BACKGROUND: Without timely and effective rehabilitation, hearing loss may profoundly affect human life quality. China has a large population of hearing-impaired individuals, which imposes a heavy health burden on society. Moreover, this population is projected to increase rapidly owing to China's aging society. METHODS: We used data from a population-representative epidemiological investigation of hearing loss and ear diseases in four Chinese provinces. We estimated the national prevalence using multiple linear regression of the age-group proportions and prevalence in 31 provinces with clustering analysis. We used years lived with disability (YLDs) to analyze the disease burden and forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss by 2060 in China. RESULTS: An estimated 115 million people had moderate-to-complete hearing loss in 2015 across the 31 provinces of China (8.4% of 1.37 billion people). Of these, 85.7% were older than age 50 years (99 million people) and 2.4% were younger than 20 years old (2.8 million people). Of all YLDs attributable to hearing loss, 68.9% were attributable to moderate-to-complete cases. By 2060, a projected 242 million people in China will have moderate-to-complete hearing loss, a 110.0% increase from 2015. CONCLUSIONS The hearing loss prevalence in China is high. Population aging and socioeconomic factors substantially affect the prevalence and severity of hearing loss and the disease burden. The prevalence and severity of hearing loss are unevenly distributed across different provinces. Future public health policies should take these trends and regional variations into account.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Hearing Loss/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cost of Illness

Accurate timing of myelination is crucial for the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Here, we identified a de novo heterozygous mutation in TMEM63A (c.1894G>A; p. Ala632Thr) in a 7-year-old boy exhibiting hypomyelination. A Ca²⁺ influx assay suggested that this is a loss-of-function mutation. To explore how TMEM63A deficiency causes hypomyelination, we generated Tmem63a knockout mice. Genetic deletion of TMEM63A resulted in hypomyelination at postnatal day 14 (P14) arising from impaired differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Notably, the myelin dysplasia was transient, returning to normal levels by P28. Primary cultures of Tmem63a^-/- OPCs presented delayed differentiation. Lentivirus-based expression of TMEM63A but not TMEM63A_A632T rescued the differentiation of Tmem63a^-/- OPCs in vitro and myelination in Tmem63a^-/- mice. These data thus support the conclusion that the mutation in TMEM63A is the pathogenesis of the hypomyelination in the patient. Our study further demonstrated that TMEM63A-mediated Ca²⁺ influx plays critical roles in the early development of myelin and oligodendrocyte differentiation.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation/physiology* ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism* ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice ; Male ; Myelin Sheath/metabolism* ; Humans ; Child ; Cells, Cultured ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/metabolism*

The angiogenic response is essential for the repair of ischemic brain tissue. Integrin α6 (Itga6) expression has been shown to increase under hypoxic conditions and is expressed exclusively in vascular structures; however, its role in post-ischemic angiogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that mice with endothelial cell-specific knockout of Itga6 exhibit reduced neovascularization, reduced pericyte coverage on microvessels, and accelerated breakdown of microvascular integrity in the peri-infarct area. In vitro, endothelial cells with ITGA6 knockdown display reduced proliferation, migration, and tube-formation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ITGA6 regulates post-stroke angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt-eNOS-VEGFA axis. Importantly, the specific overexpression of Itga6 in endothelial cells significantly enhanced neovascularization and enhanced the integrity of microvessels, leading to improved functional recovery. Our results suggest that endothelial cell Itga6 plays a crucial role in key steps of post-stroke angiogenesis, and may represent a promising therapeutic target for promoting recovery after stroke.
Animals ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism* ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Integrin alpha6/genetics* ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Stroke/pathology* ; Vascular Remodeling/physiology* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism* ; Mice, Knockout ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology*

This paper explores the impacts of accelerated rehabilitation protocols following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR)on bone tunnel enlargement(BTE).While accelerated rehabilitation can shorten the recovery time and improve the knee function,it may increase the risk of BTE.In the early rehabilitation phase after ACLR,excessive early weight-bearing and rapid progression of knee flexion angles should be avoided,along with the proper use of braces.Continuous passive motion is not recommended in the early phase post-ACLR to prevent potential effects on BTE.Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of BTE and develop more effective rehabilitation strategies.This will help to select appropriate rehabilitation protocols for patients and balance functional recovery with the risk of BTE,thereby reducing the revision rate and improving postoperative outcomes.
Humans ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/rehabilitation*

