BackgroundAnxiety exhibits a rising prevalence among college students. Investigating the mechanisms through which family function relates to anxiety and examining the moderating role of emotion regulation strategies within this context hold substantial implications for promoting mental health among college students. However， existing research has not sufficiently elucidated the complex interplay among family function， emotion regulation， and anxiety among college students. Further research is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms linking family function to anxiety outcomes and to examine the potential moderating role of emotion regulation strategies in this causal pathway. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between family function and anxiety among lower-grade college students， and to validate the moderating role of emotion regulation strategies in this relationship， thereby offering evidence-based insights for anxiety reduction interventions in this population. MethodsIn March 2023， a total of 1 980 first- and second-year students from a comprehensive university in Shanghai were selected using the cluster sampling method. A self-designed demographic questionnaire， the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire （ERQ）， the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale Ⅱ-Chinese Version （FACES Ⅱ-CV）， and the Symptom Checklist-90 （SCL-90） were utilized for assessment. Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were employed to test the correlations of each variable. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to certify the moderating role of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between family function and anxiety. ResultsCompared with female students， male students scored significantly lower on ERQ cognitive reappraisal （t=-5.793， P<0.01） but significantly higher on ERQ expressive suppression （t=8.359， P<0.01）. For lower-grade college students， scores on adaptability and cohesion subscales of FACES Ⅱ-CV showed a positive association with cognitive reappraisal in ERQ （r=0.251， 0.302， P<0.01）， while simultaneously displaying negative correlations with both expressive suppression in ERQ （r=-0.113， -0.154， P<0.01） and anxiety in SCL-90 （r=-0.243， -0.202， P<0.01）. Notably， anxiety scores in SCL-90 were inversely related to cognitive reappraisal scores in ERQ （r=-0.159， P<0.01） but directly associated with expressive suppression scores in ERQ （r=0.171， P<0.01）. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that cognitive reappraisal significantly moderated the relationship between family cohesion and anxiety （β=-0.421， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe cognitive reappraisal strategy serves as a moderator in the relationship between family cohesion and anxiety， potentially mitigating the escalation of anxiety levels associated with family dysfunction. ［Funded by Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanghai Pudong New Area （number， PKJ2023-Y21）］

ObjectiveTo verify the therapeutic effect of Yinqi Sanhuang Jiedu decoction （YQSH） on carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄）-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice， and to explore whether its effect was related to the inhibition of neutrophil infiltration and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs）. MethodsThe 36 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， positive drug silybin （SF） group （55 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， YQSH-L group， YQSH-M group， and YQSH-H group （8.325， 16.65， 33.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively），n=6 in each group. Except for the control group， mice in all other groups were intraperitoneally injected with CCl₄ to induce hepatic fibrosis. After successful modeling， each drug administration group was given the corresponding drugs by gavage for eight weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Sirius red staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue. Liver elasticity was detected by a color Doppler ultrasound system. Immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were performed to detect the protein expression and mRNA levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 （CXCL1）， CXCL2 and CXCL5. Neutrophil levels were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of neutrophil elastase （NE） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） positive protein was observed by immunofluorescence. The contents of MPO， NE and CitH3 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultsCompared with the control group， the liver of the model group showed obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition， and the liver elasticity， CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL5 expression， neutrophil level， and MPO， NE and CitH3 levels were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in the liver tissue of mice were reduced after YQSH treatment. Moreover， the liver elasticity was reduced （P<0.01）. The protein expression （P<0.01） and mRNA level of CXCL1， CXCL2 and CXCL5 were decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. The neutrophil level was decreased （P<0.01）， the expression of MPO and NE positive protein was significantly decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the levels of MPO， NE and CitH3 were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of YQSH may be related to its inhibition of chemokines （CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL5）， reduction of neutrophil infiltration， and inhibition of NETs generation.

