Objective To investigate the effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices combined with anticoagulants for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after joint replacement surgery.Methods All of 400 patients were involved in this prospective randomized control study with 100 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients and 100 total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients in each group.All patients were operated under the general anesthesia.Patients in the control group received 10 mg of rivaroxaban per day beginning 6-8 hours after the surgery.Besides the prescription of rivaroxaban, IPC devices were used just after the anesthesia in the operating theater and lasted for 48 hours in the experimental group.The diagnosis of DVT in the lower extremities was made by color Duplex sonography on the second postoperative day.The incidence rate of DVT and symptomatic pulmonary embolism was recorded.The incidence rates of total DVT, proximal DVT (p-DVT, proximal to the trifurcation of the popliteal vein), distal DVT (d-DVT, in the anterior tibial vein, posterior tibial vein or peroneal vein) and intermuscular DVT were recorded.CT pulmonary angiography was used to confirm the pulmonary embolism if it was suspected.Results The incidence rates of overall, proximal, distal and intermuscular DVT were 9.5％, 0.5％, 0.5％, 8.5％ in the experimental group and 30％, 0.5％, 5.5％, 24％ in the control group respectively.The incidence rates of total DVT, distal DVT and intermuscular DVT were significantly lower in the experimental group.The incidence rate of DVT in TKA patients and THA patients were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group respectively.For patients with DVT, enoxaparin was used instead of rivaroxaban, and DVT was found disappeared by color Duplex sonography 10-12 days postoperatively.Conclusion Compared with the use of rivaroxaban alone, IPC devices combined with anticoagulants can significantly reduce the incidence rate of distal DVT and intermuscular DVT in the early postoperative period after joint replacement surgery.

Objective To evaluate the influences of femoral rotation on dynamic alignment of the lower extremity in TKA by computer assisted surgical technology.Methods From July 2013 to August 2013,76 consecutive patients with knee osteoarthritis undergone primary-single TKA in our hospital were enrolled,including 46 males and 30 females,aged from 64 to 78 years (average,71 years).All surgeries were completed by the same professional doctor.The PFC (fixed-bearing posterior stabilized) Sigma rotating-platform was selected for all patients,and computer navigation system (Stryker(R) Navigation System Ⅱ-Cart (Stryker corporation,Kalamazoo,Michigan,USA) was used.External rotation osteotomy of the distal femur during TKA was completed according to the pre-operative external rotation angle (ERA),intraoperative transepicondylar axis (TEA) and anteroposterior (AP) line.Passive dynamic alignment of the lower extremity during knee flexion was recorded.The variation trend of hip-knee-ankle (HKA) alignment and the influences of femoral external rotation osteotomy were analysed.Results ERA calculated by the computer navigation system according to Whiteside line,TEA and the mean of Whiteside line and TEA was 5.54°±2.86°,5.21°±2.60° and 5.34°±2.38°.Compared with the ERA measured by CT,no method was better than the other two.Postoperative deviation of HKA alignment from 0° to 90° flexion was associated with the rotational alignment of the femoral component.Trend of HKA alignment during knee flexion tended to be varus,valgus or neutral according to different angles of external rotation osteotomy of the distal femur.Conclusion The HKA alignment changes during the knee flexions.External rotation osteotomy of the distal femur played a crucial role in determining dynamic HKA alignment in TKA.

We prepared silver nanoparticles/polyethyleneimine-reduction graphene oxide (AgNP/rGO-PEI) composite materials, and evaluated their quality performance in our center. Firstly, we prepared AgNP/rGO-PEI, and then analysed its stability, antibacterial activity, and cellular toxicity by comparing the AgNP/rGO-PEI with the silver nanoparticles (PVP/AgNP) modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone. We found in the study that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) distributed relatively uniformly in AgNP/rGO-PEI surface, silver nanoparticles mass fraction was 4.5%, and particle size was 6-13 nm. In dark or in low illumination light intensity of 3 000 lx meter environment (lux) for 10 days, PVP/AgNP aggregation was more obvious, but the AgNP/rGO-PEI had good dispersibility and its aggregation was not obvious; AgNP/rGO-PEI had a more excellent antibacterial activity, biological compatibility and relatively low biological toxicity. It was concluded that AgNP/rGO-PEI composite materials had reliable quality and good performance, and would have broad application prospects in the future.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; Graphite ; chemistry ; Light ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Oxides ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Polyethyleneimine ; chemistry ; Silver Compounds ; chemistry