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effects and costs of spraying 20% suspension concentrate of pyricloben-zuron sulphate (SCPS) with drones against Pomacea canaliculata in paddy environments, so as to provide insights into the extensive applications of pyriclobenzuron against P. canaliculata. Methods On July 2022, a paddy field was selected from Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province as the study area, and 72 independent rectangular plots measuring 2 m × 1 m were allocated in the study area, with 1 m interval between each plot, and 20 P. canaliculata snails gently placed in each plot. The activity of 25% wettable powder of pyriclobenzuron sulphate (WPPS) by manual spraying at doses of 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 g/m² and 4.00 g/m² against P. canaliculata was tested in 54 plots, and manual spraying of 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPNES) at a dose of 0.10 g/m² served as a chemical control, while manual spraying of the same volume of clean water served as a blank control, with 9 plots in each group. The activity of SCPS against P. canaliculata was tested in the remaining 18 plots. Based on the molluscicidal tests of WPPS, the molluscicidal effect of SCPS by manual spraying at doses of 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 g/m² and 0.50 g/m² against P. canaliculata was evaluated, and manual spraying of WPNES at a dose of 0.10 g/m² served as a chemical control, while manual spraying of the same volume of clean water served as a blank control, with three plots in each group. On July 2023, 14 paddy fields with a mean living P. canaliculata density of > 5 snails/m² were selected from Yujiang District, Yingtan City, Jiangxi Province for molluscicidal tests. Based on the molluscicidal effect of pyriclobenzuron against P. canaliculata in plots, the molluscicidal effects of WPPS by manual spraying at doses of 0.25, 0.50 g/m² and 1.00 g/m² and manual applications of WPPS at dose of 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 g/m² and 2.00 g/m² mixed with soil were tested, and manual spraying of 0.10 g/m² WPNES served as a chemical control group, while manual spraying of the same volume of clean water served as a blank control, with one paddy field in each group. Based on the effect of pyriclobenzuron against P. canaliculata in plots, the activity of SCPS sprayed with drones at doses of 0.25 g/m² and 0.50 g/m² mixed in water at 2 kg/667 m² and 4 kg/667 m² was tested against P. canaliculata, and spraying of the same volume of clean water with drones served as a blank control. All P. canaliculata snails were captured 3 days and 7 days following chemical treatment in plots and paddy fields and identified for survival, and the mortality and corrected mortality of P. canaliculata snails were estimated. In addition, the areas of chemical treatment, amount of molluscicide use and labor costs of chemical treatment were estimated in molluscicidal tests in paddy fields, and the costs of chemical treatment for an area covering 667 m² by drones and manual applications were calculated. Results The mortality of P. canaliculata snails was all 100% in plots 3 days and 7 days following spraying WPPS at doses of 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 g/m² and 4.00 g/m², and the mortality rates of P. canaliculata snails were 66.67% to 100.00% 3 days post-treatment with SCPS at various doses (χ² = 277.897, P < 0.05) and 76.67% to 100.00% 7 days post-treatment (χ² = 274.206, P < 0.05). The mortality rates of P. canaliculata snails were 98.19% to 100.00% 3 days post-treatment with WPPS at various doses in paddy fields. There was a significant difference in the mortality of P. canaliculata snails among WPPS treatment groups and controls (χ² = 270.778, P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences between WPPS treatment groups and the chemical control group (all P values > 0.05), while there were significant differences in the mortality of P. canaliculata snails between WPPS treatment groups and the blank control group (all P values < 0.05). The mortality rates of P. canaliculata snails were 89.83% to 95.31% 3 days post-treatment with SCPS at various doses sprayed with drones, and there was a significant difference in the mortality of P. canaliculata snails among SCPS treatment groups and the blank control group (χ² = 1 132.892, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the mortality of P. canaliculata snails among SCPS treatment groups or water mixture groups (all P values > 0.05), and there were significant differences in the mortality of P. canaliculata snails between SCPS treatment groups and the blank control group (all P values < 0.05). The mortality rates of P. canaliculata snails were 94.62% to 100.00% 7 days post-treatment with SCPS at various doses sprayed with drones, and there was a significant difference in the mortality of P. canaliculata snails among SCPS treatment groups and the blank control group (χ² = 1 266.932, P < 0.05), with the highest mortality found following spraying 0.50 g/m² SCPS mixed in 2 kg/667 m² water with drones (P < 0.05). The costs of P. canaliculata snail control by drones and manually were 35.85 Yuan/667 m² and 43.33 Yuan/667 m²; however, the snail control efficiency was 6.67 times higher by drones than by manual applications. Conclusions SCPS sprayed with drones is highly active against P. canaliculata snails in paddy fields. SCPS sprayed with drones is highly efficient and low in cost for P. canaliculata snail control in paddy fields, beaches and river courses.

Objective To study the population genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships by combining Y-STR haplotype genetic information from the Han population in Dalian with 32 domestic and foreign groups.Methods Blood samples of 958 Han male volunteers from Dalian were collected.Genetic typing of 42 genetic loci was completed using Y-STR fluorescent reagent kits and capillary electrophoresis.Related forensic parameters were calculated.Nei's standard genetic distances among 33 populations based on 17 Y-STR loci were computed,in order to create a principal coordinate analysis as well as construct a phylogenetic tree.Results The analysis of genetic polymorphisms at 42 Y-STR loci revealed 30 unconventional alleles at 10 loci.Genetic analysis of the population based on 17 Y-STR loci confirmed that Dalian's Han population had the closest genetic distance to the Anshan's Han population,followed by populations from Henan,Heilongjiang,Jilin,Shandong,and Chongqing.Furthermore,the genetic distances between the Han population in Dalian and the Qiang population in Beichuan or the Miao population in Guizhou were relatively closer than that to the Manchu population living in Liaoning.Conclusion The genetic distance between the Han population in Dalian and other groups is not entirely proportional to ethnicities and geographical proximity.Both population migration and ethnic assimilation or isolation may have influence on it.

