Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with 15 national ministries and commissions, has formulated the Implementation Plan on Establishing a Carbon Footprint Management System, and it is urgent for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pharmaceutical enterprises to carry out research on carbon footprint accounting methods of related products. Based on the life cycle assessment(LCA) theory, taking mulberry leaf extract produced by a certain enterprise as an example, this study analyzed the carbon footprint of TCM extracts during the life cycle. The results show that for every 1 kg of product produced, the carbon emissions from the stages of raw material acquisition, transportation, and extract production are-20.569, 1.205, and 173.577 kgCO_2eq(CO_2 equivalent), respectively. The carbon footprint of the product is 154.213 kgCO_2eq·kg~(-1). In addition, the carbon emission is the highest in the production stage, in which the consumption of ethanol solvents makes the greatest contribution to the carbon footprint, accounting for 25.71%, more than one-fourth of the total carbon footprint. The second contribution was from the treatment process of TCM residues, accounting for 19.67%, closely followed by wastewater treatment(17.71%), the consumption of hot steam(17.43%), and drinking water(16.90%). The consumption of electric power and packaging materials has a smaller carbon emission of 2.58%. In particular, the carbon emission caused by the consumption of packaging materials is only 0.04%, which is negligible. The results of the study are expected to provide a reference for TCM enterprises to carry out research on the carbon footprint of products, offer ideas for collaborative innovation in reducing pollution and carbon emissions throughout the entire industry chain of TCM, and develop new quality productivity of modern TCM industry based on green and low-carbon manufacturing.
Morus/chemistry* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry* ; Carbon Footprint ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/analysis* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To develop a ventilation system for the enhaned mobile biosafety level-2(BSL-2)laboratory to control the dispersed aerosol within the laboratory effectively.Methods A ventilation system for the enhanced mobile biosafety level-2 laboratory was designed with the concept of full fresh air ventilation,which realized air supply with 3-stage filtration and constant air volume control,and air exhaust with 1-stage high-efficiency filtration and variable air volume control.The buffer room had the layout of upside air supply and upside exhaust,with the air supply and exhaust equipment integrated into the ceiling;the experimental room had the layout of diagonally upside air supply and diagonally downside exhaust.Computa-tional fluid dynamics(CFD)software was used to analyze the airflow organization,temperature field and velocity field at 0°,30°,45°,60° and 90° air supply angles in order to verify the feasibility of the ventilation system design,and the distributions of aerosol concentration in the experimental room at different air supply angles were simulated to determine the optimal air supply angle.Results Investigations in terms of airflow organization,temperature field,velocity field and aerosol dispersion control showed in case of 60° air supply angel the enhanced mobile BSL-2 laboratory behaved the best and its core indexes all met the requirements of GB 27421-2015 Mobile laboratories—Generalrequirements for biosafety and T/CESC 662-2020 Architectural technical standard for BSL-2 laboratory in medical facilities including the number of air changes,static pressure difference,temperature and humidity,cleanliness and airflow direction.Conclusion Considerations have to be taken on the locations of supply and exhaust outlets,the facility layout and air supply angle when the enhanced mobile BSL-2 laboratory is designed so as to enhance the biosafety of the protective area.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(7):29-34]

