Objective China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis(TB)worldwide,and TB remains a public health concern.Kashgar Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest TB burden regions in China.However,molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are lacking. Methods A population-based retrospective study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the characteristics of drug resistance and the transmission patterns. Results A total of 1,668 isolates collected in 2020 were classified into lineages 2(46.0%),3(27.5%),and 4(26.5%).The drug resistance rates revealed by WGS showed that the top three drugs in terms of the resistance rate were isoniazid(7.4%,124/1,668),streptomycin(6.0%,100/1,668),and rifampicin(3.3%,55/1,668).The rate of rifampicin resistance was 1.8%(23/1,290)in the new cases and 9.4%(32/340)in the previously treated cases.Known resistance mutations were detected more frequently in lineage 2 strains than in lineage 3 or 4 strains,respectively:18.6%vs.8.7 or 9%,P<0.001.The estimated proportion of recent transmissions was 25.9%(432/1,668).Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that sex,age,occupation,lineage,and drug resistance were the risk factors for recent transmission.Despite the low rate of drug resistance,drug-resistant strains had a higher risk of recent transmission than the susceptible strains(adjusted odds ratio,1.414;95%CI,1.023-1.954;P = 0.036).Among all patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis(DR-TB),78.4%(171/218)were attributed to the transmission of DR-TB strains. Conclusion Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains are more transmissible than susceptible strains and that transmission is the major driving force of the current DR-TB epidemic in Kashgar.

In the clinical diagnosis and treatment of children with short stature,mental health issues merit special attention.It is widely acknowledged that the psychological well-being of children with short stature is lower than that of their peers with normal height.Therefore,during the diagnosis,treatment,and care of short stature,it is crucial to actively monitor the mental health of these children,promptly identify potential psychological and behavioral issues,and intervene accordingly.Such measures play a positive role in enhancing the quality of life of these children and improving their physical and mental health.This article analyses and discusses the current state of psychological assessment and psycho-behavioral interventions for children with short stature,aiming to provide insights for improving their mental health.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(4):331-336]

