated. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The PFCAs, PFSAs and PFASs contents were quantified in blood and kidney using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, and the bioavailability was estimated. Results: There was no significant differences in kidney mass, kidney volume index, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen among the negative control group, PFASs group and protein powder group (all P>0.05). The bioavailability of blood PFCAs, PFSAs and PFASs in the protein powder group was not significantly different from the PFASs group (all P>0.05). Compared with the PFASs group, the bioavailability of PFCAs, PFSAs and PFASs were significantly increased in kidneys of male rats in the protein powder group (all P<0.05), while were not significant different in those of female rats (all P>0.05). Conclusion Protein powder at the dose of this study can significantly improve the bioavailability of PFASs in kidneys of male rats, while there no obvious effects on the bioavailability of blood PFASs and renal function.

Solitary cervical submental nodule is a relatively rare case in clinical procedure and prone to miss diagnosis.Differential diagnosis with various head and neck diseases is necessary.This article reported a case of solitary cervical submental metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma received in the department of surgery,Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital,Ruijin Gubei Branch,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.The patient came to the outpatient clinic for treatment due to"consciously larger submental tubercle than before".Ultrasound examination revealed suspicious lesions in both the thyroid and submental regions.Ultrasound-guided final needle aspiration biopsy diagnosed as malignant tumor.Surgical resection was performed and the central group lymph nodes dissected Pathological examination confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma with solitary submental metastasis.This article reported the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this case,in order to improve the disease recognition for clinicians,and make differential diagnosis with other rare neck diseases,and avoid missing diagnoses.

Chemical constituents of n-butanol part of ethanol extract from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaja were studied.Eight glycosides were separated and purified by silica gel, MCI, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography.Based on the physicochemical properties and spectral data, these compounds were 3-ethyl-4-methyl-pentyl ester-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), juglanoside E (2), (4S)-α-terpineol-8-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (4S)-α-terpineol-8-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), eugenyl-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl methylester (6), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (7), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (8).Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2-6 were isolated from the genus Cyclocarya for the first time.

Objective:To explore whether the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced modification of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is involved in the inflammatory signaling pathway of endothelial cells.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured in vitro, and cells in logarithmic growth phase were used for experiments. Cells were divided into blank control group, LPS group (2 000 mg/L LPS), O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) overexpression (OGT-OE)+LPS group (plasmid transfection OGT+2 000 mg/L LPS), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor+LPS group (10 μmol/L Go 6983+2 000 mg/L LPS), RhoA inhibitor+LPS group (40 μmol/L Rhoin hydrochloride+2 000 mg/L LPS), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor+LPS group (1 μmol/L SL-2052+2 000 mg/L LPS), serine/threonine kinase (Akt) inhibitor+LPS group (10 μmol/L PP2+2 000 mg/L LPS) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) treated Akt (si-AKT)+LPS group (si-Akt+2 000 mg/L LPS). After 24 hours of LPS treatment, real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)]. The protein expression or phosphorylation of OGT, O-GlcNAc, Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were determined by Western blotting. Results:Compared with the blank control group, the expression of OGT and the modification of O-GlcNAc in the LPS group were decreased, while the expressions of phosphorylated ERK, p38MAPK, and STAT3 were increased, and the transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines were also significantly increased [IL-6 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 4.71±0.60 vs. 1.03±0.29, TNF-α mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.89±0.11 vs. 1.04±0.35, ICAM-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 2.06±0.18 vs. 1.02±0.21, VCAM-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 2.94±0.57 vs. 1.01±0.17, all P < 0.05], indicating that LPS could decrease O-GlcNAc modification, activate inflammatory signaling pathways and increase inflammatory cytokines expression. Compared with the LPS group, the expressions of phosphorylated ERK, p38MAPK, NF-κB p65, and STAT3 in the endothelial cells of the OGT-OE+LPS group were decreased, and the expression of inflammatory factors were significantly decreased [IL-6 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.12±0.01 vs. 0.90±0.17, TNF-α mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.31±0.01 vs. 0.91±0.14, ICAM-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.64±0.02 vs. 1.13±0.16, VCAM-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.11±0.01 vs. 0.93±0.11, all P < 0.05], indicating that the increase of OGT level could inhibit the partial activation of the endothelial inflammatory signal pathway under the LPS stimulation. Compared with the blank control group, the phosphorylation level of Akt in the LPS group was increased. Compared with the LPS group, both OGT expression and O-GlcNAc modification were down-regulated after pretreatment of PKC inhibitor, RhoA inhibitor, PI3K inhibitor, or Akt inhibitor. Compared with the LPS group, the transcript levels of IL-6, TNF-α and ICAM-1 in the PP2+LPS group were significantly decreased [IL-6 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.46±0.16 vs. 3.55±0.87, TNF-α mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.98±0.14 vs. 1.76±0.10, ICAM-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.39±0.24 vs. 2.04±0.13, all P < 0.05], but there was no significant change in VCAM-1. Compared with the LPS group, the expression of OGT and O-GlcNAc modification in the si-Akt+LPS group were decreased, while the transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines were also significantly decreased [IL-6 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.75±0.03 vs. 0.99±0.09, TNF-α mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.69±0.01 vs. 1.10±0.08, ICAM-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.76±0.01 vs. 0.99±0.02, VCAM-1 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 0.93±0.08 vs. 1.20±0.21, all P < 0.05], indicating that Akt participated in the action process of LPS on OGT and affected the inflammatory factor expression. Conclusions:The decreased level of O-GlcNAc modification in endothelial cells stimulated with LPS promotes partial activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, mainly involving ERK, p38MAPK, and STAT3, and affects the expression of inflammatory factors. AKT may be involved in the effect of LPS on the inhibition of O-GlcNAc modification.

