AIM: To compare the changes in corneal epithelial thickness(CET)after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK).METHODS: A total of 187 patients(187 eyes)who underwent either SMILE or FS-LASIK at Urumqi Aier Eye Hospital between December 2022 and November 2023 were collected. The patients were divided into SMILE group and FS-LASIK group according to surgical methods. The CET of the patients was measured by optical coherence tomography(OCT)system before surgery and at 1 wk, 1, 3, and 6 mo postoperatively.RESULTS: Changes in corneal epithelial thickness(△CET)in the central, paracentral, and mid-peripheral regions were compared at 6 mo postoperatively. The SMILE group was characterized by the most significant thickening in the central area and the least thickening in the mid-peripheral area; while the FS-LASIK group was characterized by the most significant thickening in the paracentral area and the least thickening in the mid-peripheral region. At 1 wk, 1, 3, and 6 mo postoperatively, within the 0-7 mm corneal area, the △CET for both the SMILE and FS-LASIK groups was correlated with the preoperative spherical equivalent.CONCLUSION: Within 6 mo postoperatively, both SMILE and FS-LASIK showed a similar trend in epithelial thickening but with distinct characteristics. The change in corneal epithelial thickness for both procedures was positively correlated with the preoperative diopter.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Dihuang Yinzi on the cognitive function in the mouse model of learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine （SCOP） and explore the treatment mechanism. MethodsA mouse model of learning and memory impairment was induced by intraperitoneal injection of SCOP. Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into six groups： control （0.9% NaCl， n=10）， model （SCOP 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， n=10）， low-， medium-， and high-dose Dihuang Yinzi （SCOP 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 + Dihuang Yinzi 5.5， 11.0， and 22.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1， n=10）， and donepezil （SCOP 1 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 + donepezil 0.84 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， n=10）. Mice were administrated with corresponding drugs for 6 weeks. Modeling started in the 4th week， and mice in other groups except the control group were injected with SCOP intraperitoneally 40 min after daily gavage. Behavioral testing began in the 5th week， 30 min after modeling each day. The Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were carried out to evaluate the spatial learning and memory function of mice. Nissl staining was employed to observe the survival of neurons and Nissl bodies in the hippocampal CA1 region. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of silent information regulator 2 （SIRT2）， α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid （AMPA） receptor 1 （GluA1）， protein kinase A （PKA）， cAMP response element-binding protein （CREB）， phosphorylated-CREB （p-CREB）， postsynaptic density protein 95 （PSD95）， growth-associated protein-43 （GAP-43）， and synaptophysin （SYN） in the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of doublecortin （DCX） in the hippocampal dentate gyrus （DG） region. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed impaired learning and memory （P<0.01）， obvious neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region， a reduction in neuron survival （P<0.01）， a decrease in DCX expression in the hippocampal DG region （P<0.01）， down-regulated proteins levels of GluA1， PKA， p-CREB/CREB， PSD95， SYN， and GAP-43 in the hippocampal tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and an up-regulated protein level of SIRT2 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the medium- and high-dose Dihuang Yinzi groups and the donepezil group showed improvements in learning and memory （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the low-， medium-， and high-dose Dihuang Yinzi groups and the donepezil group had increased neuron survival （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium-dose Dihuang Yinzi group and the donepezil group showed increased DCX expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium- and high-dose Dihuang Yinzi groups and the donepezil group showed up-regulation in the protein levels of GluA1， PKA， p-CREB/CREB， PSD95， SYN， and GAP-43 （P<0.05， P<0.01） and down-regulation in the protein level of SIRT2 （P<0.01）. ConclusionDihuang Yinzi can improve the cognitive function in the mouse model of learning and memory impairments induced by SCOP by inhibiting the upregulation of SIRT2， activating the PKA/CREB signaling pathway， improving synaptic plasticity， and reducing hippocampal neuronal damage.