ObjectiveTo verify the therapeutic effect of Yinqi Sanhuang Jiedu decoction （YQSH） on carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄）-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice， and to explore whether its effect was related to the inhibition of neutrophil infiltration and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs）. MethodsThe 36 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， positive drug silybin （SF） group （55 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， YQSH-L group， YQSH-M group， and YQSH-H group （8.325， 16.65， 33.3 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively），n=6 in each group. Except for the control group， mice in all other groups were intraperitoneally injected with CCl₄ to induce hepatic fibrosis. After successful modeling， each drug administration group was given the corresponding drugs by gavage for eight weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Sirius red staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissue. Liver elasticity was detected by a color Doppler ultrasound system. Immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were performed to detect the protein expression and mRNA levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 （CXCL1）， CXCL2 and CXCL5. Neutrophil levels were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of neutrophil elastase （NE） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） positive protein was observed by immunofluorescence. The contents of MPO， NE and CitH3 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultsCompared with the control group， the liver of the model group showed obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition， and the liver elasticity， CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL5 expression， neutrophil level， and MPO， NE and CitH3 levels were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in the liver tissue of mice were reduced after YQSH treatment. Moreover， the liver elasticity was reduced （P<0.01）. The protein expression （P<0.01） and mRNA level of CXCL1， CXCL2 and CXCL5 were decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. The neutrophil level was decreased （P<0.01）， the expression of MPO and NE positive protein was significantly decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the levels of MPO， NE and CitH3 were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of YQSH may be related to its inhibition of chemokines （CXCL1， CXCL2， CXCL5）， reduction of neutrophil infiltration， and inhibition of NETs generation.

AIM:To investigate the effect of peripheral defocus design rigid gas permeable contact lenses(defocus RGPCL)in controlling myopia progression in children aged 6-12 y with high myopia, and to compare the outcomes with traditional single-vision RGPCL and single-vision spectacles.METHODS:This prospective cohort study enrolled children aged 6-12 y with high myopia who visited the Ophthalmology and Optometry Center of Xi'an No.1 Hospital between January 2022 and January 2023. Based on parental preference, participants were divided into three groups: defocused RGPCL group, single-vision RGPCL group, and single-vision spectacles group. The axial length(AL)and cycloplegic spherical equivalent(SE)refraction were compared at baseline, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 y after lens wear. Additionally, AL and SE delay rates were calculated for each group.RESULTS: This study enrolled a total of 90 children with high myopia(180 eyes), with no participants lost to follow-up. Participants were allocated into three groups based on parental preference. Thirty children(60 eyes)were assigned to the peripheral defocus RGPCL group, consisting of 12 boys and 18 girls with a mean age of 9.96±1.56 y; 30 children(60 eyes)to the single-vision RGPCL group, including 15 boys and 15 girls with a mean age of 9.40±1.52 y; and 30 children(60 eyes)to the single-vision spectacles group, with 14 boys and 16 girls and a mean age of 9.80±1.37 y. At 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 y lens fitting, AL and SE increased significantly in all three groups(all P<0.05), with the growth rates in the defocused RGPCL group being significantly lower than those in the single-vision RGPCL and single-vision spectacles groups(all P<0.05). At 2 y lens fitting, the AL elongation was 0.22±0.24 mm and the mean SE progression was 0.70±0.70 D in the peripheral defocus RGPCL group; 0.49±0.38 mm and 1.34±0.60 D in the single-vision RGPCL group; and 0.50±0.21 mm and 1.72±0.47 D in the single-vision spectacles group. Using the single-vision spectacles group as the control, the AL delay rate and SE delay rate at 2 y lens fitting were 56.0% and 59.3%, respectively, in the defocused RGPCL group.CONCLUSION:For children with high myopia aged 6-12 y, defocus RGPCLs can effectively and significantly delay AL elongation and SE progression, demonstrating markedly superior control efficacy compared to single-vision RGPCL or single-vision spectacles. Defocused RGPCL can serve as an effective optical intervention for high myopia children.