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Jianpi Qingchang Decoction in the treatment of UC by integrating network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking and experimental verification.Methods:The effective components and targets of Jianpi Qingchang Decoction were obtained from TCMSP database, and UC data sets GSE16879, GSE48958 and GSE75214 were obtained from GEO database, and differentially expressed genes were screened; intersection targets were obtained through Venn diagram, and GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed. An intersection target PPI network was constructed using STRING database and topology analysis was performed; hub genes were screened through lasso regression and the expression consistency of core targets in the dataset was verified through logistic regression. A UC mouse model was established and hub genes were validated.Results:A total of 213 drug targets of Jianpi Qingchang Decoction were obtained, and 499 common intersection targets of GSE16879, GSE48958 and GSE75214 were obtained by differential gene expression analysis. Thirty intersection targets of Jianpi Qingchang Decoction and UC were obtained, mainly acting on IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, etc. PPI network topology analysis obtained 7 common intersection targets, including PTGS2, IL-1B, IL-6, MMP9, CXCL8, CCL2 and MMP2. IL-6 and MMP2 were selected as hub genes by lasso regression. Logistics regression analysis showed that IL-6 and MMP2 were risk factors for the disease. Compared with the model group, the expressions of IL-6 and MMP2 mRNA and protein in the colon tissue of the TCM group decreased ( P<0.05), and the morphology of colon tissue was improved compared with the model group. Conclusion:IL-6 and MMP2 are risk factors for UC, the therapeutic effect of Jianpi Qingchang Decoction is to mediate Il-17 signal pathway, TNF signal pathway and AGE-RAGE signal pathway in diabetic complications through the targets of IL-6, and MMP2, thereby treating UC.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of Huang'e Capsules in the treatment of type ⅢA chronic prostatitis, and its effects on the levels of the inflammatory cytokines neutrophil elastase (NE), IL-8 and TGF-β1 in the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) of the patients. METHODS: We selected 120 patients with type ⅢA chronic prostatitis and randomly assigned them to medication with Huang'e Capsules (the trial group, n = 60) or Levofloxacin and Tamsulosin (the control group, n = 60), both for a course of 4 weeks. We obtained the NIH-CPSI scores and the levels of NE, IL-8 and TGF-β1 in the EPS, and compared them between the two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: Totally, 116 of the patients completed the study, 59 in the trial and 57 in the control group. The overall clinical effectiveness was significantly higher in the trial group than in the control (89.8% vs 77.2%, P<0.05). Compared with the baseline, the patients of the trial group showed significant decreases after treatment in the total NIH-CPSI scores (32.5±7.4 vs 13.2±5.1), pain symptom scores (13.7±3.9 vs 4.2±2.3), urination symptom scores (6.9±2.4 vs 5.1±3.2) and quality of life (QOL) scores (8.3±2.7 vs 3.7±1.5) (all P< 0.05), and so did the controls in the total NIH-CPSI scores (30.8±7.8 vs 13.7±3.9), pain symptom scores (14.2±4.1 vs 7.8±2.9), urination symptom scores (7.1±2.7 vs 4.9±3.4) and quality of life (QOL) scores (8.1±2.4 vs 5.6±1.9) (all P< 0.05), and the decreases were even more significant in the trial than in the control group in the pain symptom and QOL scores ( P< 0.05). The patients of the trial group also exhibited a marked reduction after treatment in the contents of NE (［1135.4±321.5］ vs ［347.6±207.3］ ng/L, P< 0.05) and IL-8 (［974.9±231.6］ vs ［ 431.3±207.2］ ng/L, P< 0.05) but an elevation in that of TGF-β1 (［591.0±172.1］ vs ［1 402.1 ± 221.5］ ng/L, P< 0.05) in the EPS, and so did the controls in the levels of NE (［1052.8±280.3］ vs ［761.1±225.1］ ng/L, P<0.05), (［1007.5±287.7］ vs ［775.7±182.5］ ng/L, P< 0.05), (［607.8±201.3］ vs ［871.3±192.5］ ng/L, P< 0.05), with even more significant improvement in the trial than in the control group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION Huang'e Capsules has a significant clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of type IIIA prostatitis, which can effectively relieve the pain and urination symptoms and improve the levels of the inflammatory cytokines NE, IL-8 and TGF-β1 in the patients.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis/metabolism* ; Interleukin-8/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism* ; Prostate/metabolism* ; Leukocyte Elastase/metabolism* ; Tamsulosin ; Treatment Outcome ; Capsules ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Adult ; Levofloxacin

Humans ; Mpox (monkeypox) ; China

Humans ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Biological Therapy

Five new terpenoids, including two vibsane-type diterpenoids (1, 2) and three iridoid allosides (3-5), together with eight known ones, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Viburnum odoratissimum var.sessiliflorum. Their planar structures and relative configurations were determined by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. The sugar moieties of the iridoids were confirmed as β-D-allose by GC analysis after acid hydrolysis and acetylation. The absolute configurations of neovibsanin Q (1) and dehydrovibsanol B (2) were determined by quantum chemical calculation of their theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and Rh₂(OCOCF₃)₄-induced ECD analysis. The anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1, 3, 4, and 5 were evaluated using an LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model. Compounds 3suppressed the release of NO in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC₅₀ value of 55.64 μmol·L^-1. The cytotoxicities of compounds 1-5 on HCT-116 cells were assessed and the results showed that compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values of 13.8 and 12.3 μmol·L^-1, respectively.
Terpenes/pharmacology* ; Viburnum/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure ; Diterpenes/chemistry* ; Plant Leaves/chemistry*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) and its risk factors in very preterm infants (VPIs) during hospitalization in China. METHODS: A prospective multicenter study was performed on the medical data of 2 514 VPIs who were hospitalized in the department of neonatology in 28 hospitals from 7 areas of China between September 2019 and December 2020. According to the presence or absence of EUGR based on the evaluation of body weight at the corrected gestational age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the VPIs were classified to two groups: EUGR group (n=1 189) and non-EUGR (n=1 325). The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and the incidence of EUGR and risk factors for EUGR were examined. RESULTS: The incidence of EUGR was 47.30% (1 189/2 514) evaluated by weight. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher weight growth velocity after regaining birth weight and higher cumulative calorie intake during the first week of hospitalization were protective factors against EUGR (P<0.05), while small-for-gestational-age birth, prolonged time to the initiation of total enteral feeding, prolonged cumulative fasting time, lower breast milk intake before starting human milk fortifiers, prolonged time to the initiation of full fortified feeding, and moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were risk factors for EUGR (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is crucial to reduce the incidence of EUGR by achieving total enteral feeding as early as possible, strengthening breastfeeding, increasing calorie intake in the first week after birth, improving the velocity of weight gain, and preventing moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VPIs.
Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Gestational Age ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