AIM: To observe the changes of corneal densitometry(CD)and higher-order aberrations after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE), and to explore their correlations and influencing factors.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 62 high-degree myopia and compound myopic astigmatism patients(62 eyes)who underwent SMILE in Urumqi Aier Eye Hospital from December 2022 to November 2023 were collected. The CD, root mean square of corneal higher-order aberrations(RMS HOA), spherical aberration, vertical coma, horizontal coma, and corneal epithelial thickness(CET)of the patients were measured before surgery, and at 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 3, and 6 mo after surgery, respectively.RESULTS:There were 4 patients lost to follow-up during the period, all due to failure to attend scheduled reexaminations. The number of complete and valid cases was 58 eyes. The CD in the central and paracentral regions of the anterior, middle, and total layer of the cornea increased significantly on the first day after surgery(all P<0.003). At 6 mo after surgery, there was a slight but statistically significant decrease in the CD of the central and paracentral regions of the anterior and the total anterior layer(all P<0.003). Compared with the preoperative baseline values, the RMS HOA, spherical aberration, and vertical coma significantly increased at 6 mo after surgery(all P<0.003), while the change in horizontal coma was not statistically significant. Compared with the preoperative baseline values, the CET in the central, paracentral, and peripheral regions of the cornea, as well as the total average CET in the 0-7 mm range of the cornea increased at 6 mo after surgery(all P<0.003). At 1 d after surgery, CD of the anterior layer and total layer in the central region of the cornea were positively correlated with the CET in the central region(rs=0.327, rs=0.250, all P<0.05). At 6 mo after the surgery, the CD of the middle layer and posterior layer in the central corneal region were negatively correlated with the preoperative spherical equivalent and the change of RMS HOA(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The anterior CD decreases at 6 mo after SMILE for high myopia correction, and there is a certain correlation between the changes in CD and some clinical parameters.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Buzhong Yiqitang on the abnormal expression of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C （SFTPC） and lung injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia （CIH） and the mechanism of action. MethodsForty healthy adult male SPF-grade C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into five experimental groups： a normoxia group， a CIH group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose Buzhong Yiqitang groups， with eight mice in each group. During the modeling， mice in the normoxia group were housed under standard oxygen concentrations， while the CIH and all Buzhong Yiqitang groups were placed in a hypoxic chamber for 8 h daily over 35 d. Prior to each chamber session， mice in the low-， medium-， and high-dose Buzhong Yiqitang groups were administered decoctions by gavage at corresponding doses （8.1， 16.2， 32.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1 of crude drug， respectively）， while those in normoxia and CIH groups received an equivalent volume of saline by gavage. The general conditions of the mice were recorded before and after the experiment. Pulmonary function was assessed using a non-invasive detection system. Serum SFTPC levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Apoptosis in lung tissue was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL）. Protein expression of SFTPC， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase （PERK）， phosphorylated PERK （p-PERK）， eukaryotic initiation factor 2α （eIF2α）， phosphorylated eIF2α （p-eIF2α）， activating transcript factor 4 （ATF4）， and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein （CHOP） in lung tissue was analyzed by Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to assess the expression of SFTPC and CHOP proteins in lung tissue. ResultsCompared to those in the normoxia group， mice in the CIH group showed significantly impaired pulmonary function and increased histopathological lung injury scores （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum SFTPC levels increased， while SFTPC expression in lung tissue was reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The rate of apoptotic cells in lung tissue increased， and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers p-PERK， p-eIF2α， ATF4， and CHOP was upregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the CIH group， Buzhong Yiqitang intervention improved pulmonary function indicators and decreased the histopathological lung injury scores （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum SFTPC levels were decreased， and lung tissue SFTPC expression was recovered （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The apoptotic rate of lung tissue cells was significantly reduced， with downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Activation and