Minimally conscious state （MCS） is at the edge between closed and open consciousness， but it still belongs to the category of "wind-strike block" syndrome. The basic pathogenesis of MCS is the obstruction of pathogenic qi， orifices closed and spirit hidden， with pathological factors including phlegm， fire， and blood stasis. Wind movement and water retention may also be present， and often leading to deficiency syndrome due to the exhaustion of qi， blood， yin， and yang at later stages. Treatment chooses Shexiang （Moschus） as the chief medicinal， emphasizing combination of medicinals and urgency of medication administration； the key therapeutic method is to open the orifices， with focuses on expelling pathogens and reinforcing healthy qi. For patients with severe phlegm or fire， use Xiaochengqi Decoction （小承气汤） to open the lower orifices， discharge heat and unblock the bowels， combined with Shexiang （Moschus） and Niuhuang （Bovis Calculus） to open the upper orifices， awaken the spirit and guide qi. For patients with turbid phlegm as the predominant， temporarily replace Shexiang （Moschus） with Baizhi （Angelicae dahuricae radix）， using Ditan Decoction （涤痰汤） to eliminate phlegm to open the orifices， when turbid phlegm gradually subsided， Shexiang （Moschus） could be added. For patients with blood stasis as the predominant， Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction （通窍活血汤） will be used to activate blood and open orifice， if the blood circulates， the endogenous wind will be calmed， the water will be induced， the orifices will open and the consciousness will restore. For patients with closed orifices and body deficiency， the treatment should open the orifices and reinforce healthy qi， and consider the root and branch simultaneously； qi deficiency syndrome can be addressed with Buyang Huanwu Decoction （补阳还五汤） to boost qi and reinforce healthy qi； yin deficiency syndrome can be treated with Shaoyao Gancao Decoction （芍药甘草汤） combined with Fengsui Pill （封髓丹） to nourish yin， soften sinews， and secure kidney essence； yang deficiency can be managed by using Dihuang Yinzi Decoction （地黄饮子） to enrich yin， supplement yang， and open the orifices.

Objective:To predict the monthly incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Hebei Province by using the generalized additive model (GAM).Methods:The incidence data of HFRS in Hebei from 2006 to 2020 were collected, and the correlation coefficients between meteorological factors and the monthly incidence of HFRS in Hebei were analyzed by Spearman's correlation, and the meteorological factors were lagged by 0-6 orders, and those with the largest absolute values of the correlation coefficients were screened to be included in the multifactorial GAM to evaluate the effects of meteorological factors.Results:The monthly incidence of HFRS had the strongest correlation with monthly mean air temperature at lag order 2, monthly mean wind speed at lag order 0, monthly mean sunshine at lag order 4, monthly mean precipitation at lag order 2 and monthly mean humidity at lag order 1, which were diagnosed by the variance inflation factor and included in the multifactorial GAM, and the results showed significant differences among the factors (all P<0.001), and they showed non-linear relationships with the monthly incidence of HFRS. Mean monthly temperature was an important factor influencing HFRS incidence. Mean monthly air temperature, mean monthly sunshine and mean monthly wind speed were negatively associated with HFRS incidence, whereas mean monthly precipitation and mean monthly humidity were positively associated with HFRS incidence. Conclusions:There was a complex non-linear relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of HFRS. GAM incorporated with lagged meteorological factors can be used to predict the incidence of HFRS in Hebei.