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effect of Zero-profile intervertebral fusion with cage-titanium plate in treating multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. METHODS: From January 2016 to January 2020, 107 patients with multisegmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated by surgery were retrospectively analyzed and divided into Hybrid group and control group according to different surgical methods. There were 54 patients in Hybrid group, including 42 males and 12 females, aged from 33 to 77 years old with an average of (57.3±9.5) years old;20 patients with C₃-C₆, 27 patients with C₄-C₇ and 7 patients with C₃-C₇;Zero-profile intervertebral fusion with cage-titanium plate internal fixation was performed. There were 53 patients in control group, including 34 males and 19 females;aged from 36 to 79 years old with an average of (57.8±8.9) years old;17 patients with C₃-C₆, 27 patients with C₄-C₇, and 9 patients with C₃-C₇;titanium plate interbody fusion fixation was performed. Operation time, blood loss and complications between two groups were compared, visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores and neck disability index (NDI) were used to assess recovery of clinical symptoms;cervical lordosis (CL), cervical sagittal vertical axis (C-SVA), and T₁ slope (T₁S) were measured and compared to evaluate cervical sagittal plane parameters. RESULTS: All patients were followed up, Hybrid group was followed up for 24 to 64 months with an average of (31.7±18.4) months, and control group was followed up for 24 to 65 months with an average of (32.6±15.8) months. There was no significant difference in follow-up time between two groups (P>0.05). Operation time and blood loss in Hybrid group were less than those in control group (P<0.05). VAS, JOA score and NDI were significantly improved between two groups at the lastest follow-up (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in VAS, JOA and NDI scores between two groups before and after operation (P>0.05). CL in both two groups at 3 months and the latest follow-up after operation were significantly improved than those before operation (P<0.05), there were no significant difference between two groups in T1S and C-SVA before and after operation (P>0.05). Postoperative dysphagia occurred in 2 patients in Hybrid group and 9 patients in control group, and had statistically difference in the incidence of dysphagia between two groups (χ²=5.112, P=0.024). During the follow-up, there were no complications such as loosening, displacement or fracture of internal fixation between two groups. CONCLUSION Compared with titanium plate interbody fusion, Zero-profile intervertebral fusion combined with cage-titanium plate for the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy could shorten surgical time and blood loss, reduce surgical trauma and postoperative swallowing difficulties, and is conducive to early and rapid recovery.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion/instrumentation* ; Bone Plates ; Titanium ; Aged ; Spondylosis/surgery* ; Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Diseases/surgery*

Objective To analyze the survival status, distribution characteristics and social security of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Guizhou Province from 2006 to 2021. Methods The newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases reported in Guizhou Province from 2006 to 2021 were collected from the “Occupational Diseases and Hazards Monitoring Information System” under “National Health Insurance Disease Prevention and Control Information System”. Telephone or face-to-face surveys were conducted to investigate these patients. Results A total of 12 413 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis patients were reported in Guizhou Province from 2006 to 2021, with 11 192 cases included in the follow-up, and 10 631 cases were followed-up successfully. According to the follow-up study, 10 565 cases (accounting for 99.4%) were survived, and 66 cases (accounting for 0.6%) died. The number of pneumoconiosis showed an increasing trend followed by a sharp decline from 2006 to 2021, reaching its peak in 2016. The main industry of the newly pneumoconiosis cases was concentrated in the mining industry (accounting for 90.6%). The top three regions with surviving cases in the follow-up were Bijie City, Zunyi City, and Qiannan Prefecture, accounting for 34.0%, 25.4% and 12.0%, respectively. The main types of pneumoconiosis were coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis, accounting for 67.1% and 30.8%, respectively. Most cases were in the age group of 50 to <60 years old, accounting for 59.1%, and the majority of the workers had worked in dusty environments for 5 to <25 years, accounting for 91.5%. In terms of social security, about 89.5% of cases were in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents which was the most popular social security. The employer's compensation rate was 67.7%, and the work-related injury insurance participation rate was 51.5%. Conclusion Pneumoconiosis cases in Guizhou Province exhibit significant regional disparities. It has a high concentration in the industry, a younger age profile, and limited social security coverage. It is necessary to strengthen the special management of dust and industry supervision in mining industry, intensify follow-up work for pneumoconiosis cases, reinforce the construction of pneumoconiosis rehabilitation station in key regions, and improve the quality of life of pneumoconiosis cases.

