Objective:To analyze the clinical application of protocol biopsy (PB) during postoperative follow-up in recipients of allogeneic kidney transplantation.Methods:A prospective observational cohort study was conducted. Recipients who underwent allogeneic kidney transplantation at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2022 and September 2024 and received PB at 3 months (±1 week) and/or 12 months (±4 weeks) post-transplantation in the Department of Nephrology were enrolled. The implementation, complications, and pathological results of PB were summarized. The safety and diagnostic efficacy of PB were analyzed.Results:A total of 143 allogeneic kidney transplant recipients were included, and 200 PB procedures were performed. The overall implementation rate of protocol biopsy (PB) was 84.1% (143/170). Among them, 170 recipients completed 3-month follow-up, and 136 PBs were performed at 3 months (±1 week) post-transplantation, with an implementation rate of 80.0%. Seventy-nine recipients completed 12-month follow-up, and 64 PBs were performed at 12 months (±4 weeks), with an implementation rate of 81.0%. One major PB-related complication occurred (0.5%), presenting as gross hematuria and diagnosed as a transplant renal arteriovenous fistula. At 3 months post-transplantation, 58 biopsies (42.6%) showed pathological abnormalities, including rejection in 12 cases (8.8%), borderline changes in 18 cases (13.2%), BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) in 10 cases (7.4%), calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity in 13 cases (9.6%), and recurrent kidney disease in 5 cases (3.7%). At 12 months post-transplantation, 22 biopsies (34.4%) revealed pathological abnormalities, including rejection in 13 cases (20.3%), borderline changes in 4 cases (6.3%), BKVN in 3 cases (4.7%), CNI nephrotoxicity in 1 case (1.6%), and recurrent disease in 1 case (1.6%).Conclusions:Protocol kidney allograft biopsy after allogeneic kidney transplantation is highly safe and feasible in clinical practice. PB provides significant diagnostic value for the early detection of subclinical rejection and BKVN, thereby supporting its clinical utility in postoperative monitoring and management.

Objective:To analyze the clinical application of protocol biopsy (PB) during postoperative follow-up in recipients of allogeneic kidney transplantation.Methods:A prospective observational cohort study was conducted. Recipients who underwent allogeneic kidney transplantation at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2022 and September 2024 and received PB at 3 months (±1 week) and/or 12 months (±4 weeks) post-transplantation in the Department of Nephrology were enrolled. The implementation, complications, and pathological results of PB were summarized. The safety and diagnostic efficacy of PB were analyzed.Results:A total of 143 allogeneic kidney transplant recipients were included, and 200 PB procedures were performed. The overall implementation rate of protocol biopsy (PB) was 84.1% (143/170). Among them, 170 recipients completed 3-month follow-up, and 136 PBs were performed at 3 months (±1 week) post-transplantation, with an implementation rate of 80.0%. Seventy-nine recipients completed 12-month follow-up, and 64 PBs were performed at 12 months (±4 weeks), with an implementation rate of 81.0%. One major PB-related complication occurred (0.5%), presenting as gross hematuria and diagnosed as a transplant renal arteriovenous fistula. At 3 months post-transplantation, 58 biopsies (42.6%) showed pathological abnormalities, including rejection in 12 cases (8.8%), borderline changes in 18 cases (13.2%), BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) in 10 cases (7.4%), calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity in 13 cases (9.6%), and recurrent kidney disease in 5 cases (3.7%). At 12 months post-transplantation, 22 biopsies (34.4%) revealed pathological abnormalities, including rejection in 13 cases (20.3%), borderline changes in 4 cases (6.3%), BKVN in 3 cases (4.7%), CNI nephrotoxicity in 1 case (1.6%), and recurrent disease in 1 case (1.6%).Conclusions:Protocol kidney allograft biopsy after allogeneic kidney transplantation is highly safe and feasible in clinical practice. PB provides significant diagnostic value for the early detection of subclinical rejection and BKVN, thereby supporting its clinical utility in postoperative monitoring and management.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of dot matrix laser combined with subcutaneous separation in the treatment of depressed acne scar.Methods A total of 86 patients with depressed acne scar admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from February 2022 to August 2023 were selected and divided into dot matrix group and combined group according to random number table method,with 43 cases in each group.The patients in dot matrix group were treated with dot matrix laser,and the patients in combined group were treated with dot matrix laser combined with subcutaneous separation.The visual analogue scale(VAS)score,echelle d'evaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acne(ECCA)score,pigmentation area,scar area,treatment satisfaction and adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Results There was no significant difference in VAS scores between two groups after the first treatment and the second treatment(P>0.05).Three months after treatment,the ECCA score of combined group was significantly lower than that of dot matrix group,and the pigmentation area and scar area were significantly smaller than those of dot matrix group(P<0.05).The total satisfaction of patients in combined group was significantly higher than that in dot matrix group(χ2=4.746,P=0.029).There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between two groups(χ2=0.453,P=0.501).Conclusion Dot matrix laser combined with subcutaneous separation in the treatment of depressed acne scar can effectively promote scar repair,reduce skin pigmentation area and scar area,and do not increase pain,with good safety and high patient satisfaction.