Objective:To explore the significance of four-dimensional CT angiography(4D CTA) and CT perfusion (CTP) imaging in evaluating collateral circulation grades in patients with moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome and their relationship with cerebral hemodynamics.Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 32 patients with moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome in Beijing Hospital from January 2017 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent 4D CTA-CTP imaging. Collateral circulation was scored on CTA images by using Alberta stroke program early CT score system, and on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images by using American society of interventional and therapeutic neuroradiology/Society of interventional radiology score system, respectively. The patients were divided into Ⅰ-Ⅲ circulation compensation grades based on collateral circulation score. Regions of interest were delineated at basal ganglia on perfusion maps and the perfusion parameters were obtained including cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT), mean transit time (TTP) and delay time (DLY). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the perfusion parameters in different collateral circulation grades, and pairwise comparison was performed with Bonferroni correction. Kappa and Spearman tests were used to analyze the consistency and correlation of 4D CTA and DSA in the classification of collateral circulation.Results:4D CTA and DSA had a moderate consistency (Kappa=0.693, P<0.001) and a strong correlation ( r=0.805, P<0.001) in evaluating collateral grades. There were statistically significant differences in CBF, MTT and TTP among collateral compensation grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ ( H values were 7.91, 11.69, 8.93; P values were 0.019, 0.003 and 0.012, respectively). Further pairwise comparison showed that the CBF of collateral compensation grade Ⅰ was lower than that of grade Ⅲ ( P=0.015), MTT of grade Ⅱ was higher than that of grade Ⅲ ( P=0.005), and TTP of grade Ⅰ was higher than that of grade Ⅲ ( P=0.015). There was no statistical significance of other indicators in pairwise comparison. There were no significant differences in CBV and DLY among collateral compensation grade Ⅰ, grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ ( P>0.05). Conclusions:4D CTA-CTP is equivalent to DSA in evaluating collateral circulation in patients with moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome. It can also evaluate the cerebral hemodynamics comprehensively, which has high clinical significance for disease monitoring.

Objective: This study’s objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of Pulsed Magnetic Therapy System (PMTS) in improving insomnia disorder. Methods: Participants with insomnia disorder were randomly assigned to receive either PMTS or sham treatment for four weeks (n= 153; PMTS: 76, sham: 77). Primary outcomes are the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores at week 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4 (treatment), and 5 (follow-up). Secondary outcomes are the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at baseline and week 4, and weekly sleep diary-derived values for sleep latency, sleep efficiency, real sleep time, waking after sleep onset, and sleep duration. Results: The ISI scores of the PMTS group and the sham group were 7.13±0.50, 11.07±0.51 at week 4, respectively. There was a significant group×time interaction for ISI (F3.214, 485.271=24.25, p<0.001, ηp 2=0.138). Only the PMTS group experienced continuous improvement throughout the study; in contrast, the sham group only experienced a modest improvement after the first week of therapy. At the end of the treatment and one week after it, the response of the PMTS group were 69.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.6%–79.0%), 75.0% (95% CI: 64.1%–83.4%), respectively, which were higher than the response of the sham group (p<0.001). For each of the secondary outcomes, similar group×time interactions were discovered. The effects of the treatment persisted for at least a week. Conclusion PMTS is safe and effective in improving insomnia disorders.