The regulation of spermatogonial proliferation and apoptosis is of great significance for maintaining spermatogenesis. The single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of the testis was performed to identify genes upregulated in spermatogonia. Using scRNA-seq analysis, we identified the spermatogonia upregulated gene origin recognition complex subunit 6 (Orc6), which is involved in DNA replication and cell cycle regulation; its protein expression in the human and mouse testis was detected by western blot and immunofluorescence. To explore the potential function of Orc6 in spermatogonia, the C18-4 cell line was transfected with control or Orc6 siRNA. Subsequently, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays, flow cytometry, and western blot were used to evaluate its effects on proliferation and apoptosis. It was revealed that ORC6 could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of C18-4 cells. Bulk RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis indicated that Orc6 was involved in the activation of wingless/integrated (Wnt)/ β-catenin signaling. Western blot revealed that the expression of β-catenin protein and its phosphorylation (Ser675) were significantly decreased when silencing the expression of ORC6. Our findings indicated that Orc6 was upregulated in spermatogonia, whereby it regulated proliferation and apoptosis by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Five new terpenoids, including two vibsane-type diterpenoids (1, 2) and three iridoid allosides (3-5), together with eight known ones, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Viburnum odoratissimum var.sessiliflorum. Their planar structures and relative configurations were determined by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. The sugar moieties of the iridoids were confirmed as β-D-allose by GC analysis after acid hydrolysis and acetylation. The absolute configurations of neovibsanin Q (1) and dehydrovibsanol B (2) were determined by quantum chemical calculation of their theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and Rh₂(OCOCF₃)₄-induced ECD analysis. The anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1, 3, 4, and 5 were evaluated using an LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model. Compounds 3suppressed the release of NO in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ value of 55.64 μmol·L^-1. The cytotoxicities of compounds 1-5 on HCT-116 cells were assessed and the results showed that compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values of 13.8 and 12.3 μmol·L^-1, respectively.
Terpenes/pharmacology* ; Viburnum/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure ; Diterpenes/chemistry* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry*

Objective: To understand the current status of diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) /small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) among hematologists, oncologists, and lymphoma physicians from hospitals of different levels in China. Methods: This multicenter questionnaire survey was conducted from March 2021 to July 2021 and included 1,000 eligible physicians. A combination of face-to-face interviews and online questionnaire surveys was used. A standardized questionnaire regarding the composition of patients treated for CLL/SLL, disease diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, concomitant diseases, organ function evaluation, treatment selection, and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor was used. Results: ①The interviewed physicians stated that the proportion of male patients treated for CLL/SLL is higher than that of females, and the age is mainly concentrated in 61-70 years old. ②Most of the interviewed physicians conducted tests, such as bone marrow biopsies and immunohistochemistry, for patient diagnosis, in addition to the blood test. ③Only 13.7% of the interviewed physicians fully grasped the initial treatment indications recommended by the existing guidelines. ④In terms of cognition of high-risk prognostic factors, physicians' knowledge of unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable and 11q- is far inferior to that of TP53 mutation and complex karyotype, which are two high-risk prognostic factors, and only 17.1% of the interviewed physicians fully mastered CLL International Prognostic Index scoring system. ⑤Among the first-line treatment strategy, BTK inhibitors are used for different types of patients, and physicians have formed a certain understanding that BTK inhibitors should be preferentially used in patients with high-risk factors and elderly patients, but the actual use of BTK inhibitors in different types of patients is not high (31.6%-46.0%). ⑥BTK inhibitors at a reduced dose in actual clinical treatment were used by 69.0% of the physicians, and 66.8% of the physicians had interrupted the BTK inhibitor for >12 days in actual clinical treatment. The use of BTK inhibitors is reduced or interrupted mainly because of adverse reactions, such as atrial fibrillation, severe bone marrow suppression, hemorrhage, and pulmonary infection, as well as patients' payment capacity and effective disease progression control. ⑦Some differences were found in the perceptions and behaviors of hematologists and oncologists regarding the prognostic assessment of CLL/SLL, the choice of treatment options, the clinical use of BTK inhibitors, etc. Conclusion: At present, a gap remains between the diagnosis and treatment of CLL/SLL among Chinese physicians compared with the recommendations in the guidelines regarding the diagnostic criteria, treatment indications, prognosis assessment, accompanying disease assessment, treatment strategy selection, and rational BTK inhibitor use, especially the proportion of dose reduction or BTK inhibitor discontinuation due to high adverse events.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy* ; Prognosis ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/therapeutic use*

