Objective:It aims to measure and analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the new quality productivity in China's healthcare service system,in order to reveal the current situation and existing problems of China's medical and health service system,and provide decision-making reference for further optimizing healthcare resource allocation,improving service efficiency and quality,and promoting the deep implementation of the"Healthy China"strategy.Methods:The new quality of productivity in China's healthcare service system from 2010 to 2019 was measured using the entropy weighted TOPSIS method,and the degree of association between each indicator and the new quality of productivity was explored using grey correlation analysis.The dynamic evolution of the new quality productivity in China's healthcare service system was explored using kernel density estimation,and the regional disparities were studied using the Dagum Gini coefficient.Results:The new quality productivity in China's healthcare service system showed an overall upward trend during the sample observation period.The efficiency of medical services,resource utilization level,human resource allocation,and financial input had a significant impact on the improvement of the new quality productivity in the healthcare service system.However,regional disparities constrain the overall development of China's healthcare service system.Conclusion:To further enhance the new quality productivity in China's healthcare service system and promote the equity,efficiency,and sustainable development of healthcare services,efforts should be made to strengthen talent training and recruitment,strengthen investment and upgrading of medical equipment;promote innovation in the medical and health service system;and enhance policy support and regulatory oversight.

Objective:It aims to measure and analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the new quality productivity in China's healthcare service system,in order to reveal the current situation and existing problems of China's medical and health service system,and provide decision-making reference for further optimizing healthcare resource allocation,improving service efficiency and quality,and promoting the deep implementation of the"Healthy China"strategy.Methods:The new quality of productivity in China's healthcare service system from 2010 to 2019 was measured using the entropy weighted TOPSIS method,and the degree of association between each indicator and the new quality of productivity was explored using grey correlation analysis.The dynamic evolution of the new quality productivity in China's healthcare service system was explored using kernel density estimation,and the regional disparities were studied using the Dagum Gini coefficient.Results:The new quality productivity in China's healthcare service system showed an overall upward trend during the sample observation period.The efficiency of medical services,resource utilization level,human resource allocation,and financial input had a significant impact on the improvement of the new quality productivity in the healthcare service system.However,regional disparities constrain the overall development of China's healthcare service system.Conclusion:To further enhance the new quality productivity in China's healthcare service system and promote the equity,efficiency,and sustainable development of healthcare services,efforts should be made to strengthen talent training and recruitment,strengthen investment and upgrading of medical equipment;promote innovation in the medical and health service system;and enhance policy support and regulatory oversight.

The most prevalent kind of renal calculi,calcium oxalate(CaOx),is characterized by its propensi-ty for recurrence in the urinary system.The development of CaOx renal calculi is greatly affected by macrophage polariza-tion.Particular oxalate causes an imbalance in macrophage polarization,which skews the M1/M2 ratio and makes it easier for CaOx crystals to accumulate in the kidneys and grow into calcium plaques in the renal papilla.Notably,M2 macro-phages can prevent CaOx renal calculi by consuming crystals and reducing inflammatory stress.As a result,immunothera-peutic techniques that alter M1 and M2 macrophage polarization are extremely promising for preventing CaOx renal calcu-li.To clarify the respective roles of M1 and M2 macrophages in the formation of CaOx crystals and provide insights for de-veloping immunotherapeutic interventions against CaOx renal calculi,this review summarizes the mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization in the genesis of CaOx renal calculi.

Objective:To study the time evolution of financing burden and discuss the feasibility of provincial pooling by analyzing the panel data of"individual contribution burden ratio"and"government subsidy burden ratio"of residents'medical insurance in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2022.Methods:Spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity pattern;convergence analysis was used to analyze the inter-annual trends in the economic burden.Results:The"out-of-pocket ratio"increased year by year and the difference among cities was significant,the Moran's I value decreased year by year,and the geographical distribution pattern showed a random distribution pattern;the"government subsidy burden ratio"had little difference among cities,the global Moran's index value increased year by year,and the spatial agglomeration pattern was enhanced;both of them had σ convergence and absolute β convergence,showing a trend of balanced development.Conclusion:In order to promote provincial-level coordination,safeguard fund security and reduce the burden on residents,economic synergistic development strategies have been adopted to raise residents'incomes;emphasis has been placed on cutting back on income and expenditure,fine-tuning fund supervision;and reforming the financing mechanism,formulating fine-tuning financing standards and focusing on the increase in the cost of disease prevention and control have been adopted,so as to provide references for the improvement of the health insurance system and the promotion of the sustainable development of the health insurance cause.

Objective:To study the time evolution of financing burden and discuss the feasibility of provincial pooling by analyzing the panel data of"individual contribution burden ratio"and"government subsidy burden ratio"of residents'medical insurance in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2022.Methods:Spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity pattern;convergence analysis was used to analyze the inter-annual trends in the economic burden.Results:The"out-of-pocket ratio"increased year by year and the difference among cities was significant,the Moran's I value decreased year by year,and the geographical distribution pattern showed a random distribution pattern;the"government subsidy burden ratio"had little difference among cities,the global Moran's index value increased year by year,and the spatial agglomeration pattern was enhanced;both of them had σ convergence and absolute β convergence,showing a trend of balanced development.Conclusion:In order to promote provincial-level coordination,safeguard fund security and reduce the burden on residents,economic synergistic development strategies have been adopted to raise residents'incomes;emphasis has been placed on cutting back on income and expenditure,fine-tuning fund supervision;and reforming the financing mechanism,formulating fine-tuning financing standards and focusing on the increase in the cost of disease prevention and control have been adopted,so as to provide references for the improvement of the health insurance system and the promotion of the sustainable development of the health insurance cause.