Objective:The efficacy of using a single electrical or magnetic stimulation for treating pelvic floor dysfunction is limited.This study aims to investigate the efficacy of radiofrequency combined with magnetic stimulation treatment for mild to moderate pelvic organ prolapse. Methods:Patients who completed the treatment in the Third Xiangya Hospital,Central South University were screened,and were divided into 2 groups based on different treatment plans.There were 28 patients who completed magnetic stimulation therapy(the magnetic stimulation therapy group)and 21 patients who completed radiofrequency combined with magnetic stimulation therapy(the combined treatment group).The pelvic organ prolapse quantitation(POP-Q),pelvic floor muscle strength,and pelvic floor ultrasound results were analyzed to assess the efficacy before and after the treatment in both groups,and the POP-Q results of 3 months after the treatment were used to evaluate the maintenance effect of the treatment mode. Results:The POP-Q evaluation results of Aa,Ap,and C points after the treatment in both groups were better than those before the treatment,with statistical significance(all P＜0.05).The Aa point POP-Q result of the combined treatment group was better than that of the magnetic stimulation therapy group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Pelvic floor ultrasound evaluation showed that the bladder neck position during the valsalva maneuver in the combined treatment group was higher than that in the magnetic stimulation treatment group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The persistence effect of the combined treatment group was long better than that of the magnetic stimulation treatment group,with significant statistical significance(P＜0.01). Conclusion:The combined treatment is more effective and has a longer lasting effect than single magnetic stimulation treatment.

Objective: To detect the bioavailability of 21 types of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in rat liver and to examine the effect of protein powder. Methods: Twenty-four rats of the SD strain were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, and the protein powder group. Twenty-one types of PFCs were mixed at an equal concentration of 10 ng/mL, and rats in the model group and the protein powder group were given by oral administration of PFCs mixtures at a daily dose of 5 mL/kg. Rats in the protein powder group were given protein powder by gavage at a dose of 15 mL/kg, while animals in the model and control groups were given deionized water at doses of 15 and 20 mL/kg for 28 successive days. The PFCs contents were quantified in rat liver using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the bioavailability was estimated. Results: There were no significant differences in rat body weight or liver/body weight ratio in the control, model and protein powder groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the bioavailability of perfluoroalkylated carboxylic acid (PFCA) or sulfonate (PFSA) in the liver of female and male rats between the protein powder group and the model group (P>0.05), and the gross bioavailability of PFCA (t=-22.266, P<0.001) and PFSA (t=-34.312, P<0.001) was significantly higher in the liver of male rats than in that of female rats in the model group, and the bioavailability of PFCA and PFSA increased followed by a reduction in rat livers with the increase of carbon chain length in the model group. In the model group, the highest bioavailability was measured in perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) and sodium perfluorooctylsulfonate (L-PFOS) in the female rat liver [(36.06±2.93)% and (37.11±1.73)%], and the highest bioavailability was measured in perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and L-PFOS in the female rat liver [(61.02±2.16)% and (87.16±3.29)%]. Conclusions The bioavailability of PFCs correlates with the carbon chain length and animal gender in rat livers, and protein powder poses no clear-cut effects on the bioavailability of 21 types of PFCs in rat livers.

Objective:To investigate the screening values of immunocytochemical P16/Ki-67 double staining, P16 INK4α single staining and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing for high-grade cervical lesions. Methods:The clinical data of 622 patients who underwent cervical thin-layer liquid-based cytology (TCT) and HR-HPV testing in General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. from March 2019 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The remaining cytological specimens were detected by P16/Ki-67 double staining and P16 INK4α single staining. Among them, 334 patients with TCT results suggesting atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and above and HPV-positive underwent colposcopy pathological biopsy. Using pathological results as reference, the positive predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of P16/Ki-67 double staining, P16 INK4α single staining and HR-HPV testing for screening of high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL) and cervical cancer were compared. Results:Taking the results of histopathology as references, combined with the results of TCT, 31 of 622 patients were HSIL, of which 22 (71.0%) were positive for P16/Ki-67 double staining, 23 (74.2%) were positive for P16 INK4α single staining, and 25 (80.6%) were positive for HR-HPV testing; 4 cases were cervical cancer, and the positive rates of the three detection methods were all 100.0% (4/4). Among 622 patients, the positive rates of P16/Ki-67 double staining, P16 INK4α single staining and HR-HPV testing for screening of HSIL and cervical cancer were 13.99% (87/622), 25.40% (158/622) and 21.38% (133/622); the positive predictive values were 29.89%, 17.09% and 21.08%; the accuracies were 91.19%, 78.94% and 83.28%; the specificities were 89.77%, 77.98% and 82.46%; the sensitivities were 74.29%, 77.14% and 82.86%. The positive rate, positive predictive value, specificity and accuracy of P16/Ki-67 double staining were higher than those of P16 INK4α single staining and HR-HPV testing, and the differences were statistically significant ( z values were -5.062 and -3.418, 2.328 and 2.450, 5.436 and 3.570, 6.043 and 4.161, all P < 0.05); the sensitivity of HR-HPV testing was higher than that of P16/Ki-67 double staining and P16 INK4α single staining, but the differences were not statistically significant ( z values were -0.890 and 1.017, both P > 0.05). Conclusions:HR-HPV testing is more suitable for primary cervical lesion screening; P16/Ki-67 double staining can be used as a potential combined cell screening tool or an effective triage tool; P16 INK4α single staining has certain limitations.