OBJECTIVE To provide a scientific basis for the quality evaluation and clinical application of Qingwen hufei granules. METHODS Fourteen batches of Qingwen hufei granules were used as samples to establish high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprints using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 Edition）. The chromatographic peaks were identified and the similarity was evaluated. Cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA）， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） were used to conduct chemical pattern recognition analysis on the 14 batches of samples. Meanwhile， the contents of neochlorogenic acid （NGA）， chlorogenic acid （CHA）， cryptochlorogenic acid （CGA）， forsythoside A （FTA）， 3，5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid （3，5-O- DA）， 4，5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid （4，5-O-DA）， and angoroside C （AGC） in the samples were determined by HPLC. RESULTS The methodological investigation results of both the fingerprint and the content determination complied with the relevant requirements. Fourteen common peaks were indicated in the HPLC fingerprints of the 14 batches of samples， and 7 of them were identified [NGA （peak 2）， CHA （peak 3）， CGA （peak 5）， FTA （peak 11）， 3，5-O-DA （peak 12）， 4，5-O-DA （peak 13）， and AGC （peak 14）]； the similarity of each sample was greater than 0.94. The results of CA and PCA showed that the samples could be classified into 3 categories； the results of OPLS-DA indicated that peak 4 （unknown）， peak 11 （FTA）， peak 8 （unknown）， peak 9 （unknown）， and peak 1 （unknown） were the differential components. The content ranges of NGA， CHA， CGA， 3，5-O-DA， FTA， 4，5-O-DA and AGC in the 14 batches of samples were 0.210 4-0.458 7， 0.269 1-0.506 3， 0.228 1-0.461 1， 0.443 9-1.044 6， 0.066 7-0.155 7， 0.062 8-0.143 8， and 0.057 4-0.105 7 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The HPLC fingerprint and multi-component content determination methods established in this study are efficient and reliable， and can be used for the quality evaluation of Qingwen hufei granules.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of statutory infectious diseases in Yichang City from 2015 to 2023 and evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in infectious disease prevention and control, and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze annual incidence rates. SARIMA and SARIMA intervention models were constructed to predict the incidence rates of infectious diseases. Interrupted time series analysis (ITS) was applied to assess the control effectiveness. Results The average annual incidence rate from 2015 to 2023 was 787.47/100 000, with the top five diseases being influenza, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases. The average incidence rate from 2015 to 2019 (654.31/100 000) was significantly higher than that from 2020 to 2022 (489.01/100 000) (χ²= 3 499.6, P < 0.05). The total incidence rate in 2023 (2 396.51/100 000) was significantly higher than the average annual incidence rates from 2015-2019 (χ²= 108 186.1, P < 0.05) and 2020-2022 (χ²= 112 869.4, P < 0.05). SARIMA model results indicated that the actual incidence rate from 2020 to 2022 decreased by 73.49% compared to the predicted rate without intervention, with the highest decline observed in respiratory infectious diseases (79.57%). The SARIMA-intervention model showed a 55.48% relative decrease in the total incidence rate for 2023, with the largest reduction in respiratory infectious diseases (63.28%) and a slight increase in intestinal infectious diseases (5.48%). Conclusion NPIs effectively reduce the incidence of statutory infectious diseases in the short term, especially for acute respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases. However, long-term effectiveness faces challenges, necessitating the development of differentiated prevention and control strategies.

Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprints for the different extracts from Coptidis Rhizoma，and investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity in vitro to analyze the pharmacodynamic material basis. Methods Nine kinds of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts were prepared, and establish the HPLC fingerprints for them. The antibacterial rate of each extract was determined by the broth microdilution method with Staphylococcus aureus as the test bacteria. The grey relational analysis （GRA） method was used to analyze the correlation between the fingerprint data and the in vitro antibacterial test data. Results The HPLC fingerprints of nine kinds of Coptidis Rhizoma extracts were established, nine common characteristic fingerprint peaks were calibrated, and 5 peaks were identified by the reference substance comparison method. GRA analysis experiments showed that the correlation between nine peaks and antibacterial effect was 0.559 1~0.803 3; and the peak 3, peak 8 （palmatine hydrochloride）, peak 9 （berberine hydrochloride） were positively correlated with the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus,while the peak 9 （berberine hydrochloride） had the strongest effect, and its correlation degree was 0.803 3. Conclusion The effective substance of antibacterial was preliminarily determined through the study of spectrum-effect relationship for Coptidis Rhizoma extracts,which may be the alkaloids, mostly containing hydrochloride, which provided a reference for further research on the pharmacodynamic material basis of Coptidis Rhizoma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of aberrant SKI expression and its mutations on the biological characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines QBC939 and RBE， and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. MethodsThe Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 （GEPIA2） database was utilized to analyze SKI expression and its clinical relevance in cholangiocarcinoma patients. Lentiviral transduction was employed to establish QBC939 and RBE cell lines with stable SKI overexpression， mutation， or knockdown. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK-8， colony formation， and EdU assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell migration was evaluated using Transwell and wound healing assays. The effect of SKI over-expression， mutation， or knockdown on key proteins （SMAD2， SMAD3， SMAD4） in the transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Small mothers against decapentaplegic （SMAD） signaling pathway was examined by Western blot. ResultsCompared to SKI overexpression alone， the introduction of SKI mutations significantly promoted S-phase progression， enhanced proliferation and migration， and inhibited apoptosis. Mechanistically， SKI mutations suppressed the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 proteins， thereby inhibiting the transcriptional activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Conversely， SKI knockedown produced the opposite effects. ConclusionSKI gene mutation acts as a gain-of-function genetic alteration， exerting an oncogenic role in cholangiocarcinoma cells. The primary mechanism involves the inhibition of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway， which in turn promotes proliferation and cell cycle progression， and suppresses apoptosis in QBC939 and RBE cells， ultimately driving tumor progression.

