Cat allergens are among the most significant environmental factors contributing to the onset of allergic diseases. The increasing global prevalence of pet cat ownership in recent years has been associated with a rise in the incidence of allergic diseases linked to cat allergens. Research has demonstrated that pet cats can trigger type I hypersensitivity-related conditions, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis, in atopic individuals through allergens found in their dander, saliva, urine, and other substances. The precise mechanism by which cat allergens induce immune tolerance remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, due to the complexities of multiple sensitizations and cross-reactivity, the interactions between cat allergens and other pet allergens (e.g., dog allergens) and air pollutants in the development of allergic diseases are not yet fully elucidated. Consequently, this article reviews recent advancements in the epidemiology of cat allergen sensitization, the underlying mechanisms, exposure and sensitization risks, component-resolved diagnostics, treatment, and prevention, with the aim of providing references for clinical strategies in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of these conditions.

Robot-assisted surgery with its advantages such as three-dimensional high-definition vision, dexterous robotic arms, and tremor filtration, is increasingly being applied to complex radical gastrectomy. However, the role of the surgical assistant remains crucial during the procedure. The assistant is responsible for tasks outside the console, including adjusting robotic arms, changing instruments, exposing the surgical field, and addressing unexpected situations. The technical proficiency of the assistant and their collaboration efficiency with the primary surgeon directly impact the smoothness of surgery and patients' outcomes. With the expansion of robot-assisted surgical indications, the establishment of a standardized training system and the optimization of team collaboration models have become urgent challenges to address. This article draws on the author's practical experience as an assistant in robot-assisted gastric cancer surgeries, conducting an in-depth analysis of the responsibilities and operational skills of surgical assistants in robot-assisted procedures. The aim is to develop a relatively comprehensive set of operational guidelines for surgical assistants in robot-assisted radical gastrectomy, providing valuable references for enhancing the overall efficiency of surgical teams and improving surgical outcomes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.The epigenetic transcriptional modifications after RNA transcription can affect gene expression and glucose homeostasis.N6-methyladenine(m6A),as an RNA methylation modification,plays an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.This article reviews the research progress of m6A methylation in T2DM.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Robot-assisted surgery with its advantages such as three-dimensional high-definition vision, dexterous robotic arms, and tremor filtration, is increasingly being applied to complex radical gastrectomy. However, the role of the surgical assistant remains crucial during the procedure. The assistant is responsible for tasks outside the console, including adjusting robotic arms, changing instruments, exposing the surgical field, and addressing unexpected situations. The technical proficiency of the assistant and their collaboration efficiency with the primary surgeon directly impact the smoothness of surgery and patients' outcomes. With the expansion of robot-assisted surgical indications, the establishment of a standardized training system and the optimization of team collaboration models have become urgent challenges to address. This article draws on the author's practical experience as an assistant in robot-assisted gastric cancer surgeries, conducting an in-depth analysis of the responsibilities and operational skills of surgical assistants in robot-assisted procedures. The aim is to develop a relatively comprehensive set of operational guidelines for surgical assistants in robot-assisted radical gastrectomy, providing valuable references for enhancing the overall efficiency of surgical teams and improving surgical outcomes.

Objective To construct and validate a predictive model for gastric precancerous le-sions based on urea breath test,serum pepsinogen(PG)and gastrin-17(G-17).Methods Partici-pants who underwent endoscopic screening for upper gastrointestinal tumors were retrospectively en-rolled as study subjects.Using random function,all participants were divided into training cohort of 2,788 cases(comprising 1,290 cases in precancerous lesion group and 1,498 cases in control group)and validation cohort of 1,194 cases(comprising 581 cases in precancerous lesion group and 613 cases in control group)at a ratio of 7 to 3.A simple model was established based on urea breath test,PG and G-17.Clinical data between the precancerous lesion group and the control group in the training cohort were compared.A predictive model for gastric precancerous lesions was constructed u-sing multifactorial Logistic regression analysis,and a scoring model for gastric precancerous lesions(the complete model)was developed based on this predictive model.The complete model,the simple model,the new ABC method,and the Li's score were all included in the validation cohort to compare the predictive performance of the four models.Results Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis indicated that male,smoking,positive Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection,PG Ⅱ ≥10.19 μg/L,the ratio of PG Ⅰ to PG Ⅱ(PGR)≤11.87,and G-17 ≥3.82 pmol/L were independent risk factors for gastric precancerous lesions(P＜0.05).A predictive model for gastric precancerous lesions was constructed based on these risk factors,and the complete model was established based on the predic-tive model.The total score ranged from 0 to 12(with 6 to 12 indicating a high-risk population for gastric precancerous lesions and 0 to 5 indicating a low-risk population).When the complete model,the simple model,the new ABC method,and the Li's score were included in the validation cohort for comparison,the predictive values of the complete model and the simple model were similar.Both models demonstrated higher sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy compared to the new ABC method and the Li's score.Furthermore,the diag-nostic value of the simple model in the high-sensitivity region was slightly superior to that of the com-plete model.Conclusion The simple model constructed based on the urea breath test,PG and G-17 exhibits favorable predictive efficacy,calibration,and clinical utility,and is of positive signifi-cance for the early identification of patients with gastric precancerous lesions.

