Objective To explore the changing trend in the disease burden of gout in China from 1990 to 2021, and analyze the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by age and gender, with comparisons to global patterns, and to predict the disease burden of gout in China in 2030. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database were used to analyze changes in gout burden. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Comparative analyses were conducted on data from China and the world, and an ARIMA model was used to project China's gout burden in 2030. Results From 1990 to 2021, China's age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) rose from 122.52 to 151.61/100,000, exceeding the global rise from 93.09 to 109.07/100,000. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) in China increased from 640.67/100,000 to 810.35/100,000, compared to a global rise from 536.54/100,000 to 653.81/100,000. The age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) in China increased from 20.2/100,000 to 25.43/100,000, surpassing the global increase from 16.67/100,000 to 20.21/100,000. AAPCs for ASIR, ASPR, and ASDR in China were 0.70%, 0.77%, and 0.75%, respectively, all higher than global rates. Middle-aged and elderly men faced the highest burden. It was predicted that there will be a decline in China's ASIR and ASPR by 2030, while ASDR will remain stable. Conclusion The disease burden of gout in China has increased significantly, outpacing global trends. Targeted interventions for hyperuricemia, particularly in elderly men, are crucial to reduce the future disease burden.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly aggressive hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis, despite advancements in treatment. Many patients struggle with relapse or refractory disease. Investigating the role of the super-enhancer (SE) regulated gene ubiquitin-specific protease 20 (USP20) in T-ALL could enhance targeted therapies and improve clinical outcomes. Analysis of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data from six T-ALL cell lines and seven pediatric samples identified USP20 as an SE-regulated driver gene. Utilizing the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and BloodSpot databases, it was found that USP20 is specifically highly expressed in T-ALL. Knocking down USP20 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) increased apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in T-ALL cells. In vivo studies showed that USP20 knockdown reduced tumor growth and improved survival. The USP20 inhibitor GSK2643943A demonstrated similar anti-tumor effects. Mass spectrometry, RNA-Seq, and immunoprecipitation revealed that USP20 interacted with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) and stabilized it by deubiquitination. Cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) results indicated that USP20 co-localized with HIF1A, jointly modulating target genes in T-ALL. This study identifies USP20 as a therapeutic target in T-ALL and suggests GSK2643943A as a potential treatment strategy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and role of response gene to complement 32 （RGC32） in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy （PH）. MethodsA total of 42 male C57BL/6 mice， aged 10 weeks， were randomly divided into control group， postoperative day 1 group （1－d group）， postoperative day 2 group （2－d group）， postoperative day 4 group （4－d group）， postoperative day 6 group （6－d group）， postoperative day 8 group （8－d group）， and postoperative day 10 group （10－d group）， with 6 mice in each group. In the control group， the complete liver of the mice was resected for weighing and photography as the normal control group （sham group）； further， the left and middle lobes of the liver were resected for weighing and photography as the surgical control group （0－day group）； the sham group and the 0－day group shared the same group of mice. After successful modeling by PH， the mice were sacrificed on days 1， 2， 4， 6， 8， and 10 after surgery， and the liver was collected to measure the change in size. HE staining and oil red O staining were used to evaluate liver histomorphological changes； serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were measured to evaluate the changes in liver function； immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） and Ki67 and analyze the change in cell proliferation during liver regeneration； quantitatie real－time PCR and immunohistochemical staining were uused to measure the expression and subcellular distribution of RGC32 during liver regeneration； EdU cell proliferation assay was used to analyze the effect of RGC32 overexpression or knocknout on hepatocyte proliferation in L02 cells. For continuous data， comparison between multiple groups was made by analysis of variance， and further pairwise comparisons were conducted using the LSD－t test. The independent samples t－test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed. ResultsThe liver gradually enlarged after PH， and the liver/body weight ratio rose to the peak from days 0 to 6， with significant differences between different time points （all P<0.05）， while there was no significant change in liver size from days 6 to 10. The number of liver lipid droplets significantly increased after PH surgery and gradually decreased with liver regeneration， with a significant difference between the portal vein region and the central vein region （all P<0.05）. Compared with the sham group， the 1d group had significant increases in the serum levels of ALT and AST （all P<0.05）， which gradually returned to the levels of the sham group on day 6 and day 2 after surgery， respectively （P>0.05）. Immunohistochemical staining showed that there were rapid increases in the numbers of PCNA－ and Ki67－positive liver parenchymal cells after PH surgery， with the highest numbers of 86±5 and 89±5， respectively， on day 2， which then gradually decreased； however， there were gradual increases in the numbers of PCNA－ and Ki67－positive nonparenchymal cells， with the peak numbers of 34±5 and 25±3， respectively， on day 6， which then gradually decreased. The total expression of RGC32 increased to the highest level on day 2 after PH surgery and then gradually decreased， and the changing trend of RGC32 expression in cytoplasm was consistent with that of total RGC32 expression； however， the expression of RGC32 in nucleus decreased to the lowest level on day 2 after PH surgery and then increased gradually. The correlation analysis showed that the expression of RGC32 in nucleus was negatively correlated with the proliferation of liver parenchymal cells （R²=0.308 3， P=0.016 7）， and the expression of RGC32 in cytoplasm was positively correlated with the proliferation of liver parenchymal cells （R²=0.808 6， P<0.000 1）. Cell experiments showed that compared with the control group， the EdU－positive rate was reduced by 15.6% after RGC32 overexpression （P<0.01） and was increased by 19.2% after RGC32 knockdown （P<0.01）. ConclusionLiver parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal cells show asynchronous proliferation and participate in liver regeneration together. During liver regeneration after hepatectomy， there are differences in the expression of RGC32 between nucleus and cytoplasm， and RGC32 in nucleus may inhibit hepatocyte proliferation.