Objective To investigate the repair mechanism of baicalin on gastric mucosa of chronic atrophic gastritis mice based on the network pharmacology and animal experiments.Methods(1)Applied network pharmacology to predict and analyze the potential key targets of baicalin in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis.(2)Animal experiment:40 C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Vitacoenzyme group and baicalin group,10 mice in each group.Except for the normal group,the other three groups of mice were treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)by gavage combined with hunger and satiety disorder method to construct a chronic atrophic gastritis model.At the end of drug administration,the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,the changes of gastrin(GAS)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)levels in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Janus tyrosine kinase 1(JAK1),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)in the gastric mucosa were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and protein immunoblotting(Western Blot)methods,respectively.Results The results of network pharmacology showed that baicalin could spontaneously bind to the core targets JAK1 and STAT3.The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the normal group,the gastric mucosa of mice in the model group suffered from atrophy,disordered gland arrangement,the presence of a large number of lymphocytes,a significant increase in apoptotic index of the gastric mucosa(P＜0.05),a significant decrease in the levels of GAS and PGE2 in serum(P＜0.05),and a significant increase in the levels of mRNA and protein expressions of JAK1 and STAT3 in the gastric mucosa(P＜0.05);compared with the model group,the pathological changes of gastric mucosa in the Vitacoenzyme group and baicalin group were alleviated,the glands were arranged relatively neatly,the structure was more intact,the apoptosis index of gastric mucosal cells was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the levels of GAS and PGE2 in serum were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the mRNA and protein expression levels of JAK1 and STAT3 in gastric mucosa were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the above-mentioned indexes between the baicalin group and the Vitacoenzyme group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Baicalin can effectively repair gastric mucosal lesions in mice with chronic atrophic gastritis,and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of mRNA and protein expressions of JAK1 and STAT3.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors influencing the changes in purchasing quantity in the procurement varieties of the first batch of volume-based drug centralized procurement （hereinafter referred to as centralized procurement）. METHODS Using 25 procurement varieties of the “4+7” policy as research objects， the changes in purchasing quantity of procurement varieties were analyzed before and after the implementation of the “4+7” pilot， renewal and expansion policies. The influential factors were determined from the three levels of drugs， medical institutions and regions； and the multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influential factors for the changes in the purchasing quantity of procurement varieties. RESULTS Before and after the implementation of the “4+7” pilot， renewal and expansion policies， the purchasing quantity increased by 52.1， －0.2， 85.8 ten thousand DDDs on average， compared with base period. During pilot， renewal and expansion period， DDDc decrease in procurement varieties was positively correlated with the increase in purchasing quantity （P＜0.01）. During the pilot and renewal period， the number of absolutely alternative varieties was positively correlated with the increase in purchasing quantity （P＜0.1）. During the pilot and expansion period， the number of alternative varieties to a certain extent was negatively correlated with the increase in purchasing quantity （P＜0.05）. During the renewal period， the increment of purchasing quantity in tertiary hospitals was smaller than that of primary medical institutions （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between the decline of DDDc and the changes in the purchasing quantity， that is， the more the drug price dropped， the more the purchasing quantity increased. The number of alternative varieties for centralized procurement will affect the changes in their purchasing quantity， but it is not always stable. With the implementation of the policy， the volume of primary medical institutions gradually exceeds that of tertiary institutions， indicating that the consumption of centralized purchased varieties is transferred to the primary medical institutions， and centralized procurement has promoted the implementation of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.

Aim To study the effect of menthol on hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and explore the underlying mechanism in mice. Methods 10 to 12 weeks old wild type (WT) mice and TRPM8 gene knockout (TRPM8

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with thalamic infarction.Methods The clinical data of 47 patients with simple thalamic infarction hospitalized in Beijing Shuili Hospital from January 2016 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion weighted imaging were used to determine the infarct area of the thalamus,and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with different thalamic infarction regions were observed.Results Among 47 patients with simple thalamic infarction,there were 4 cases of anterior nucleus infarction,22 cases of lateral nucleus infarction,13 cases of medial nucleus infarction and 8 cases of posterior nucleus infarction.The most common clinical manifestations were contralateral hemiplegia,hemidysesthesia and memory impairment.The clinical prognosis of patients with lateral nucleus,anterior nucleus and posterior nucleus infarcts was better,and the prognosis of patients with medial nucleus infarcts was worst.At 90 days of follow-up,the scores of the modified Barthel index were significantly higher than those at admission(P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with thalamic infarction were prone to clinical manifestations such as hemiplegia,hemidysesthesia and memory impairment,but the overall prognosis is good.