Cirrhotic portal hypertension is a clinical syndrome caused by persistently elevated portal venous pressure due to liver cirrhosis and can lead to a series of complications， among which esophagogastric variceal bleeding has become one of the most severe complications due to sudden onset and a high mortality rate. Since the release of Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension （2019 edition）， significant advances have been achieved in this field in China and globally. In order to formulate an expert consensus aligned with the situation of China， Chinese Society of Surgery， Chinese Medical Association organized and compiled Expert Consensus on diagnosis and treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic portal hypertension （2025 edition）. This article elaborates on the key updates in the new edition and explores the major differences between the old and new editions， in order to enhance the understanding of the new edition among clinicians and provide a reference for clinicians in clinical work.

Neonatal diabetes mellitus （NDM） is a rare monogenic disorder primarily caused by insufficient insulin secretion resulting from mutations in the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes. Sulfonylureas， represented by glibenclamide， have become the standard therapy for this type of NDM by precisely closing the mutated ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β cells， thereby restoring insulin secretion. Clinical studies confirm that sulfonylureas enable over 90% of patients to successfully transition from insulin to oral treatment， achieving long-term stable glycemic control and improving neurological outcomes to a certain extent. In terms of safety， severe hypoglycemia induced by sulfonylureas is relatively rare and gastrointestinal reactions are mild； moreover， sulfonylureas show good long-term tolerability， and have no adverse effects on child growth and development. In the future， by further refining the full-chain management pathway of “rapid genetic diagnosis-early intervention-specialized dosage forms-long-term follow-up”， the clinical application of sulfonylureas is expected to provide NDM patients with an optimized treatment regimen and maximize their health benefits.

Objective To systematically analyze the literature characteristics of Journal of Organ Transplantation since its inception. Methods Using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) academic journal full-text database as the data source, all articles published in the Journal of Organ Transplantation from January 2010 to August 2025 were retrieved. After excluding non-academic papers, a total of 1 568 research papers were included. R language 4.3.0, Bibliometrix package 3.2.1, and Citespace software were used to analyze the number of publications, publishing institutions, authors, keywords and other aspects. Results The number of publications in Journal of Organ Transplantation increased from an average of 82 articles per year in the early years after its inception to 113 articles per year in recent years, a growth of 37.8%. The geographical distribution of publishing institutions covers 32 provinces, cities and autonomous regions nationwide, mainly concentrated in the South China, East China and North China regions, and has now basically covered the central and western regions in recent years. The author collaboration network includes 45 authors distributed across 7 major collaboration clusters, forming a stable multi-level national research system centered on key university-affiliated hospitals. The high-frequency keywords are dominated by "liver transplantation" (425 times) and "kidney transplantation" (396 times). The theme evolution shows a clear three-stage characteristic: initially focusing on clinical technology application, deepening to immune mechanism exploration in the middle stage, and recently (since 2022) focusing on cutting-edge research areas such as xenotransplantation. Conclusions Journal of Organ Transplantation has witnessed the rapid development of China's organ transplantation cause, fully reflecting the research status and trends in China's organ transplantation field, and has provided an important platform for the future development and international cooperation in China's organ transplantation field.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. in improving sleep. METHODS Network pharmacology was employed to identify the active components of L. ruthenicum and their associated disease targets， followed by enrichment analysis. A caffeine‑induced zebrafish model of sleep deprivation was established ， and the zebrafish were treated with L. ruthenicum Murr. extract （LRME） at concentrations of 0.1， 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL， respectively； 24 h later， behavioral changes of zebrafish and pathological alterations in brain neurons were subsequently observed. The levels of inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1β， IL-10， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）]， oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， catalase （CAT）]， and neurotransmitters [5- hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）， glutamic acid （Glu）， dopamine （DA）， and norepinephrine （NE）] were measured. The protein expression levels of protein kinase B1 （AKT1）， phosphorylated AKT1 （p-AKT1）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， sarcoma proto-oncogene，non-receptor tyrosine kinase （SRC）， and heat shock protein 90α family class A member 1 （HSP90AA1） in the zebrafish were also determined. RESULTS A total of 12 active components and 176 intersecting disease targets were identified through network pharmacology analysis. Among these， apigenin， naringenin and others were recognized as core active compounds， while AKT1， EGFR and others served as key targets； EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance signaling pathway was identified as the critical pathway. The sleep improvement rates in zebrafish of LRME low-， medium-， and high-dose groups were 54.60%， 69.03% and 77.97%， 开发。E-mail：hjp_yft@163.com respectively， while the inhibition ratios of locomotor distance were 0.57， 0.83 and 0.95， respectively. Compared with the model group， the number of resting counts， resting time and resting distance were significantly increased/extended in LRME medium- and high-dose groups （P＜0.05）. Neuronal damage in the brain was alleviated. Additionally， the levels of IL-6， IL-1β， TNF-α， MDA， Glu， DA and NE， as well as the protein expression levels of AKT1， p-AKT1， EGFR， SRC and HSP90AA1， were markedly reduced （P＜0.05）， while the levels of IL-10， SOD， GSH-Px， CAT， 5-HT and GABA， as well as Bcl-2 protein expression， were significantly elevated （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS L. ruthenicum Murr. demonstrates sleep-improving effects， and its specific mechanism may be related to the regulation of inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， neurotransmitter balance， and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance signaling pathway.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） is a malignant tumor originating from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx. In recent years， its incidence and mortality rates have shown a continuous upward trend， and there is still a lack of therapeutic regimens with both favorable efficacy and safety in clinical practice. Mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway plays a key regulatory role in biological processes such as cell proliferation， differentiation， apoptosis and invasion. It is widely involved in the occurrence and progression of NPC， and serves as an important target in the research field of anti-NPC therapy. This article systematically elaborates on the mechanism of action of the MAPK signaling pathway in NPC， and reviews the research status regarding the anti-NPC effect of active components of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and TCM compound prescriptions by regulating this signaling pathway. The results show that TCM active components， including flavonoids （luteolin， maackiain， baicalein， etc.）， alkaloids （picrasidine Ⅰ， tetrandrine， etc.）， terpenoids （bakuchiol， cantharidic acid）， as well as traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas （such as Biyan jiedu capsules and Yiqi jiedu formula） can exert effects including inducing autophagy and apoptosis of NPC cells， promoting pyroptosis， reversing drug resistance， blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition， weakening cell stemness and arresting cell cycle progression by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway， thereby inhibiting the occurrence and development of NPC through multiple pathways.