Botulinum toxin is a potent protein toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. It acts directly on the brain nerve nucleus and peripheral neuromuscular junction, blocking the release of acetylcholine and thereby affecting nerve impulse transmission, ultimately leading to muscle paralysis. Mild cases may present with ocular muscle involvement, whereas severe cases may involve dysphagia, general paralysis, respiratory depression, and even death. This article reports on a patient who experienced severe poisoning symptoms after using type A botulinum toxin obtained through informal channels. The patient was treated with antitoxin on the 13th day after symptoms onset and achieved a significant improvement in their condition.

Botulinum toxin is a potent protein toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. It acts directly on the brain nerve nucleus and peripheral neuromuscular junction, blocking the release of acetylcholine and thereby affecting nerve impulse transmission, ultimately leading to muscle paralysis. Mild cases may present with ocular muscle involvement, whereas severe cases may involve dysphagia, general paralysis, respiratory depression, and even death. This article reports on a patient who experienced severe poisoning symptoms after using type A botulinum toxin obtained through informal channels. The patient was treated with antitoxin on the 13th day after symptoms onset and achieved a significant improvement in their condition.

Lipoma is the most common superficial benign tumor in clinical practice. Generally, lipoma is small in size. Giant lipoma is not common, and giant lipoma in tendon sheath is rare. We reports a case of axillary subcutaneous lipoma and giant lipoma in the tendon sheath. The preoperative diagnosis was a surface lipoma for the lack of clinical experience. Only color Doppler ultrasound is performed in the outpatient clinic. The preoperative examination was not sufficient, so the difficulties of the surgery was increased. We share the process for the clinician.

Lipoma is the most common superficial benign tumor in clinical practice. Generally, lipoma is small in size. Giant lipoma is not common, and giant lipoma in tendon sheath is rare. We reports a case of axillary subcutaneous lipoma and giant lipoma in the tendon sheath. The preoperative diagnosis was a surface lipoma for the lack of clinical experience. Only color Doppler ultrasound is performed in the outpatient clinic. The preoperative examination was not sufficient, so the difficulties of the surgery was increased. We share the process for the clinician.

Objective:To explore a surgical method for patients with moderate to severe hypertrophy of the labia minora, obvious pigmentation, and bilateral asymmetry.Methods:From August 2016 to August 2018, we applied a combined wedge resection and marginal arc resection to 23 cases of labia minora hypertrophy.Results:There were no complications such as infection and hematoma, and the incision healed in one stage. The follow-up period was from 1 month to 6 months. The width of the labia minora did not exceed 1.5 cm, and the appearance was natural, beautiful and rejuvenated. The patients were satisfied.Conclusions:Layered wedge resection combined with edge arc resection of the labia minora has the advantages of natural youthful appearance, low secondary surgical repair rate, fewer postoperative complications, and high patient satisfaction. It is agood approach for the labia majora, especially the moderate to severe type. Patients with obvious pigmentation and bilateral asymmetry are an ideal candidates for this method.