OBJECTIVES: To construct a quantitative index system with the integrated medical and nursing care assessment for the elderly service needs, this system can assess the cost of medical and care services accurately and objectively, so as to provide scientific basis for the allocation of old-age service resources in China. METHODS: Based on the survival needs of the Existence, Relation and Growth theory, an index system is constructed through literature analysis, group discussion, and expert correspondence. Analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weights of indicators at all levels. The 3-grades service items corresponding to each index were quantified through the measurement of working hours, and the medical and nursing care needs of 624 disabled/demented elderly people over 60 years old in Changsha were investigated to evaluate their reliability and validity. RESULTS: The authoritative coefficients of the 2 rounds of expert correspondence were 88.5% and 88.6%, respectively, and the opinion coordination coefficients were 0.159 and 0.167, respectively. The final quantitative evaluation index system included 4 first-level indicators, 17 second-level indicators, and 105 third-level indicators. The service time of doctor ranged from 6.01 to 22.64 min, the service time of nurses ranged from 0.77 to 24.79 min, and the service time of caregiver ranged from 0.12 to 51.88 min. The Cronbach's αcoefficient was 0.73, the split-half reliability was 0.74, the content validity was 0.93, and the calibration validity was 0.781. CONCLUSIONS The quantitative evaluation index system of medical and nursing service need for the elderly can be used to accurately evaluate the medical and nursing service need.
Humans ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delphi Technique ; Nursing Care ; China

Heart failure is the leading cause of death worldwide. Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP) or CDDP combined with simvastatin has been widely used to treat patients with myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases in China. However, the effect of CDDP on hypercholesterolemia/atherosclerosis-induced heart failure is unknown. We constructed a new model of heart failure induced by hypercholesterolemia/atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and LDL receptor (LDLR) dual deficient (ApoE^-/-LDLR^-/-) mice and investigated the effect of CDDP or CDDP plus a low dose of simvastatin on the heart failure. CDDP or CDDP plus a low dose of simvastatin inhibited heart injury by multiple actions including anti-myocardial dysfunction and anti-fibrosis. Mechanistically, both Wnt and lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) pathways were significantly activated in mice with heart injury. Conversely, CDDP or CDDP plus a low dose of simvastatin inhibited Wnt pathway by markedly up-regulating expression of Wnt inhibitors. While the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress by CDDP were achieved by inhibiting KDM4A expression and activity. In addition, CDDP attenuated simvastatin-induced myolysis in skeletal muscle. Taken together, our study suggests that CDDP or CDDP plus a low dose of simvastatin can be an effective therapy to reduce hypercholesterolemia/atherosclerosis-induced heart failure.

Objective:To investigate the serum level and significance of complement factor B (CFB) and complement factor D (CFD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Methods:From October 2019 to October 2020, 110 patients with T2DM in the endocrinology department of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College were divided into DPN group ( n=60) and simple T2DM group ( n=50) according to whether or not DPN was combined. In addition, 52 cases of physical examination population in the physical examination center in the same period were selected as the normal control group ( n=52). The serum levels of CFB, CFD and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between CFB, CFD and clinical indexes was analyzed, and the influencing factors of DPN were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:The serum levels of CFB and CFD in DPN group were higher than those in T2DM group and normal control group [CFB: (845.43±101.10)μg/ml vs (792.19±116.59)μg/ml, (739.20±123.43)μg/ml, P<0.05], [CFD: (491.71±41.03)mg/L vs (467.58±45.16)mg/L, (445.16±50.47)mg/L, P<0. 05]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum level of CFB was positively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and TNF-α (all P<0.05) and negatively correlated with triiodothyronine (FT3) and total bilirubin (TBIL) (all P<0.05). Serum CFD level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, HbA 1c, FPG and TNF-α (all P<0.05), but negatively correlated with FT3 and TBIL (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that CFB and CFD were still influential factors for the occurrence and development of DPN after excluding confounding factors such as systolic blood pressure, HbA 1c, FPG, FT3, DBIL, TBIL and TNF-α. Conclusions:(1) Serum CFB and CFD levels were significantly increased in DPN patients, suggesting that CFB and CFD may be involved in the occurrence and development of DPN. (2) Serum TNF-α level was significantly increased in DPN patients, confirming the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of DPN.