Objective To evaluate the renoprotective effects of zinc(Zn)supplementation in diabetes kidney disease(DKD)and to explore its impact on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling pathway.Methods A total of 12 male OVE26 mice(spontaneous type 1 diabetes mellitus mice)aged 3 months and weighing approximately 24-27 g were selected and randomly assigned to a diabetes mellitus(DM)group and a zinc-treated DM(DM/Zn)group(n=6 each).In addition,12 age-matched male FVB mice weighing approximately 27-30 g were selected and randomly assigned to a non-diabetic control(Ctrl)group and a zinc-treated(Zn)group(n=6 each).Mice in the DM/Zn and Zn groups were given zinc supplementation for 3 months,with each mouse receiving 5 mg/kg of zinc sulfate by gavage every other day.Mice in the DM and Ctrl groups were given the same volume of normal saline.At the end of the experiment,the albumin-to-creatinine ratio(ACR)in urine was used as an indicator to evaluate renal function.Sirius red staining was performed to assess renal fibrosis in each group of mice.Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of fibrotic growth factors,including connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),in renal tissue,and the protein expression of Nrf2,an antioxidant substance,and the protein expression levels of its downstream targets,including NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NQO1),heme oxygenase 1(HO-1),superoxide dismutase(SOD)-1,SOD-2,and catalase(CAT).Results 1)Compared to the Ctrl group,the urinary protein secretion levels of mice in the DM group exhibited progressive increase.After 3 months of zinc supplementation treatment,the urinary protein secretion levels of mice in the DM/Zn group decreased Compared to that of mice in the DM group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).2)Compared to that in the Ctrl group,the collagen deposition in the renal tissues of mice in the DM group increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),while no obvious change was observed in mice in the DM/Zn group.Compared to the Ctrl group,mice in the DM group exhibited increased expression levels of CTGF and TGF-β1 in the renal tissues,but the expression levels decreased after zinc supplementation treatment,with the differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).3)Compared to that of the Ctrl group,the expression level of Nrf2 in the renal tissues of mice in the Zn and DM groups increased,and the level of Nrf2 in the renal tissues of mice in the DM/Zn group showed a further increase,with the differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).4)Compared to those of the Ctrl group,the protein expression levels of Nrf2 downstream target genes,including NQO1 and HO-1,in the renal tissues of mice in the Zn group increased,and the levels of NQO1 and HO-1 in the renal tissues of mice in the DM/Zn group showed a further increase,with the differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared to those of the mice in the Ctrl group,the protein expressions of Nrf2 downstream target genes,including SOD-1,SOD-2,and CAT of in the renal tissues of the mice in the Zn group increased,while the expression levels of SOD-1,SOD-2,and CAT in the renal tissues of the mice in the DM group decreased,with the differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Zn supplementation could completely inhibit these changes(P<0.05).Conclusions Zn supplementation has therapeutic effects on DKD and mitigates T1DM-induced renal dysfunction and oxidative injury in mice,which may be associated with the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway.

Objective In this study,clinical data of Alzheimer's disease(AD)patients,structural magnetic resonance imaging(sMRI)data,and positron emission tomography(PET)data were used to construct an auxiliary diagnostic model with good classification effects,so as to formulate a personalized treatment plan at the early stage of the patients,which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of AD.Methods In this study,a total of 401 study subjects containing complete sMRI images and PET images were selected from the ADNI-1(Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative-1,ADNI-1)database.We used statistical parameters mapping(SPM)and voxel-based morphometric(VBM)analysis of MATLAB to perform pre-processing operations such as spatial normalization and skull stripping on sMRI images and PET images of the study subjects.With the help of the brain atlas was used to segment the brain tissue structure.After that,the segmented gray matter was extracted from the corresponding brain regions based on anatomical automatic labeling,and the feature values of all brain regions were obtained.Then the extracted brain region feature values are then subjected to fisher score,support vector machine-recursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE)and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),a hybrid filtered-wrapped-embedded feature selection method with three different principles,to realize the dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional image data.Finally,the PAC-Bayesian