Postoperative abdominal adhesions, commonly known as postoperative intestinal adhesions, refers to abnormal adhesions between abdominal organs or between abdominal organs and the wall peritoneum caused by surgical injuries, which is the most common complication of abdominal surgery. Patients usually experience abdominal pain, abdominal distension, constipation, and in severe symptoms such as intestinal obstruction, intestinal necrosis, and female infertility, which seriously affect their quality of life and make it difficult to undergo another surgery. At present, postoperative abdominal adhesions are mainly prevented, and there is still no reliable diagnosis and treatment strategy for patients who experience adhesion-related symptoms after surgery. The current diagnosis still relies on surgical exploration as the gold standard, and can also be diagnosed based on clinical manifestations, combined with ultrasound, cine-MRI, and some laboratory tests. Gas abdominal CT three-dimensional simulation imaging of the peritoneal cavity is a promising diagnostic method. Although surgery is widely recognized as an effective treatment method, clinicians only choose surgical intervention when dealing with severe acute adhesive intestinal obstruction patients. Therefore, the current treatment mainly includes non-surgical treatment including traditional chinese medicine. This article reviews the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative abdominal adhesions in order to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.