Objective:To investigate the effect of modified alar reduction with external incision to correct alar hypertrophy.Methods:From January 2017 to January 2019, 16 patients(1 male and 15 females, aged 21 to 39 with alar hypertrophy were treated in the plastic surgery department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Modified alar reduction with external incision were applied. In order to rotate the free alar lobules, the incision was extended in nasal lobules to the vestibular floor and remove part of the vestibular tissue of the alar lobules during the operation. Then the free alar was moved into the nostril to make the alar junction shift inward and upward, and reposition the alar junction to correct the alar hypertrophy and the wide nasal base. Photos of patients in frontal, side, and basal view before operation, 1 month, 6 months after operation. Intercanthal distance (ICD)、interinter-alar width (IW)、nasal base width (BW) were measured. The ratios of IW, BW and ICD before operation, 1 month, and 6 months after operation, and the narrowing rate of IW and BW at 1 month and 6 months after operation were summarized. The incision scar was evaluated with reference to the Vancouver Scar Scale. Normally distributed variables were compared using an paired t test. Nonparametric continuous variables were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. When P<0.05, the difference is considered statistically significant. Results:Sixteen patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months, averaged of 8 months. The IW/ICD of 16 patients at preoperation, after operation 1 month and 6 months were 1.160±0.080, 1.049±0.047 (0.110±0.049 decrease than before operation) and 1.038±0.047 (0.120±0.049 decrease than before operation). The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The IW constriction rates were 9.3% at 1 month after operation and 10.2% at 6 months after operation. BW/ICD at preoperation, after operation 1 month and 6 months were 1.035±0.047, 0.960±0.039(0.072±0.019 smaller than preoperation), and 0.950±0.034(0.079±0.020 smaller than preoperation). Compared with preoperative data, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The BW reduction rates were 7.0% at 1 month after operation and 7.6% at 6 months after operation. The Vancouver Scar Scale score was 3(2.25, 3) at 1 month after operation, 1(0.25, 1) at 3 months after operation and 1(0, 1) at 6 months after operation. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between 3 months after surgery and 1 month after surgery ( Z=-3.472, P=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between 6 months after surgery and 3 months after surgery ( Z=-1.414, P=0.157). All patients had no significant postoperative complications such as incision infection, asymmetry of nasal alae, obstruction of nasal ventilation, etc. Postoperative alar and nasal base profiles were significantly improved. Conclusions:Modified alar reduction with external incision can effectively treat alar hypertrophy without obvious postoperative complications. It is a good operation to correct alar hypertrophy.

Objective:This study aims to explore the potential effects of adipose-derived stem cell-extracellular vesicles(ASC-EVs) on TGFβ-Smad signaling pathway during myofibroblast trans-differentiation in vitro. Methods:ASCs were isolated from liposuction and flow cytometry was used to detect the surface protein markers. ASC-EVs were isolated from the supernatant of the third to fifth generation ASCs, and the microscopic morphology was observed by transmission electron microscope. The particle size distribution was detected by nano-particle tracking analyzer NanoSight and the membrane surface marker proteins CD63, Alix and TSG101 were detected by flow cytometry. The uptake of EVs by dermal fibroblasts co-cultured with PKH67 fluorescence labeled ASC-EVs was observed by confocal microscope. Dermal fibroblasts were continuously induced by TGFβ1 for five days, and ASC-EVs at the dose of 50 and 100 μg/ml were added. The expression of α-SMA and Smad-2/3/4 were detected by immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR and Western Blot.Results:The results of flow cytometry showed that the surface markers CD73, CD49d, CD90 and CD105 of the third generation ASCs, were positive, and CD34 and CD45 were negative. Under transmission electron microscope, ASC-EVs was a round membranous vesicle with clear edge and surrounded by bilayer phospholipid membrane. The particle size of more than 95% of the ASC-EVs was distributed between 30 nm to 261 nm, with an average of (166.0±86.1)nm. The specific marker proteins of extracellular vesicle, CD63, Alix and TSG101 were highly expressed. Under confocal microscope, ASC-EVs with green fluorescence were uptake by dermal fibroblasts and distributed in the cytoplasm, and part of ASC-EVs was distributed around the nucleus.TGF-β1 induced a significant increase in the expression of α-SMA in dermal fibroblasts, and the addition of 50 or 100 μg/ml ASC-EVs reduced the expression of α-SMA genes and proteins, but did not show a dose-dependent manner. The gene and protein expression changes of Smad-2/3/4 were consistent with α-SMA. In addition, ASC-EVs could significantly reduced the content of type Ⅰ collagen in the supernatant, but had no significant effect on the secretion of type Ⅲ collagen.Conclusions:The mechanism of ASC-EVs inhibiting scar hyperplasia may be closely related to the suppression of TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway in dermal fibroblasts, inhibition of myofibroblast trans-differentiation and reduction of type Ⅰ collagen secretion.