Objective:To compare the image quality and the diagnostic efficiency for breast malignant lesions using simultaneous multi-slice single shot echo planar imaging (SMS+SS-EPI) and readout segment of long variable echo trains (RESOLVE) for breast diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Clinical and imaging data of 102 patients with breast lesion from March 2021 to February 2023 in the First Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University were prospectively analyzed. All patients underwent routine breast MRI scans and cross-sectional RESOLVE and SMS+SS EPI sequence DWI, and the image quality of 2 types sequences of DWI was evaluated. The subjective evaluation was based on a 5-point scale, including geometric distortion, artifact blurring, fat suppression, overall image quality, and lesion conspicuity of the breast. The objective evaluation included signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the lesion. Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to compare the subjective and objective parameters between the two sequences. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of ADC values for diagnosing breast malignant lesions based on two sequence images.Results:All 102 female patients had single lesions, aged from 25 to 68 years and 60 lesions were malignant and 42 were benign. The acquisition time for SMS+SS-EPI sequence imaging was 1 min 50 s, and the acquisition time for RESOLVE sequence imaging was 3 min 43 s.The subjective scores from both SMS+SS-EPI and RESOLVE sequence were over than 3 points. The geometric distortion, artifact blurring, and overall image quality scores of RESOLVE sequence images were higher than those of SMS+SS-EPI (all P<0.001). The overall lesion conspicuity score, malignant lesion conspicuity score, and benign lesion conspicuity score of DWI and ADC images combined with SMS+SS-EPI sequence were higher than those of the RESOLVE sequence (all P<0.05). There were no statistically difference in SNR, CNR, overall ADC value, malignant ADC value, and benign ADC value between SMS+SS-EPI and RESOLVE sequence DWI images of breast lesions (all P>0.05). The AUC of RESOLVE sequence ADC value in diagnosis of breast cancer was 0.973, the sensitivity was 0.929, and the specificity was 0.915; The AUC of SMS+SSC-EPI sequence ADC value in diagnosis of breast cancer was 0.956, the sensitivity was 0.977, and the specificity was 0.850. Conclusions:In breast DWI, the subjective score of SMS+SS EPI image quality can basically meet the diagnostic requirements and the conspicuity of lesions is better than that of the RESOLVE sequence. Both have good diagnostic efficacy for malignant breast lesions.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and correlation of sleep disturbances(SD)with cognitive impairment-associated cerebral small vascular disease(CSVD-CI)in elderly patients.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 261 elderly CSVD-CI patients admitted to the Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between December 2019 and December 2021 were continuously enrolled.The Pittsburgh Sleep Index Scale(PSQI)was used to evaluate the overall sleep quality.Those with a PSQI score ≥7 was assigned to the CSVD-CI with sleep disturbances(CSVD-CI-SD)group, while those with a PSQI score <7 was assigned to the CSVD-CI without SD(CSVD-CI-NSD)group.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)was used to evaluate the cognitive function of patients with CSVD-CI, and scores on the overall cognitive function and various cognitive domains were compared between the CSVD-CI-SD group and the CSVD-CI-NSD group.Results:There were no significant differences between the CSVD-CI-SD group and the CSVD-CI-NSD group in sex ratio, age, education level and comorbidities( P>0.05). Compared with the CSVD-CI-NSD group, patients in the CSVD-CI-SD group took longer to fall asleep, had worse sleep efficiency, a shorter sleep duration, more obvious SD at night, worse sleep quality, more use of sleeping drugs, and more obvious daytime dysfunction(all P<0.05). Compared with the CSVD-CI-NSD group, the total MoCA score, attention score and orientation score in the CSVD-CI-SD group were significantly decreased( P<0.01). Correlation analysis results showed that the total MoCA score and attention in the CSVD-CI-SD group were negatively correlated with SD at night( r=-0.198, r=-0.115, P<0.05 for both), and orientation was negatively correlated with sleep quality( r=-0.170, P<0.05). Conclusions:The prevalence of SD is high in CSVD-CI patients, with CSVD-CI-SD patients showing more obvious overall cognitive, attention and orientation impairment in MoCA.Additionally, the total MoCA score and attention are negatively correlated with nighttime SD, and orientation is negatively correlated with sleep quality in CSVD-CI-SD patients.

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) is the most common type of nervous system disease in clinical practice in China at present. It is the important leading cause of death after heart disease and tumors. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease has a high rate of occurrence and mortality. It is easy to cause problems such as limb dysfunction, language disorders, nerve dysfunction, etc. It has a great negative effect on the quality of life of patients, and seriously affects the quality of their lives. Although the current research on the treatment of the disease has achieved certain results, single therapies can only treat some key parts of the disease and cannot completely reverse the whole process. At present, thrombolysis, antiplatelet aggregation, degradation of plasma fibrin, anticoagulation, and hemodilution are mainly used in clinical treatment. It is critical to select appropriate treatment methods based on the pathological characteristics of patients to improve efficacy and prognosis. In this review, the research progress in therapies for ischemic cerebrovascular disease was reviewed, both at home and abroad.

