Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends and associated factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Macao from 2005 to 2020, so as to provide evidence for developing health promotion strategies. Methods: Data were obtained from the Macao Citizen Physical Fitness Monitoring Database for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 for participants aged 6-22 years. The χ 2 test was employed to analyze trends in detection rates, while univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors. Results: The overweight rate among Macaos children and adolescents increased from 10.4% in 2005 to 14.8% in 2020. The obesity rate rose from 6.8% to 12.1%, with the total detection rate increasing from 17.2% to 26.9%, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2 trend =46.7, 87.5, 145.9, P <0.01). Notably, the overweight/obesity rate among boys showed rapid growth ( χ 2 trend = 118.6, P <0.01), while girls exhibited a declining inflection point in 2020. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that children and adolescents with the following characteristics faced higher risks of overweight/obesity: a physical education performance score of 3 points (overweight: OR=2.34, 95%CI =1.10-4.96; obesity: OR=2.39, 95%CI =1.19-4.81), paternal obesity (overweight: OR=2.07, 95%CI =1.38-3.11; obesity: OR=1.51, 95%CI = 1.01-2.27), and maternal obesity (overweight: OR=1.69, 95%CI =1.08-2.63; obesity: OR=1.77, 95%CI =1.16- 2.71 ) ( P <0.05). Conversely, lower risks were observed in those who performed appropriate warm-up activities before exercise (obesity: OR=0.37, 95%CI =0.15-0.95), participated in two academic/non-sports extracurricular classes (obesity: OR=0.46, 95%CI =0.24-0.88), and reported moderate physical exertion during extracurricular exercise (obesity: OR=0.60, 95%CI =0.36-0.98) ( P <0.05) . Conclusions Overweight and obesity among Macao s children and adolescents remain severe, particularly among boys, while girls show early signs of improvement. It is recommended to establish a multi-sectoral collaborative prevention and control system to reduce childhood and adolescent obesity.

Polygonatum sibiricum， as a traditional Chinese medicine with both medicinal and edible properties， has attracted considerable attention due to its functions of nourishing Yin and moistening the lungs， tonifying the spleen and benefiting Qi， and nourishing the kidneys and filling essence. Recent studies have demonstrated that Polygonatum sibiricum plays a significant role in regulating the immune system， effectively enhancing and improving the morphology and function of immune organs， stimulating the proliferation and activation of immune cells， and regulating the secretion and release of immune factors， thereby enhancing the immune function of the body and improving various immune-related diseases. Although a large number of studies have explored the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of P. sibiricum， there has been no systematic review and summary of its immune regulatory activity and mechanisms. Therefore， this article comprehensively reviews the research achievements of P. sibiricum polysaccharides and saponins in the field of immune regulation in recent years， and further sorts out the immune regulatory mechanisms of P. sibiricum in multiple aspects： including increasing the organ index of the spleen and thymus， increasing the number and activity of tumor-suppressive bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells， improving intestinal flora imbalance， regulating the quantity and proportion of T lymphocyte subsets， increasing the level of immunoglobulin， promoting the proliferation of macrophages， enhancing the activity of natural killer cells， increasing the number of white blood cells， and promoting the maturation of dendritic cells， providing a solid theoretical basis and scientific evidence for the research and application of P. sibiricum， and promoting its development and application in traditional Chinese medicine immune enhancers and various functional products.