Objective:To investigate the expression levels of serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(sTREM2)in patients with vascular dementia(VD)and its relationship with β-amyloid 1-42(Aβ1-42)and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 2(Lp-PLA2), as well as its value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Methods:A total of 152 patients with ischemic stroke receiving routine treatment in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were included and divided into a VD group(n=76)and a non-VD group(n=76)according to evaluation from subsequent visits at 3 months.General data, Mini-Mental State Examination Scale(MMSE), Hachinski Ischemic Scale(HIS)scores, and the levels of biochemical indicators were compared and analyzed for the two groups.Results:There were statistically significant differences in lesion size between the VD group and the non-VD group( P<0.05). The MMSE score in the VD group was significantly lower than that in the non-VD group.The HIS score, serum levels of sTREM2[(3.34±1.18)μg/L and(2.78±1.25)μg/L, t=2.121, P=0.036], Aβ1-42[(93.69±14.45)ng/L and(81.24±14.21)ng/L, t=4.003, P<0.001]and Lp-PLA2 levels[(58.67±14.15)μg/L and(43.18±13.86)μg/L, t=5.096, P<0.001]were significantly higher in patients with VD than in patients without VD( P<0.05). Serum sTREM2 was positively correlated with Aβ1-42( r=0.723, P<0.001)and Lp-PLA2( r=0.714, P<0.001), and Aβ1-42 was positively correlated with Lp-PLA2( r=0.698, P<0.001)in VD patients.The cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of serum sTREM2 for differentiating VD from non-VD were 3.96 μg/L, 81.30%, 78.40%, and 0.838, respectively. Conclusions:Serum sTREM2 is abnormally elevated in VD patients, and is significantly correlated with Aβ1-42 and LP-PLA2, thus STREM2 may be an indicator in the differential diagnosis of VD and non-VD.

Objective:To explore the correlation between dietary fiber intake and intestinal barrier function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).Methods:IBS-D patients were recruited from May 2019 to October 2019 at the clinic of gastroenterology department in China-Japan Friendship Hospital and healthy controls (HCs) were recruited by advertisement. Clinical manifestations, psychological status and quality of life were assessed using standardized questionnaires. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits in the preceding year. Serum diamine oxidase (DAO) was measured via ELISA.Results:64 IBS-D patients and 35 HCs were enrolled, with no significant difference in sex ratio, age and BMI between the two groups. Second to health concern, food avoidance was the dominant impacting factor for quality of life in IBS-D patients. The intake frequency of dietary fiber was decreased in IBS-D patients, and the intake frequencies of dietary fiber-rich foods were significantly lower in IBS-D patients ( P < 0.01 for tubers, P = 0.002 for vegetables, P = 0.019 for fruits and P = 0.045 for legumes). On the other hand, the intake frequencies of processed meat ( P < 0.01), greasy food ( P = 0.009), barbecued food ( P = 0.002) and animal offal ( P = 0.003) were significantly higher in IBS-D patients compared with HCs, indicating the increased intake frequency of fat. Multivariate logistic regression showed that tubers might reduce the risk of IBS-D ( OR = 0.409,95% CI: 0.232 to 0.722, P = 0.002). The frequency of abdominal pain was positively associated with the intake frequency of greasy food in IBS-D patients. Serum DAO was measured in 37 IBS-D patients and 27 HCs. IBS-D patients had significantly higher serum DAO than HCs ( 77.0 [55.3, 100.6] μg/L vs 42.5 [28.0, 58.2] μg/L, P < 0.01). Among all the participants with serum DAO test results, the level of DAO was negatively associated with the intake frequencies of tubers, vegetables and fruits while positively associated with the intake frequencies of processed meat and barbecued food. Conclusions:Food avoidance was an important impacting factor for quality of life in IBS-D patients. IBS-D patients might have insufficient dietary fiber intake and excessive fat intake. Tubers could possibly reduce the risk of IBS-D. The decreased intake frequency of dietary fiber might have a role in intestinal barrier dysfunction in IBS-D patients.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E virus, and to provide scientific reference for the development of prevention and control strategies for hepatitis E. Methods Descriptive analysis and clustering analysis were used for data analysis. Results From 2004 to 2019, 32,224 cases of hepatitis E were reported in Hubei Province, with an average annual incidence rate of 3.47/100,000, showing an overall upward trend. The incidence of hepatitis E was higher in winter and spring, with a peak occurring during January to May. The incidence of the male to female ratio was 2.5:1. The number of reported cases between 40-69 years old accounted for 68.25% of the total cases. Farmers, household chores, unemployed and retired personnel accounted for 72.68% of the total cases. Wuhan, Xiaogan, Jingmen, Yichang and Enshi were the top five cities for average annual incidence. Conclusion The incidence of hepatitis E in Hubei Province is generally on the rise, with obvious characteristics of time, population, and space distribution. It is necessary to strengthen education and monitoring of susceptible population to reduce the harm of hepatitis E to the health of the population.