Laser technology is widely used in many medical fields such as general surgery, cardio-thoracic surgery, neurosurgery and urology. Laser has the characteristics of identical direction and high energy density, so that a laser knife leaves smooth incisions, less hemorrhage and less infection. The design presented in this paper applied the advanced laser technology in laryngoscopic operations, which increases efficiency and safety of the operation. The design included a laryngoscope, a laser-knife system host machine and a laser-knife, which were integrated in the front of the laryngoscope working terminal. Operators could choose the laser with appropriate wavelength to cut, irradiate, stop bleeding and coagulate the foreign objects or lesions of the larynx. A Chinese national patent (patent number ZL201020537693. 5) has been granted to the design.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Laryngoscopy ; instrumentation ; Laser Therapy ; instrumentation

Objective To evaluate laparoscopy assisted radio frequency ablation (LRFA) and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation ( PRFA ) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ).Methods A total of 525 HCC patients were enrolled,including LRFA group of 78 cases with 106 tumor nodules,and PRFA group of 447 cases with 565 tumor nodules.Results ( 1 ) In LRFA group complete ablation rate was 97.17％ (103/106); in LRFA group complete ablation rate was 93.09％ (526/565)(x2 =2.523,P =0.112).(2)The 1,3,5 year overall survival rate was 96.15％,55.12％ and 38.46％in LRFA group and 93.73％,48.54％ and 31.54％ in PRFA group respectively ( x2 =0.699,1.151,1.447 ; P =0.403,0.283,0.229 ).The 1,3,5 year disease-free survival rate was 94.87％,43.58％ and 28.21％ in LRFA group and 93.73％,48.54％ and 31.54％ in PRFA group respectively (x2 =0.915,0.303,0.174; P=0.339,0.582,0.676).The average disease-free survival time was 22.25 months in LRFA group and 21.53 months in PRFA group respectively.(3)The serious complications was 0％ (0/78)in LRFA group and 1.34％ ( 6/447 ) in PRFA group respectively.( 4 ) Recurrence rate was 23.07％(18/78) in LRFA group,and 34.89％ (156/447) in PRFA group ( x2 =4.189,P =0.041 ).Conclusions The therapeutical effect of LRFA equals that of PRFA,while enjoying lower recurrence rate,no serious complications and higher treatment safety.