Objective:To analyze the effect of optical zone diameter in orthokeratology contact lenses on the efficacy of treatment.Methods:A total of 100 myopic patients (196 eyes) who wore Paragon CRT keratoplasty lenses with a diameter of 10.5 mm were retrospectively included in this study. These patients, consisting of 47 males and 53 females, were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University between November 2020 and November 2022. Their ages ranged from 8 to 13 years. Their refractive errors ranged from -0.75 DS to -4.00 DS for spherical errors and from -0.25 DC to -1.50 DC for cylindrical errors. The corrected visual acuity was ≥ 0.6, and the initial axes were between 23.40 mm and 25.83 mm. The patients were grouped according to the different diameters of the optical zones of their lenses. Fifty patients (98 eyes) with an optical zone of 5.0 mm were included in the 5.0 group, and another 50 patients (98 eyes) with an optical zone of 6.0 mm were included in the 6.0 group. The general sociological and disease-related characteristics of the two groups were recorded. Logistic linear regression analysis was performed on the data with differences to obtain the therapeutic effect of different optimal zone diameters in orthokeratology contact lenses.Results:After 1 year of wearing, there was no statistically significant difference in the average non-invasive tear film break-up time between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The 5.0 group exhibited significantly lower values for the surface regularity index (0.35 ± 0.09), surface asymmetry index (0.69 ± 0.21), axial length [(0.19 ± 0.04) mm], and relative peripheral refraction [(-0.65 ± 0.20) D, (-0.84 ± 0.26) D, (-0.48 ± 0.13) D, (-0.76 ± 0.23) D, (-0.77 ± 0.21) D, (-0.56 ± 0.17) D] compared with the 6.0 group ( t = 5.94, 3.34, 4.64, 2.03, 2.07, 4.23, 2.27, 2.25, 5.55, all P < 0.05). Conversely, the uncorrected visual acuity [(0.71 ± 0.20) LogMAR] and spherical equivalent [(-0.25 ± 0.05) D] were significantly higher in the 5.0 group compared with the 6.0 group ( t = 3.31, 13.64, both P < 0.05). After 1 year of wearing, the diameter and area of the optical zone in the 5.0 group [(3.35 ± 0.28) mm and (7.50 ± 1.10) mm2] were significantly lower than those in the 6.0 group [(3.68 ± 0.38) mm and (8.50 ± 1.50) mm2, t = 6.92, 5.32, 11.16, all P < 0.05]. Furthermore, the overlapping treatment zone area to pupil area ratio (TZR) in the 5.0 group (0.53 ± 0.16) was significantly lower than that in the 6.0 group [(0.81 ± 0.19), t = 11.16, P < 0.05]. The results of logistic linear regression analysis and Pearson calculation showed that the TZR was positively correlated with the optical zone diameters of orthokeratology contact lenses ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the 5.0 group [8.16% (8/98)] and the 6.0 group [12.24% (12/98), χ2 = 0.89, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The 1-year dynamic change in eye axis indicates that myopia correction is more effective and safe when the diameter of the optical zone in keratoplasty is 5.0 mm compared with when the diameter of the optical zone is 6.0 mm. Evaluating the efficacy of corneal reshaping lenses in different optical zones using statistical TZR can guarantee myopia control results. At the same time, this study demonstrates significant innovation and scientific validity, which can offer new ideas and methods for the research and application of orthokeratology contact lenses.

From September 26 to 28,2024,the 11th Korean International Gastric Cancer Week(KINGCA WEEK 2024),a prestigious academic conference in the field of gastric cancer,was held in Seoul.Organized by the Korean Gastric Cancer Association,the conference featured one main venue,18 sub-venues,and 16 thematic symposiums,including 100 invited presentations and four keynote speeches,attracting 788 experts and scholars from around the world.Additionally,the conference set 16 themes and received 425 submissions from 24 countries,including Republic of Korea,China,Japan,and the United States.After a review process,365 submissions were accepted,which included eight plenary oral presentations,78 oral reports,and 279 poster presentations.The conference covered many hot topics in gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment,with a particular focus on surgical-related areas such as treatment strategies for metastatic gastric cancer,an international consensus meeting on the conversion therapy for stage Ⅳgastric cancer,future research directions of the Korean Laparoendoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group,the development of new surgical instruments and equipment,and key issues in lymph node dissection,resection,and reconstruction during minimally invasive gastric cancer surgeries.Furthermore,our team was invited to present two oral reports on"the application of artificial intelligence in minimally invasive gastric cancer surgery".This report aims to detail the dynamics and hotspots related to surgical treatment for gastric cancer,providing valuable references and insights for domestic surgical peers.