Background 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (RF) is a commonly used frequency in modern wireless communication devices, and its potential health effects have drawn much attention, especially its impact on bone metabolism, which has not been fully clarified. Objective To investigate the effects of 900 MHz RF on the bone tissue and osteoblast senescence of mice, as well as the dose-effect relationship. Methods In vivo, 3-month-old female C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups (n=10): sham exposure, low-dose RF (50 μW·cm⁻²), medium-dose RF (150 μW·cm⁻²), high-dose RF (450 μW·cm⁻²), and D-galactose positive control (D-gal). Treatments were administered for 4 h per day for 28 d. Bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure, including bone volume (BV), tissue volume (TV), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), were assessed by Micro-CT; bone morphology was examined after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-κΒ ligand (RANKL) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry; serum OPG, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 15 (CXCL15) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); mRNA expression of Tp53, Cdkn1a, and Cdkn2a in bone tissue was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In vitro, MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were grouped into sham, low-dose RF (50 μW·cm⁻²), medium-dose RF (150 μW·cm⁻²), high-dose RF (450 μW·cm⁻²), and H₂O₂ control, groups, and were exposed for 4 h per day for 5 d. Cell morphology was observed by microscopy; viability was tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8); senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining; P53 and P21 protein expression was detected by Western blot; Tp53 and Cdkn1a mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. Results In vivo, RF at each dose significantly reduced the BMD of the mice's femurs and the bone microstructure parameters, such as BV/TV, Tb.N, and Tb.Th (P<0.05). Among them, Tb.Sp only increased in the 150 μW·cm⁻² RF group (P<0.05), with a looser bone network; fewer, sparser trabeculae and increased marrow fat were observed after HE staining; down-regulated OPG and up-regulated RANKL expression levels were observed by immunohistochemistry; the ELISA test revealed that the serum OPG levels in the 150 μW·cm⁻² RF group and the 450 μW·cm⁻² RF group of mice were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the indicator in the 50 μW·cm⁻² RF group showed a decreasing trend but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), TRACP-5b rose, and PAI-1, IL-6, and CXCL15 levels increased (P<0.05); the RT-PCR results showed thatTp53, Cdkn1a, and Cdkn2a mRNA expression was upregulated (P<0.05). In vitro, radiofrequency radiation induced cell flattening, reduced viability (P<0.05), increased SA-β-gal-positive cells (P<0.05), and upregulated P53, P21, Tp53, and Cdkn1a expression (P<0.05). Conclusion 900 MHz RF disrupts bone metabolism in mice by inhibiting bone formation, promoting resorption, and inducing osteoblast senescence, accelerating bone aging. The 150 μW·cm⁻² RF dose exhibits the most pronounced effect, reflecting a nonlinear “window effect,” highlighting potential health risks.