As the body′s largest organ, skin harbors a large amount of immune cells to regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), as a subset of T lymphocytes with negative regulatory functions, play an important role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of different tissue. However, researches of skin Tregs are largely limited and uncompleted as compared with other tissue. In recent years, a comprehensive understanding is increasingly showing the specialized functions of Tregs in skin, including the orchestration of tissue wound healing, involvement in hair follicle recycling, and modulation of proper immune homeostasis. In this review, we outline the classification and characteristics of Tregs in skin, distribution, migration routes, immune effects, and relationship with wound healing, which aims to deepening our understanding towards the immunological effects of T lymphocytes subsets in skin and its regulatory pathways.

Objective: To compare the in vitro biocompatibility of bone marrow mesenchymal cells on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium (Ti) surfaces. Methods : PEEK and Ti foils with thicknesses of 1 mm and diameters of 10 mm were prepared. First, bone marrow mesenchymal cells were separated and purified by the whole bone marrow adherent culture method in vitro. Then, osteogenesis-induced bone marrow mesenchymal cells were cultivated on the surfaces of the PEEK and Ti foils. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Alamar Blue test, an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kit and Alizarin Red staining were used to analyze calcium nodules and compare the adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal cells on the surfaces of the PEEK and Ti foils. Results : ① The morphology of the bone marrow mesenchymal cells cultured on the PEEK and Ti foils at 1 h, 4 h and 24 h showed no significant differences. ② In the 1 h, 3 h, 1 d and 3 d cultures of the bone marrow mesenchymal cells inoculated on the surfaces of the foils, the number of living cells in the PEEK group was greater than that in the Ti group (P < 0.05). ③ In the 7 d and 14 d osteogenesis-induced cultures of the inoculated bone marrow mesenchymal cells, the ALP activity of the PEEK group cells was significantly greater than that of the Ti group cells (P < 0.05). ④ Semiquantitative analysis after Alizarin Red staining showed that the mineralization degree of the bone marrow mesenchymal cells induced by osteoblasts was greater in the PEEK group than in the Ti group (P < 0.05). Conclusion PEEK has better in vitro biocompatibility than Ti and can better promote cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared with Ti, and so it is expected to become a new dental implant material.

AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of MAPK-interacting kinase-2 ( Mnk2 ) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E ( eIF4E) in the patients with resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC ). METHODS:The protein expression of Mnk2 and eIF4E in ESCC tissues (98 cases) and normal esophageal tissues (20 cases) were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their correlations with clinicopathological features were statisti-cally analyzed.RESULTS:The over-expression rate of Mnk2 and eIF4E was 68.4%(67/98) and 61.2%(60/98), re-spectively.The expression of Mnk2 had a positive correlation with eIF4E (P<0.05).Clinicopathologic analysis showed that Mnk2 expression was significantly correlated with T classification ( P<0.05 ) and clinical stage ( P<0.05 ) .CON-CLUSION:The over-expression of Mnk2 was significantly related to the tumor invasive depth , TNM stages and expression of eIF4E in ESCC.Expression of Mnk2 and eIF4E may have a cooperative formation mechanism in the development of ESCC.

Objective To investigate the correlation between lower extremity CTA and ankle brachial index (ABI) of the diabetic lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD),and to study the difference of the examination methods.Methods 80 patients of clinical diagnosed with diabetic LEAD that underwent CTA check were enrolled.The indexes of ABImax,ABImin,ABIave and lower limb atherosclerosis integral (LEAI) of the 80 patients were calculated respectively,and the relationship and correlation were analyzed between ABI and LEAI in different degree of lower extremity arterial calcification.Results ABI index of 58 (58/80) cases could be determined,with an average of 0.87.CTA results displayed that below-the-knee artery had a high incidence of atherosclerosis.According to the degree of arterial calcification,non-calcified in 4(4/58) cases,mild in 20(20/58),moderate in 10(10/58),and severe in 24(24/58).The patients with moderate and severe calcification,means the arterial calcification,had lower ABI (P =0.001),higher LEAI (P ＜ 0.001),and higher pressure of brachial artery(P =0.03).There was weak correlation between ABImax and LEAI(r =-0.48) and the best correlation between ABIave and LEAI(r=-0.59).The correlations between ABI and LEAI of non calcified cases were better than that of calcified ones.Conclusion ABI monitoring of diabetic LEAD has some limitations.Diabetic lower extremity artery CTA has important clinical value that can accurately assess the degree of arterial calcification and occlusion.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Lianhuaqingwen capsules ( LHQW ) on junction protein expression in mouse lung tissue of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury ( ALl). METHODS 120 male mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, model, model+dexa-methasone 5 mg.kg-1 , model +LHQW 2, 4 and 8 g.kg-1 groups. Dexamethasone and LHQW were administered orally, once daily, for 7 d. 24 h after the last administration, LPS solution was instilled into the tracheas of mice except the normal control group to prepare the mouse model of ALl. 24 h after the establishment of the ALl model, the mice were sacrificed and the pathological changes in the mouse lung tissue were observed by optical microscopy and ultrastructure of alveolar epithelium was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell percentage of positive expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the peripheral blood T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of con-nexin 43 ( Cx43), occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 ( ZO-1) in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Under the light microscope, the mouse lung of model group showed a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar wall thickening. Compared with model group, inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in model+dexamethasone, model+LHQW 2,4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups. Under the electron microscope, the mouse alveolar epithelial cells of model group showed injury. Compared with model group, the damage was reduced in model+dexamethasone, and model+LHQW 2, 4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups. The cell percentage of TNF-α positive expression in peripheral blood T lympho-cytes in normal control, model, model+dexamethasone, model+LHQW 2,4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups was (3.6±0.9)%, (6.4±0.8)%, (2.8±0.7)%, (4.7±1.6)%, (4.0±1.5)% and (3.6±1.2)%, respectively. The percentage in model group was obviously higher than that in normal control group( P<0.01), but was lower in the four drug treatment groups than in model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). The expression of Cx43, occludin and ZO-1 in lung tissue of model group was lower than that of normal control group(P<0.01), but higher in model+dexamethasone, model + LHQW 4 and 8 mg.kg-1 groups than in model group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION LHQW may alleviate ALl induced by LPS and play a protective role by inhibiting inflammatory cell infiltration and improving protein connection expression in alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.

