Magnetic stimulation has made significant strides in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, current magnetic stimulation techniques lack the precision to accurately modulate specific nuclei and cannot realize deep brain magnetic stimulation. To address this, we utilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as mediators to achieve precise targeting and penetration. We investigated the effects of magnetic fields with varying frequencies on neuronal activity and compared the activation effects on neurons using a 10-Hz precise magneto-stimulation system (pMSS) with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in mice. Oxytocin levels, dendritic morphology and density, and mouse behavior were measured before and after pMSS intervention. Our findings suggest that pMSS can activate oxytocinergic neurons, leading to upregulation of oxytocin secretion and neurite outgrowth. As a result, sociability was rapidly improved after a one-week pMSS treatment regimen. These results demonstrate a promising magneto-stimulation method for regulating neuronal activity in deep brain nuclei and provide a promising therapeutic approach for autism spectrum disorder.
Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods* ; Male ; Social Behavior ; Mice ; Oxytocin/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology*

Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare mutilating and lethal single-gene genodermatosis, and places a heavy burden on society and families. Cell therapy has become a very promising method for the treatment of EB due to its excellent and stable clinical efficacy. This review summarizes progress in laboratory research and clinical application of stem cell- and somatic cell-based therapies in EB in recent years.

Prevalence of childhood obesity is progressively increasing, reaching worldwide levels of 5.6% in girls and of 7.8% in boys. This also leads to a corresponding increase in the prevalence of obesity-associated morbidities particularly those involving obstructive sleep apnea（OSA）. Obesity is an independent risk factor and regulator of OSA in children. There is a bidirectional causal relationship between OSA and obesity in children. The factors involved in the association between OSA and obesity are systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota etc. However, a causal link between obesity-related inflammatory state and OSA pathogenesis still needs to be properly confirmed. The present review aimed to investigate the links between childhood obesity and OSA.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology* ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Inflammation

BACKGROUND: Some scholars have found that dermal papilla spheroid–derived exosomes could promote the development of hair follicles. However, whether adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have a similar effect on hair growth has not been determined yet. Thus, the purpose of this article was to detect whether ADSC-Exos could promote hair regeneration. METHODS: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated from 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Then, ADSC-Exos were isolated from the ADSCs. Western blotting was used to detect specific exosome markers. The particle size and distribution of the exosomes were analyzed by NanoSight dynamic light scattering. A total of 12 nude mice were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6 each): the ADSC-Exos group and the control group. For the control group, a mixture of freshly isolated dermal cells (DCs) and epidermal cells (ECs) was grafted. For the ADSC-Exos group, a mixture of DCs, ECs, and 50 lg/ml of ADSC-Exos was grafted. Gross evaluation of the hair regeneration was carried out 2–3 weeks after the transplantation, and the graft site was harvested for histology at the third week. Results: The existence of exosomes derived from ADSCs was evidenced by CD63, ALX1, and CD9 expression. Two or three weeks after the grafting, the number of regenerated hairs in the ADSC-Exos group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Histologically, the terminal hairs were remarkable in the ADSC-Exos group, whereas the hair follicles observed in the control group were comparatively immature. The ADSC-Exos group had a higher number of regenerated follicles than the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that the skin tissues in the ADSC-Exos group had higher PDGF and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions and lower transforming growth factor beta 1 levels than those in the control group CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ADSC-Exos could promote in vivo hair follicle regeneration.

BACKGROUND: Some scholars have found that dermal papilla spheroid–derived exosomes could promote the development of hair follicles. However, whether adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ADSC-Exos) have a similar effect on hair growth has not been determined yet. Thus, the purpose of this article was to detect whether ADSC-Exos could promote hair regeneration. METHODS: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated from 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Then, ADSC-Exos were isolated from the ADSCs. Western blotting was used to detect specific exosome markers. The particle size and distribution of the exosomes were analyzed by NanoSight dynamic light scattering. A total of 12 nude mice were randomly divided into two groups (n = 6 each): the ADSC-Exos group and the control group. For the control group, a mixture of freshly isolated dermal cells (DCs) and epidermal cells (ECs) was grafted. For the ADSC-Exos group, a mixture of DCs, ECs, and 50 lg/ml of ADSC-Exos was grafted. Gross evaluation of the hair regeneration was carried out 2–3 weeks after the transplantation, and the graft site was harvested for histology at the third week. Results: The existence of exosomes derived from ADSCs was evidenced by CD63, ALX1, and CD9 expression. Two or three weeks after the grafting, the number of regenerated hairs in the ADSC-Exos group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Histologically, the terminal hairs were remarkable in the ADSC-Exos group, whereas the hair follicles observed in the control group were comparatively immature. The ADSC-Exos group had a higher number of regenerated follicles than the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that the skin tissues in the ADSC-Exos group had higher PDGF and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions and lower transforming growth factor beta 1 levels than those in the control group CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ADSC-Exos could promote in vivo hair follicle regeneration.

Hepatic Stellate Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Signal Transduction

Objective To observe the expression of TGF?RⅠ,TGF?RⅡ and Smad7 in oxazolone-induced colitis of mice and to investigate the role of the TGF? signal transduction on pathogenesis of colitis. Methods Balb/c mice were pre-sensitized by skin painting with 0.2 ml 3% oxazolone on day 0 and 1 followed by intrarectal administration of 0.15 ml 1% oxazolone on day 7. The mice were sacrificed after 3 days. Colitis was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic examination. The expressions of TGF?RⅠ, TGF?RⅡ and Smad 7 were examined by immunohistochemical study and Western blot respectively. All the results were compared with the controls. Results Twenty-four hours after intrarectal administration of oxazolone, the mice presented anorexia, less moving, loose stool, hematochezia or occult blood(+) and weight loss. The macroscopic and microscopic scores in two groups were 0.17?0.41, 2.67?1.03 and 2.33?0.52, 8.17?0.75, respectively. In the normal intestine, TGF?RⅠ, TGF?Ⅱ and Smad7 were mainly co-localized on the upper part of the villus. However, their expression was not only throughout the villus including fundus of crypts, but also in the mononuclear cells of the lamina propria and submucosa in the experimental intestine. The amounts of TGF?RⅠ, TGF?Ⅱ, Smad7 and the ratio of TGF?RⅠ/Ⅱ in control and colitis groups were 3.40?1.25, 21.71?6.97, 8.95?2.12, 0.16?0.01 and 6.49?3.18, 4.40?3.34, 17.92?6.80, 2.14?1.61, respectively. Conclusions Decreased TGF?RⅡ and increased Smad7 expressions indicate the abnormality of TGF? signal transduction in oxazolone-induced colitis. These pathologic and immunologic characteristics may resemble human ulcerative colitis.