Objective:To study the time evolution of financing burden and discuss the feasibility of provincial pooling by analyzing the panel data of"individual contribution burden ratio"and"government subsidy burden ratio"of residents'medical insurance in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2022.Methods:Spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity pattern;convergence analysis was used to analyze the inter-annual trends in the economic burden.Results:The"out-of-pocket ratio"increased year by year and the difference among cities was significant,the Moran's I value decreased year by year,and the geographical distribution pattern showed a random distribution pattern;the"government subsidy burden ratio"had little difference among cities,the global Moran's index value increased year by year,and the spatial agglomeration pattern was enhanced;both of them had σ convergence and absolute β convergence,showing a trend of balanced development.Conclusion:In order to promote provincial-level coordination,safeguard fund security and reduce the burden on residents,economic synergistic development strategies have been adopted to raise residents'incomes;emphasis has been placed on cutting back on income and expenditure,fine-tuning fund supervision;and reforming the financing mechanism,formulating fine-tuning financing standards and focusing on the increase in the cost of disease prevention and control have been adopted,so as to provide references for the improvement of the health insurance system and the promotion of the sustainable development of the health insurance cause.

Objective:To study the time evolution of financing burden and discuss the feasibility of provincial pooling by analyzing the panel data of"individual contribution burden ratio"and"government subsidy burden ratio"of residents'medical insurance in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2022.Methods:Spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity pattern;convergence analysis was used to analyze the inter-annual trends in the economic burden.Results:The"out-of-pocket ratio"increased year by year and the difference among cities was significant,the Moran's I value decreased year by year,and the geographical distribution pattern showed a random distribution pattern;the"government subsidy burden ratio"had little difference among cities,the global Moran's index value increased year by year,and the spatial agglomeration pattern was enhanced;both of them had σ convergence and absolute β convergence,showing a trend of balanced development.Conclusion:In order to promote provincial-level coordination,safeguard fund security and reduce the burden on residents,economic synergistic development strategies have been adopted to raise residents'incomes;emphasis has been placed on cutting back on income and expenditure,fine-tuning fund supervision;and reforming the financing mechanism,formulating fine-tuning financing standards and focusing on the increase in the cost of disease prevention and control have been adopted,so as to provide references for the improvement of the health insurance system and the promotion of the sustainable development of the health insurance cause.

Objective:To study the time evolution of financing burden and discuss the feasibility of provincial pooling by analyzing the panel data of"individual contribution burden ratio"and"government subsidy burden ratio"of residents'medical insurance in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2022.Methods:Spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity pattern;convergence analysis was used to analyze the inter-annual trends in the economic burden.Results:The"out-of-pocket ratio"increased year by year and the difference among cities was significant,the Moran's I value decreased year by year,and the geographical distribution pattern showed a random distribution pattern;the"government subsidy burden ratio"had little difference among cities,the global Moran's index value increased year by year,and the spatial agglomeration pattern was enhanced;both of them had σ convergence and absolute β convergence,showing a trend of balanced development.Conclusion:In order to promote provincial-level coordination,safeguard fund security and reduce the burden on residents,economic synergistic development strategies have been adopted to raise residents'incomes;emphasis has been placed on cutting back on income and expenditure,fine-tuning fund supervision;and reforming the financing mechanism,formulating fine-tuning financing standards and focusing on the increase in the cost of disease prevention and control have been adopted,so as to provide references for the improvement of the health insurance system and the promotion of the sustainable development of the health insurance cause.

Objective:To study the time evolution of financing burden and discuss the feasibility of provincial pooling by analyzing the panel data of"individual contribution burden ratio"and"government subsidy burden ratio"of residents'medical insurance in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2022.Methods:Spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity pattern;convergence analysis was used to analyze the inter-annual trends in the economic burden.Results:The"out-of-pocket ratio"increased year by year and the difference among cities was significant,the Moran's I value decreased year by year,and the geographical distribution pattern showed a random distribution pattern;the"government subsidy burden ratio"had little difference among cities,the global Moran's index value increased year by year,and the spatial agglomeration pattern was enhanced;both of them had σ convergence and absolute β convergence,showing a trend of balanced development.Conclusion:In order to promote provincial-level coordination,safeguard fund security and reduce the burden on residents,economic synergistic development strategies have been adopted to raise residents'incomes;emphasis has been placed on cutting back on income and expenditure,fine-tuning fund supervision;and reforming the financing mechanism,formulating fine-tuning financing standards and focusing on the increase in the cost of disease prevention and control have been adopted,so as to provide references for the improvement of the health insurance system and the promotion of the sustainable development of the health insurance cause.

Objective:To study the time evolution of financing burden and discuss the feasibility of provincial pooling by analyzing the panel data of"individual contribution burden ratio"and"government subsidy burden ratio"of residents'medical insurance in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2022.Methods:Spatial auto-correlation was used to analyze the spatial agglomeration and heterogeneity pattern;convergence analysis was used to analyze the inter-annual trends in the economic burden.Results:The"out-of-pocket ratio"increased year by year and the difference among cities was significant,the Moran's I value decreased year by year,and the geographical distribution pattern showed a random distribution pattern;the"government subsidy burden ratio"had little difference among cities,the global Moran's index value increased year by year,and the spatial agglomeration pattern was enhanced;both of them had σ convergence and absolute β convergence,showing a trend of balanced development.Conclusion:In order to promote provincial-level coordination,safeguard fund security and reduce the burden on residents,economic synergistic development strategies have been adopted to raise residents'incomes;emphasis has been placed on cutting back on income and expenditure,fine-tuning fund supervision;and reforming the financing mechanism,formulating fine-tuning financing standards and focusing on the increase in the cost of disease prevention and control have been adopted,so as to provide references for the improvement of the health insurance system and the promotion of the sustainable development of the health insurance cause.