Objective The existing laryngoscope can not be used to observe the ultrastructure of cells.As a result,doctors always have to conduct biopsies on some patients who can not be diagnosed.The timeconsuming procedure of biopsy may be detrimental to the timely diagnosis and treatment.To solve this problem,we aimed to design the integrative confocal-microscopic hard laryngoscope system (ICMHL).Methods ICMHL system integrated the technique of existing laryngoscope and confocal microscopy,which allows doctors to observe the macrostructure and microstructure of lesions at the same time. Results With the effect of fluorescein sodium,ICMHL system could record the dynamic changes of cells at a rate of 30 fps,and the confocal-microscopic host machine could photograph images at a rate of 230 fps and diagnose invisible minute lesions.Conclusion ICMHL system provides a new,real-time approach for clinic biopsy.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of non-invasive monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics for evaluating intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was employed to detect the hemodynamics of bilateral middle cerebral arteries, including systolic blood fl ow velocity (Vp), diastolic blood fl ow velocity (Vd), average fl ow velocity (Vm), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in 52 patients with moderate to severe TBI. At the same time, the CPP, ICP and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were monitored. The correlations between hemodynamics and MABP, ICP as well as CPP were analyzed. Results: The PI and RI were positively related to the ICP (r=0.881, P<0.0001; r=0.789, P<0.0001). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed PI was closely associated with ICP (ICP=-8.593+24.295PI; t=13.216, P<0.0001) and signifi cant correlation was also found between CPP and PI as well as MABP (CPP=15.596-22.886PI+0.910MABP; F= 76.597, P<0.0001). Conclusion: Non-invasive monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics by TCD can refl ect the real time changes in the ICP and CPP and may be used as an effective tool to monitor the ICP and CPP. This method is non-invasive, safe, cheap, repeatable and applicable in clinical practice.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of Fe3O4 nanometer magnetic fluid-induced hyperthermia on implanted liver cancer in nude mice under alternating magnetic field. Methods Nude mice model bearing implanted HepG2 was established. Mice were then randomly divided into 3 groups: the blank control group; the magnetic field group; nanometer magnetic fluid group. The magnetic field group were just put under the magnetic field; Nanometer magnetic fluid group received injection of PEG-PEI/Fe3O4 nanometer magnetic fluid under the alternating magnetic field. At the frequency of 40 kHz, and magnetic field of 5 kA/m, 15 minutes one day in the next 14 days. On the 7th day and the 15th day, the changes of tumor volume and weight were recorded, cell apoptosis were observed and recorded and pathological examination was done. Results On the 7th and the 15th day, in the nanometer magnetic fluid group, tumors' volume was smaller and the weight was lighter than other groups, and the tumor inhibitory rate of 54. 20% (t = 14. 506,P ＜0. 01 ) was significantly higher than the control group and the magnetic field group 22. 66% ( t = 7.497, P ＜ 0. 05 ). In the control group, tumor cells grew well, high density, the nucleus engrained, the shape irregular, the nuclear fission clear; compared with the control group, in the magnetic field group, tumor cells scatter thinly, intercellular substance increases, and necrosis area formed;in the nanometer magnetic fluid group, many of tumor cells died, their cell nucleus broke up and vanished,the blood vessel reduced obviously, and the tumor cell spread thinly. Conclusions Under the alternating magnetic field, PEG-PEI/Fe3O4 nanometer magnetic fluid inhibits liver cancer growth in nude mice model of HepG2.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that proliferation of cancer cells can be inhibited via RNA interference on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, few studies report RNA interference on the expression of VEGF in gallbladder carcinoma, OBJECTIVE: To design and screen shRNA targeting VEGF, and to observe the effect of small interfering RNA targeting on proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells. METHODS: The VEGF-shRNA fragment was synthetized and connected with pCYU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA plasmid vector, shRNA was transfected into gallbladder cancer cells. The gallbladder carcinoma models of nude mice were prepared and randomly divided into blank control, negative control and experimental groups, With 6 animals in each group. ShRNA was injected into tumor. Cell growth was detected by fluorescence microscope MTT. The RNA interference efficiency was examined by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. Changes of tumor volume were also observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gallbladder cancer cells ware shrunk with round shapes and a part of cells were dead after RNA interference on VEGF. shRNA-VEGF1 and shRNA-VEGF2 could signiticently inhibit mRNA gene expression of VEGF, the inhibition ratio was 86% and 82%, respectively. The tumor volume of the experimental group was smaller than the other groups, with slowly growth (P < 0.05). No obvious changes were found in the blank control and negative control groups. The constructed hVEGF-shRNA vector markedly decreases VEGF gene expression and inhibits cellular proliferation, eventually, to treat gallbladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has indicated that graphite carbon nanoparticles have a strong adsorbability. While, when the concentration is effectively controlled, graphite carbon nanoparticles also have well compatibility and sensitizing effect. OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphology of graphite carbon nanoparticles, and to investigate the effects of graphite carbon nanoparticles on cell proliferation and ultramicrostructure.METHODS: Graphite carbon nanoparticles (0.5 g) were put in 100 mL triple distilled water to obtain graphite carbon nanoparticle mother liquid after oscillation and microfiltration. HepG2 cells, L02 cells, HI7702 cells, and 3T3 cells in the logarithmic phase were adjusted to the concentration of 5×10~7/L and inoculated in 6-well culture plate with 0.5 mL per well. Thereafter, the cells were cultured with RPMI-1640 culture media (1.5 mL) containing fetal bovine serum, penicillin, and streptomycin. The original culture solution was removed after 24 hours. The 1-5 wells were considered as the experimental group, and 25, 10, 7.5, 5, 0.25 mg/Lgraphite carbon nanoparticles (2.0 mL) were respectively added into each well; while, the sixth well was considered as the blank control group without graphite carbon nanoparticles. The cells in the blank control group were cultured for 24 hours. Particle diameter was measured using atomic force microscopy; morphology was observed using electron microscope; effect of different concentrations of graphite carbon nanoparticles on cell number was detected using hemacytometry under optic microscope; the effect of 7.5 mg/L graphite carbon nanoparticles on ultramicrostructure was observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Graphite carbon nanoparticles were around and 20 nm diameter. Compared with the blank control group, cell numbers except HepG2 cells were increased, especially the effect of 7.5 mg/L graphite carbon nanoparticles was greatest (P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscope indicated that graphite carbon nanoparticles were distributed into cells, including cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondrion; while, subcellular structure damage and cell apoptosis and necrosis were absent. Graphite carbon nanoparticles have no side effects on in vitro cultured cells and can promote cell proliferation, showing a dose-dependence correlation, especially the concentration of 7.5 mg/L.