Aim To investigate the effect of Jinlida on cholesterol-related genes in skeletal muscle in fat-in-duced insulin resistance ApoE-/ - mice. Methods Ten male C57 BL/6 J mice were selected as normal group ( NF );50 male ApoE-/ - mice with a high-fat feeding after 16 weeks ( HF) were divided into model group, rosiglitazone ( LGLT ) , Jinlida low dose group ( JLDL, 0. 95 g · kg-1 · d-1 ) , Jinlida medium dose group ( JLDM, 1. 9 g·kg-1 ·d-1 ) , Jinlida high dose group (JLDH, 3. 8 g·kg-1·d-1), which were per-formed intragastric administration for 8 weeks. Oil red O staining of mouse skeletal muscle was used for fat ac-cumulation. Insulin receptor ( INSR) , insulin receptor body substrate-1 ( IRS-1 ) , low-density lipoprotein re-ceptor ( LDLR ) , cholesterol sensor ( SCAP ) mRNA and protein expression in mouse skeletal muscle were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR ) and Western blot. Results Compared with NF group, fasting blood glucose ( FBG) , choles-terol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) and low density lipo-protein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) of HF mice were signifi-cantly elevated, while high-density lipoprotein ( HDL-C ) significantly decreased ( P < 0. 05 ) . Compared with HF group, Jinlida group could reduce to varying degrees FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C in mice, and in-crease HDL-C ( P <0. 05 ) . Jinlida could downgrade fasting serum insulin ( FINS ) level, and improve the insulin sensitive index ( ISI ) ( P < 0. 05 ) . Jinlida could obviously improve skeletal muscle fat accumula-tion of mice. Compared with NF group, skeletal mus-cle INSR, IRS-1, LDLR mRNA and protein levels of HF group were significantly decreased ( P <0. 05 ) , while SCAP mRNA and protein level increased signifi-cantly (P<0. 05). Compared with HF group, Jinlida could increase to varying degrees INSR, IRS-1, LDLR mRNA and protein levels ( P < 0. 05 ) , and lower SCAP mRNA and protein levels ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclu-sion Jinlida can alleviate fat-induced insulin resist-ance in ApoE-/ - mice through regulation of cholester-ol-related gene expression.

Objective To compare the differences of lung pathological changes of acute lung injury in mice in-duced by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) and graphite particles, and to explore the possible mechanisms of acute lung injury in-duced by fine particles of different origins.Methods 140 male specific-pathogen-free Kunming mice weighing 18-20 g were randomly divided into 7 experimental groups, in addition to the normal control group.The experimental groups were treated by intratracheal instillation of LPS solution or graphite powder suspension in different doses, respectively, to induce acute lung injury in the mice.The mortality of the mice was observed, and pathological changes of the lung tissues were ex-amined by light and transmission electron microscopy.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of neutrophil elastase ( NE) in lung tissues , and real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of monocyte chemotac-tic protein-1 ( MCP-1) in the lung tissue .Results Compared with the normal control group, some pathological changes were observed in the lung tissues of the groups L ( LPS) and G ( graphite) .There were numerous macrophages in the lung tissues in the group G mice, and exudate, mainly neutrophils, in the lung tissues of the group L.The NE protein expres-sion in the lung tissue was significantly higher than that of the normal control group ( P<0.05) , and there was also a sig-nificant difference between the groups L and G (P<0.05).The MCP-1 mRNA expression in lung tissues was higher in the control group (P<0.01), and there was also a significant difference between the groups L and G (P<0.01).Conclu-sions Diverse types of particulate matters induce different pathological changes in the lungs, therefore the mechanism may also be different in the inflammatory responses.It means that the lung injuries caused by fine particles of mixed composition may have complex mechanisms.