With the reform of medical insurance payment mode and the promotion of medical insurance policy, medical insurance management has become the core of public hospital operation and management. According to the business scenario of medical insurance management in public hospitals, medical insurance intelligent management can be divided into three levels: automatic medical insurance intelligent management engine based on rules, digital medical insurance management assistance based on dialogue user interface and hospital medical insurance management brain based on deep learning. In August 2020, under the requirements of hospital intelligent management standards, a tertiary hospital broke through the traditional medical insurance management mode to launch the practice of digital enabled panoramic scene intelligent management of medical insurance, which included medical insurance intelligent business audit, medical insurance intelligent reconciliation, medical insurance intelligent cost control and medical insurance intelligent management cockpit. These measures had realized the intellectualization and standardization of medical insurance management and improved the overall operation efficiency of the hospital.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in very preterm infants(VPI), and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of BPD in VPI.Methods:A prospective multicenter study was designed to collect the clinical data of VPI in department of neonatology of 28 hospitals in 7 regions from September 2019 to December 2020.According to the continuous oxygen dependence at 28 days after birth, VPI were divided into non BPD group and BPD group, and the risk factors of BPD in VPI were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 514 cases of VPI including 1 364 cases without BPD and 1 150 cases with BPD were enrolled.The incidence of BPD was 45.7%.The smaller the gestational age and weight, the higher the incidence of BPD( P<0.001). Compared with non BPD group, the average birth age, weight and cesarean section rate in BPD group were lower, and the incidence of male infants, small for gestational age and 5-minute apgar score≤7 were higher( P<0.01). In BPD group, the incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, feeding intolerance, extrauterine growth restriction, grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ intracranial hemorrhage, anemia, early-onset and late-onset sepsis, nosocomial infection, parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis were higher( P<0.05), the use of pulmonary surfactant(PS), postnatal hormone exposure, anemia and blood transfusion were also higher, and the time of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, oxygen use and total hospital stay were longer( P<0.001). The time of starting enteral nutrition, cumulative fasting days, days of reaching total enteral nutrition, days of continuous parenteral nutrition, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) total calorie, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) oral calorie were longer and the breastfeeding rate was lower in BPD group than those in non BPD group( P<0.001). The cumulative doses of amino acid and fat emulsion during the first week of hospitalization were higher in BPD group( P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NRDS, invasive mechanical ventilation, age of reaching total enteral nutrition, anemia and blood transfusion were the independent risk factors for BPD in VPI, and older gestational age was the protective factor for BPD. Conclusion:Strengthening perinatal management, avoiding premature delivery and severe NRDS, shortening the time of invasive mechanical ventilation, paying attention to enteral nutrition management, reaching whole intestinal feeding as soon as possible, and strictly mastering the indications of blood transfusion are very important to reduce the incidence of BPD in VPI.