expression of p-PERK， p-eIF2α， ATF4， and CHOP were also decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBuzhong Yiqitang can alleviate lung injury and improve pulmonary function by reducing lung cell apoptosis and enhancing alveolar surfactant secretion， which may be related to the modulation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate factors that affect the treatment effect of laser vitrectomy for vit-reous opacity and the related factors that affect patient satisfaction,so as to evaluate its clinical value.Methods A total of 196 patients with vitreous opacity treated using the Ultra Q ReflexTM Nd:YAG laser system at our hospital between October 2019 and February 2024 were enrolled.Patient medical records and satisfaction questionnaires were analyzed.Investigational data underwent machine-coded classification,and a Python-based decision tree prediction model was employed to identify factors affecting treatment outcomes.Stata18.0 OLS linear regression was used to assess correlations between patient satisfaction and variables such as healthcare provider quality,treatment accessibility,and medical environment.Results After laser vitrectomy,95.3%of patients with vitreous opacity showed significant improvement in symptoms,and 90.3%expressed satisfac-tion with the improvement in postoperative visual quality.Patients'gender,age,preoperative vitreous opacity morphology,and refractive error below-6.00D had an impact on the treatment outcome(P<0.05).Python decision tree analysis demonstrated superior efficacy in patients aged>30-45 years with 6-12 months of symptom duration and refractive error<-6.00D.Stata18.0 OLS linear regression analysis showed that all examined variables were positively correlated at the 1%significance level,with patients'expected feelings having the greatest impact on postoperative satisfaction with treatment(r=1.053).Conclusion Ultra Q Nd:YAG laser vitreous ablation demonstrates high safety and patient satisfaction for vitreous opacity treatment.

Abstract Inhibitor of DNA binding 1(ID1) is a crucial regulator of cell differentiation and plays a significant role in maintaining normal hematopoietic differentiation and development. Due to the lack of DNA-binding motif, ID1 functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of basic helix-loop-helix factors to antagonize their abilities to bind to DNA and transcriptionally regulate target genes. Abnormal expression of ID1 is strongly associated with various hematologic disorders, including myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma and myeloproliferative neoplasms. ID1 acts as a potential oncogene by participating in multiple signaling pathways that promote the malignant proliferation, invasion and therapy resistance in leukemic cells. Significant strides have yielded promising antileukemic effects of ID1 inhibitors, both alone and in combination with targeted therapies against oncogenic signaling pathways. Here, we review the relationship between ID1 expression and the initiation and progression of blood disorders, and summarize the clinical significance of ID1 as a novel therapeutic target and potential prognostic biomarker for hematologic malignancies.

AIM: To investigate the application of biological amniotic membrane soaked in pirfenidone(PFD)and to evaluate its anti-scarring effect and toxic side effects on glaucoma model of rabbit eyes.METHODS: The right eyes of 72 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 0.5%PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group, biological amniotic membrane group, mitomycin C(MMC)group and blank control group after the glaucoma model was established by anterior chamber injection of compound carbomer solution, and 18 rabbits in each group underwent trabeculectomy, in which the 0.5% PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group was placed with 0.5% PFD solution-soaked biological amniotic membrane under the scleral flap, and the biological amniotic membrane group was placed with normal saline-soaked rehydrated biological amniotic membrane under the scleral flap. In the MMC group, a cotton pad soaked in MMC was placed under the scleral flap for 3 min and immediately rinsed with normal saline, while the blank control group received no implant after the scleral flap was made. The intraocular pressure(IOP), filtration blebs, toxic side effects and complications were evaluated, and the histopathological changes in the filtration area were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE), Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: The mean IOP at 14, 21 and 28 d after trabeculectomy were 0.5%PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group<MMC group<biological amniotic membrane group<blank control group(all P<0.05). At 28 d after trabeculectomy, 0.5%PFD+ biological amniotic membrane group had the best effect of anti-inflammatory hyperplasia and inhibition of collagen formation, the highest survival rate of filtration blebs, and the inflammatory reaction was mild.CONCLUSION: Biological amniotic membrane soaked in pirfenidone has more obvious anti-scarring effect on glaucoma model, with less toxic side effects and good safety.