Fitness for all has undergone development more than two decades in China, from " outline" to " national strategy" . As an important support for realizing a healthy China and an important guarantee for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, national fitness should keep pace with the development of the times, grasp the characteristics of national fitness in the new period, and constantly explore new horizons and develop new achievements.Scientific fitness literacy is a new system put forward by combining the latest achievements of research and practice in the field of national fitness at home and abroad with China's national conditions, including four dimensions: scientific fitness knowledge, scientific fitness attitudes, scientific fitness behaviors and habits, and scientific fitness abilities and skills.The purpose of this paper is to clarify the philosophical basis of scientific fitness literacy, the disciplines involved, the meanings, the specific components and the ultimate goal, so as to provide an analytical framework and a theoretical basis for the next step of the research, and also to provide a reference for the formulation of national fitness policies, the evaluation and supervision of the implementation process and results, and the comparison of the practice among countries.

Objective To analyze the expression of miR-4524a-3p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and major immune cell subsets of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),and evaluate its clinical application.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from SLE patients and healthy controls,followed by isolation of PBMCs,CD3+T lymphocytes,CD19+B lymphocytes,and CD14+monocytes using human peripheral blood lymphocyte isolation solution(Ficoll)and immunomagnetic bead cell sorting.The expression level of miR-4524a-3p was quantified using fluorescence quantitative PCR.Pearson's linear correlation analysis was per-formed to assess the relationship between miR-4524a-3p expression and the disease activity score in SLE patients(SLEDAI).Additionally,the diagnostic efficacy of miR-4524a-3p for SLE was evaluated by constructing a receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The expression of miR-4524a-3p was significantly decreased in PBMCs(P<0.05),CD3+T cells(P<0.001),and CD14+monocytes(P<0.001)from patients with SLE compared to healthy controls.Furthermore,it exhibited a negative correlation with SLEDAI score(r=-0.406,P<0.01).Notably,the expression level of miR-4524a-3p was significantly lower in patients with moderate or severe active stage than those in mild and inactive stages(P<0.01).In addition,the SLE subgroup with lupus nephritis and joint involvement displayed lower levels of miR-4524a-3p compared to the subgroup without such manifestations(P<0.01).Importantly,ROC analysis demonstrated that miR-4524a-3p holds promising diagnostic value for SLE.Conclusion The expression of miR-4524a-3p was significantly diminished in CD3+T cells and CD14+monocytes derived from patients with SLE,exhibiting a close association with disease activity and demonstrating potential clinical diagnostic value for SLE.

Objective:To study the ultrasonographic manifestations of intercostal muscle and diaphragm involvement in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and their correlations with functional status, and to explore the pattern of muscle damage in patients with DMD and the potential role of ultrasonography in assessing disease progression.Methods:A total of 28 patients with DMD who received treatment in the Third Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital from May to December 2023 were prospectively collected as DMD group, and 28 healthy children matched in age and sex were included as controls for a prospective study.Diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) and intercostal muscle thickening fraction (ICMTF) were measured by B-mode and M-mode ultrasonography, and the muscle gray values were recorded. The differences between groups were compared, and the values of DTF and ICMTF in evaluating the structural and functional changes of respiratory muscle were analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group, the gray value of respiratory muscle was significantly decreased in DMD group, the diaphragm and intercostal muscle were significantly thickened at the end of inspiratory and expiratory periods, DTF was significantly decreased, and ICMTF was significantly increased (all P<0.001). Conclusions:Ultrasound can evaluate the structural changes of respiratory muscle in DMD, so as to clarify the relationship between the structure and function of respiratory muscle in DMD patients.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule combined with sacubitril valsartan on dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods A total of 70 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy who were hospitalized in the Hospital from January to December 2020 were selected as the research objects and random-ly divided into control group and experimental group,with 35 cases in each group.The control group was only treated with sacubitril valsartan,and the experimental group was treated with Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule combined with sacubitril valsartan.According to the patient's blood pressure and renal function,sacubitril valsartan was titrated from a small dose to the maximum dose.Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule was uesd 2.4 g each time,twice a day,and the treatment time was three months.The symptoms of heart failure,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),low density lipoprotein(LDL),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),ALT,AST,N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVEDd),left ventricular end-dias-tolic diameter(LVEDs),ejection fraction(EF)and the incidence of arrhythmia were observed in the two groups after treatment.Results After treatment,the level of NT-proBNP in the experimental group was sig-nificantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in LDL,TC,TG,LVEDd,LVEDs and EF between the two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence of atrial tachycardia and ven-tricular premature beat in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Con-clusion Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule combined with sacubitril valsartan can significantly improve the symptoms of patients with heart failure and reduce the level of NT-proBNP,but it may increase the proportion of patients with atrial tachycardia and ventricular premature beats.