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection in the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in a real-world setting.Methods:This was a real-world ambispective cohort study (MOMENT study) (Chinese clinical trial registry number: ChiCTR2200062067). Clinical data were collected from 198 patients who received mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection as monotherapy or combination therapy at 37 hospitals from January 2022 to January 2023, including 166 patients in the retrospective cohort and 32 patients in the prospective cohort; 10 patients in the treatment-na?ve group and 188 patients in the relapsed/refractory group. Clinical characteristics, efficacy and adverse events were summarized, and the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed.Results:All 198 patients were treated with mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection for a median of 3 cycles (range 1-7 cycles); 28 cases were treated with mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection as monotherapy, and 170 cases were treated with the combination regimen. Among 188 relapsed/refractory patients, 45 cases (23.9%) were in complete remission (CR), 82 cases (43.6%) were in partial remission (PR), and 28 cases (14.9%) were in disease stabilization (SD), and 33 cases (17.6%) were in disease progression (PD), with an objective remission rate (ORR) of 67.6% (127/188). Among 10 treatment-na?ve patients, 4 cases (40.0%) were in CR, 5 cases (50.0%) were in PR, and 1 case (10.0%) was in PD, with an ORR of 90.0% (9/10). The median follow-up time was 2.9 months (95% CI 2.4-3.7 months), and the median PFS and OS of patients in relapsed/refractory and treatment-na?ve groups were not reached. In relapsed/refractory patients, the difference in ORR between patients with different number of treatment lines of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection [ORR of the second-line, the third-line and ≥the forth-line treatment was 74.4% (67/90), 73.9% (34/46) and 50.0% (26/52)] was statistically significant ( P = 0.008). Of the 198 PTCL patients, 182 cases (91.9%) experienced at least 1 time of treatment-related adverse events, and the incidence rate of ≥grade 3 adverse events was 66.7% (132/198), which was mainly characterized by hematologic adverse events. The ≥ grade 3 hematologic adverse events mainly included decreased lymphocyte count, decreased neutrophil count, decreased white blood cell count, and anemia; non-hematologic adverse events were mostly grade 1-2, mainly including pigmentation disorders and upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusions:The use of mitoxantrone hydrochloride liposome injection-containing regimen in the treatment of PTCL has definite efficacy and is well tolerated, and it is a new therapeutic option for PTCL patients.

Humans ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Biological Therapy

OBJECTIVE To prepare cinnamaldehyde （CA） loaded liposomes bilayer-modified by bovine serum albumin （BSA）/chitosan （CTS）（BSA/CTS-Lip-CA） in order to improve the sustained-release effect and storage stability of the nanoparticles. METHODS Firstly，cinnamaldehyde loaded liposomes （Lip-CA）and blank liposomes （Lip-Blank）were prepared by thin film dispersion method. Then chitosan modified cinnamaldehyde loaded liposome （CTS-Lip-CA）and BSA/CTS-Lip-CA were obtained by electrostatic adsorption. Finally ， the prepared liposomes were characterized ， and their in vitro release characteristics and storage stability were investigated. RESULTS The particle size of BSA/CTS-Lip-CA was （177.8±4.0）nm and the Zeta potential was （－15.6±1.5）mV；they were in spherical shape ；FTIR analysis showed that the modification of BSA and CTS had no effect on the internal structure of liposomes. The results of in vitro drug release characteristics showed that the cumulative release of Lip-CA ，CTS-Lip-CA and BSA/CTS-Lip-CA within 10 hours were 82.9％，74.1％ and 72.9％ respectively. The results of storage stability showed that after 30 days of storage ，the particle sizes of Lip-CA ，CTS-Lip-CA and BSA/ CTS-Lip-CA were （134.2±2.1），（151.7±0.4），（164.8±1.5）nm；the retention rates of model drug CA were 65.4％，82.5％ and 90.2％ respectively. CONCLUSIONS BSA/CTS-Lip-CA is successfully prepared. It has a certain sustained-release effect and can improve the storage stability of the drug to a certain extent.