Objective : To investigate the expression levels and potential clinical significance of pre-B-cell leukemia homologous box 3 (PBX3) in bone marrow samples from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . Methods : The mRNA expression levels of PBX3 were determined by bioinformatics which analyzed the RNAseq data of 33 malignancies from the cancer genome atlasdatabase． (TCGA) The correlations among the expression levels of PBX3，the clinical parameters and prognosis of AML patients were further analyzed．The differentially expressed genes in the whole transcriptome were analyzed to identify the molecular network in AML caused by PBX3 expression abnormalities. Results : The mRNA expression levels of PBX3 were up-regulated in 12 malignancies，and the altitudes increased most significantly in AML than any other cancer types．Patients with high PBX3 expression showed shorter overall survival and disease-free survival than patients with low PBX3 expression．High PBX3 expression was significantly associated with FLT3，NPM1，and DNMT3A mutation．PBX3 expression was positively correlated with multiple ho- meobox genes (including most HOXA and HOXB genes ，MEIS1 ) ，and the expression levels of these homeobox genes were all negatively correlated with AML patients overall survival． Conclusion PBX3 high expression in the bone marrow of AML patients is a potential biomarker for poor prognosis ，and it may have extensive interactions with other homeobox genes.

Objective To explore the availability and safety of conducting low-pressure TURP assisted by a home-made cystometry and warning system.Methods 167 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients admitted from Jan 2014 to Jan 2016 were randomly assigned into cystostomy group (group A) and non-cystostomy group (group B). In group A (n = 85), 42 patients (group A1) were performed percutaneous cystostomy + TURP, and 43 (group A2) were performed continuous flushing sheath TURP. In group B (n = 82), 42 patients (group B1) were received percutaneous cystostomy + TURP, and 40 (group B2) were received continuous lfushing sheath TURP. In group A, bladder pressure was monitored in real time with a cystometry and was monitored by bladder puncture using a home-made siphon, ensuring low bladder pressure throughout TURP. Serum Na+ levels were measured before and after operation in all four groups. The operation time, the intraoperative bleeding, the weight of resected prostates and the time before which urine turned clear were recorded. The IPSS, maximum lfow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual volume (PVR) and life quality score (QOL) were evaluated.Results While no significant differences were found between group A1 and A2, there were significant differences between group B1 and B2, indicating cystostomy group was safer than non-cystostomy group. When compared group A1 with B1, or group A2 with B2, it showed that the safe operation time to perform prostate tissue resection was longer in cystostomy group; the weight of the resected prostates was heavier; the time before which urine turned clear were shorter; and the IPSS improvement was better. These findings presented better therapeutic effects in cystostomy group than in non-cystostomy group.Conclusions This home-made cystometry and warning system could timely detect high bladder pressure state during TURP, making it possible to avoid of high pressure, ensuring low bladder pressure lfushing during the operation, lengthening the safe operation time, increasing tissue resection ratio, reducing transurethral resection syndrome, thus helping TURP to be safer.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and risk factors in early and advanced menopausal women with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods A total of 259 menopausal women with CHD confirmed by coronary angiography in our hospital were selected as research objects,among whom 102 cases were in menopause≤ 10 years group,and 157 cases in menopause ＞ 10 years group.The clinical characteristics and risk factors of two groups were compared.Results The menopause ≤ 10 years group had higher incidence rate of hypertension and estrogen levels(P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference in HLD-C,and TC levels,and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) reached the degree of atherosclerosis.Menopause ＞ 10 years group showed a significantly higher incidence of diabetes,but LDL-C level and estrogen levels was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05).The coronary artery disease in the menopause≤ 10 years group mainly occurred in single lesion,while the menopause ＞ 10 years group in double or multi-vessel lesion (P ＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that hypertension,diabetes,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were risk factors for coronary heart disease,while estradiol was a protective factor.Conclusion Hypertension,diabetes,triglycerides,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased estrogen are risk factors for women with coronary heart disease.Conditions of vascular endothelium and atherosclerosis of early postmenopausal women are better than the advanced postmenopausal women,and estrogen alternative is favorable for the patients.