strategy boosting based multi-view learning(PB-MVBoost)model is constructed based on multi-view decision fusion for clinical,sMRI and PET data.And it is compared with the traditional machine learning models support vector machine(SVM),decision tree(DT),K-nearest neighbor(KNN),random forests(RF),adaptive boosting(AdaBoost),and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)which are constructed after concatenating views.It is compared with multi-view multi-kernel learning models(AverageMKL,EasyMKL)and multi-view confusion matrix boosting,which is also the same multi-view decision fusion.Results Among all the multi-view fusion models of AD-MCI,the PB-MVBoost model based on decision fusion has the best performance(accuracy=0.98,F1-score=0.97,precision=0.98,recall=0.96,MSE=0.07).Among all the multi-view fusion models of MCI-NC,the model performance of PB-MVBoost based on decision fusion was the best(accuracy=0.99,F1-score=0.98,precision=0.99,recall=0.98,MSE=0.05).Conclusion In the classification of AD-MCI and MCI-NC,the distinction and calibration degree of PB-MVBoost model were optimized,indicating that the auxiliary diagnosis model of Alzheimer's disease constructed by PB-MVBoost classifier based on decision fusion performed the best,which could improve the recognition of patients with mild cognitive impairment and then assist clinical diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Yangxue Qingnao granules combined with oxiracetam on cognitive function, psychiatric symptoms, and levels of inflammatory factors in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Methods:This study used a prospective design and included 100 patients with Alzheimer's disease who received treatment at the Department of Neurology, Shangluo Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, from January 2021 to June 2023. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and an observation group ( n = 50 per group). The control group received oxiracetam treatment, while the observation group received Yangxue Qingnao granules in addition to oxiracetam. All patients underwent treatment for 12 weeks and were followed up for 24 weeks. Levels of inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, amyloid-β1-42, interleukin σ), oxidative stress responses (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, heme oxygenase-1), psychiatric symptoms (assessed by the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale), and cognitive function (measured using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale and the Mini-Mental State Examination) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The response rate was also compared between the two groups. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 24.0, using t-tests for measurement data and chi-square tests for categorical data. Results:After treatment, the serum levels of C-reactive protein, amyloid-β1-42, interleukin σ, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde as well as Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale and Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale scores in the observation group were (2.50 ± 0.31) mg/L, (83.77 ± 19.77) ng/L, (80.10 ± 30.11) ng/L, (55.10 ± 4.42) kU/L, (3.33 ± 0.32) μmol/L, (13.26 ± 2.62), and (5.86 ± 1.14), respectively. All of these values were significantly lower than those in the control group [(4.53 ± 0.50) mg/L, (109.31 ± 24.19) ng/L, (148.53 ± 42.00) ng/L, (63.51 ± 4.25) kU/L, (4.87 ± 0.24) μmol/L, (17.90 ± 3.35), (10.16 ± 2.49), t = 24.40, -5.78, 9.36, 9.69, -27.22, -7.71, 11.10, all P<0.01]. The serum levels of glutathione peroxidase and heme oxygenase-1 as well as Mini-Mental State Examination scores in the observation group were (95.21 ± 5.43) U, (14.33 ± 1.58) μg/L, and (26.40 ± 1.11), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(80.24 ± 5.33) U, (10.87 ± 1.24) μg/L, (23.53 ± 3.32) points, t = 13.91, 12.18, 5.79, all P<0.01]. Conclusions:Yangxue Qingnao granules combined with oxiracetam shows positive effects on improving behavioral symptoms, cognitive function, and overall clinical efficacy in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammation-related diseases due to their potent immunomodulatory properties. Several studies have demonstrated that MSC-mediated immunomodulation is complex and bidirectional, with the in vivo microenvironment influencing the direction of this modulation. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immunosuppressive factor, has been identified as a key "switch" in the immunomodulatory role of MSCs. In this review, we explore how IDO functions as a critical regulator of MSC immunoregulatory plasticity. We delve into the mechanisms by which changes in IDO expression affect the function of various immune cells, summarize relevant research and clinical advances regarding the role of IDO expression in MSC-based therapies for various diseases, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies that target IDO to enhance the stability of MSC therapeutic effects. This provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing MSCs as safer and more effective clinical therapeutic agents.