With the integration and application of various disciplines, traditional Chinese medicine′s auricular acupoint therapy has gained new opportunities for development. The effective activation of auricular acupoints is crucial as the initial step in auricular acupoint therapy. To address this issue, advanced techniques for physical stimulation, blending principles from traditional Chinese and Western medicine, have been developed. This paper explores the profound impact of magnetism on the structure and function of organisms from multiple dimensions, focusing on magnetobiology. It provides a comprehensive review of the clinical efficacy, research paradigm, challenges, and future prospects of auricular magnetic therapy. The article emphasizes the magnetic characteristics of organisms, particularly the nervous system′s high sensitivity to magnetic fields. It highlights the potential of modern magnetic stimulation techniques in treating brain diseases through auricular therapy. Additionally, the paper explores the research paradigm of auricular magnetic stimulation in conjunction with physical molecular dynamics simulation, materials engineering, mathematical modeling, and interdisciplinary biomedical technology. This endeavor is expected to provide valuable insights for optimizing the parameters of auricular magnetic stimulation and understanding its underlying principles. The multidisciplinary, cross-system, and multi-scale biophysical research paradigm introduces a new conceptual framework and investigative approach for auricular acupoint therapy, significantly enhancing the safety and efficacy of auricular magnetic stimulation therapy.

ObjectiveTo classify subtypes among middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients aged between 35‒74 years in Shanghai suburbs, to compare their characteristics and analyze incidence risk for cerebrovascular disease among these subtypes, so as to promote personalized and precise treatment of T2DM. MethodsA total of 7 792 patients with T2DM who completed a baseline survey from 2016 and 2019 were selected as the research subjects, based on the data from a natural population cohort and biobank in Shanghai suburbs. Patients were stratified by gender and clustered into subtypes using k-means method based on baseline parameters including the age at T2DM diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C). Patients were followed up until March 31, 2023. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the association between subtypes and incidence risk for cerebrovascular disease, and those with cerebrovascular disease within 1 year of follow-up survey were excluded from sensitivity analysis. ResultsAmong the 7 792 patients with T2DM, 3 615 were males and 4 177 were females. Stratified by gender, 4 subgroups were identified through k-means clustering analysis, namely poor blood glucose control subgroup, severe insulin-resistant subgroup, younger onset subgroup, and older onset subgroup. The median follow-up time was 4.30 years, during which 1 960 cerebrovascular disease events were observed (844 in males, 1 116 in females). After adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, weekly exercise, family history of diabetes mellitus, and duration of diabetes mellitus, among male patients, the incidence risk for cerebrovascular disease was lower in the younger onset subgroup (HR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.48‒0.73, P<0.001), poor blood glucose control subgroup (HR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.65‒1.00, P=0.046), and severe insulin-resistant subgroup (HR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.50‒0.75, P<0.001), compared to the older onset subgroup. While among female patients, the incidence risk for cerebrovascular disease was also lower in the younger onset subgroup (HR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.57‒0.80, P<0.001), poor blood glucose control subgroup (HR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.60‒0.89, P=0.002), and severe insulin-resistant subgroup (HR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.61‒0.85, P<0.001), compared to the older onset subgroup. Results of the sensitivity analysis were consistent with the main findings. ConclusionAmong middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients in suburban Shanghai, both male and female patients have the highest incidence risk for cerebrovascular disease in the older onset subgroup. Subtyping of T2DM patients can help to identify the high-risk populations of cerebrovascular disease.