Cat allergens are among the most significant environmental factors contributing to the onset of allergic diseases. The increasing global prevalence of pet cat ownership in recent years has been associated with a rise in the incidence of allergic diseases linked to cat allergens. Research has demonstrated that pet cats can trigger type I hypersensitivity-related conditions, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis, in atopic individuals through allergens found in their dander, saliva, urine, and other substances. The precise mechanism by which cat allergens induce immune tolerance remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, due to the complexities of multiple sensitizations and cross-reactivity, the interactions between cat allergens and other pet allergens (e.g., dog allergens) and air pollutants in the development of allergic diseases are not yet fully elucidated. Consequently, this article reviews recent advancements in the epidemiology of cat allergen sensitization, the underlying mechanisms, exposure and sensitization risks, component-resolved diagnostics, treatment, and prevention, with the aim of providing references for clinical strategies in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of these conditions.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.The epigenetic transcriptional modifications after RNA transcription can affect gene expression and glucose homeostasis.N6-methyladenine(m6A),as an RNA methylation modification,plays an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM.This article reviews the research progress of m6A methylation in T2DM.

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanism of metformin on the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats.Methods:This study was an experimental study. Eighteen 8-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control group, diabetes group, and diabetes+metformin group according to complete random grouping method, with 6 rats in each group. The latter two groups of rats were used to create diabetic models, and then four circular full-thickness skin defect wounds with a diameter of 5 mm were made on the back of 18 rats. Metformin F-127 hydrogel was applied only to the wounds of rats in diabetes+metformin group. The wound healing status on post injury day (POD) 7 and 13 was observed and the wound healing rate was calculated. The wound tissue on POD 7 and 13 was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining to measure the length of re-epithelialized epidermis and calculate the change rates in diameters of epidermal and dermal wounds, for immunohistochemical staining to detect the relative expressions of keratin 10 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and for Western blotting to detect the protein expressions of keratin 10 and PCNA. The sample size in all the above experiments was 8 except that in the last experiment was 3. The correlations between the relative expressions of keratin 10 and PCNA in wound tissue in three groups of rats and their wound healing rates, and the correlation between the relative expressions of keratin 10 and PCNA in wound tissue were analyzed.Results:On POD 7, the wound healing rates of rats in diabetes group and diabetes+metformin group were 81.48% (77.89%, 85.53%) and 93.04% (92.51%, 94.24%), which were significantly lower than 100% (97.17%, 100%) in control group (with Z values of 2.37 and -3.36, respectively, P<0.05); the wound healing rate of rats in diabetes+metformin group was significantly higher than that in diabetes group ( Z=3.45, P<0.05). On POD 13, the wound healing rates of rats in control group and diabetes+metformin group were both 100% (100%, 100%), which were significantly higher than 94.47% (90.68%, 99.82%) in diabetes group (with Z values of 2.90 and -2.90, respectively, P<0.05). On POD 7, the change rates in epidermal wound diameter of rats in control group and diabetes+metformin group were significantly higher than that in diabetes group (with Z values of 3.36 and -2.74, respectively, P<0.05). The change rates in dermal wound diameter of rats in the three groups were similar on POD 7 and 13 ( P>0.05). The lengths of re-epithelialized epidermis of rats in control group and diabetes+metformin group on POD 13 were significantly longer than that in diabetes group (with Z values of 3.34 and -2.64, respectively, P<0.05). The relative expressions of keratin 10 in wound tissue of rats in diabetes group on POD 7 and 13 were significantly higher than those in control group (with Z values of -3.36 and -3.26, respectively, P<0.05) and diabetes+metformin group (with Z values of 3.36 and 3.15, respectively, P<0.05), and the relative expression of keratin 10 in wound tissue of rats in diabetes+metformin group on POD 7 was significantly lower than that in control group ( Z=3.05, P<0.05); the relative expressions of PCNA in wound tissue of rats in diabetes group on POD 7 and 13 were significantly lower than those in control group (with both Z values of 3.36, P<0.05) and diabetes+metformin group (with both Z values of -3.36, P<0.05). The protein expressions of keratin 10 in wound tissue of rats in control group and diabetes+metformin group on POD 7 as well as that in diabetes+metformin group on POD 13 were significantly lower than those in diabetes group ( P<0.05), and the protein expressions of PCNA in wound tissue of rats in control group and diabetes+metformin group on POD 7 were significantly higher than that in diabetes group ( P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the relative expression of keratin 10 in wound tissue and the wound healing rate in control group and diabetes+metformin group of rats (with r values of 0.78 and 0.71, respectively, P<0.05), there was a significant negative correlation between the relative expression of PCNA in wound tissue and the wound healing rate in diabetes+metformin group of rats ( r=-0.60, P<0.05), and there was a significant negative correlation between the relative expressions of PCNA and keratin 10 in wound tissue of rats in diabetes group and diabetes+metformin group (with r values of -0.41 and -0.49, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:The diabetic rats with full-thickness skin defect wound exhibit delayed healing, accompanied by up-regulation of keratin 10 and down-regulation of PCNA in keratinocytes in the wound tissue. Metformin can promote wound healing in diabetic rats with full-thickness skin defects by down-regulating keratin 10 expression and up-regulating PCNA expression in keratinocytes in the wound tissue, and the wound healing rate was positively correlated with the expression of keratin 10 and negatively correlated with the expression of PCNA.