Objective: To explore a simple, effective, and safe method for excluding false positives and identifying infections by comprehensively evaluating blood donors with reactive HIV screening results, thereby providing a basis for developing management strategies for such donors. Methods: HIV testing data of blood donors from our laboratory from January 2022 to December 2024 were collected. The results of ELISA and nucleic acid testing (NAT) were combined with confirmatory results from the CDC and analyzed. Results: A total of 605 929 samples were tested for HIV over the three-year period, with 682 reactive samples (reactive rate: 11.25 per 10 000). All were sent to the CDC for Western blot (WB) confirmation, resulting in 53 confirmed positives ((confirmed positive rate: 7.77%). Among these, 619 samples showed isolated HIV Ag&Ab reactivity with non-reactive NAT (HIV Ag&Ab+-&HIV RNA or NAT NR), with a confirmed infection rate of 0%; 9 samples showed dual HIV Ag&Ab reactivity with non-reactive NAT (HIV Ag&Ab++&HIV RNA NR or NAT NR), also with 0% confirmed infection; 52 samples showed dual HIV Ag&Ab reactivity and reactive NAT (HIV Ag&Ab++&HIV RNA R or NAT R), all confirmed as positive (100% infection rate); and 2 HIV Ag&Ab dual-reactive samples without NAT detection were also confirmed infected (100%). For all four HIV Ag&Ab assays, the S/CO values in the true positive group with dual reactivity were significantly higher than those in the false-positive groups (P<0.05). The S/CO distributions for both single-reactive false positives and dual-reactive false positives were narrow, with the upper box (Q3, 75th percentile) below optimal cutoff values in all cases (The optimal cutoff values for the four reagents were 5.00, 11.67, 8.50, and 20.90, respectively). Conclusion: Blood donors with positive NAT results in HIV blood screening are permanently deferred. Donors with dual positive HIV Ag&Ab but negative NAT results are classified and managed based on the S/CO values of HIV Ag&Ab and the optimal screening thresholds. Donors with single positive HIV Ag&Ab but negative NAT results are placed under evaluation status and retain their eligibility to donate blood. Optimizing the management measures for blood donors and establishing a scientific stratified management and assessment mechanism can effectively maintain the stability of the blood donor team.

OBJECTIVE To prepare an intelligent responsive liposome-hydrogel nanopreparation co-loaded with gambogic acid （GA）， and characterize its antitumor activity in vitro . METHODS GA-ICG-Lip-gel was prepared by ethanol injection and cold dissolution， incorporating GA and the photosensitizer indocyanine green （ICG）. The appearance and microscopic morphology of GA-ICG-Lip-gel were observed， its encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity were measured， and its photothermal conversion performance， photothermal stability， and infrared imaging properties were investigated， along with the determination of its in vitro release profile. Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were used as objects to investigate the effects of GA-ICG-Lip-gel （or with near-infrared light irradiation） on cell viability， migration ability， and the cellular uptake capacity of GA-ICG-Lip-gel. RESULTS GA-ICG-Lip-gel existed in a solution state at room temperature and transformed into a gel state at 37 ℃. Its microstructure was dense with small pores， and its encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were （96.07±0.86） % and （6.28±1.16） %， respectively. After exposure to near-infrared light， the temperature of GA-ICG-Lip-gel rose above 42 ℃， with no significant attenuation observed in the heating curve. The heating efficiency was dependent on both the irradiation time and drug concentration. Compared to media without gelatinase， the cumulative release rate of GA-ICG-Lip-gel increased in media containing gelatinase. In vitro studies showed that GA-ICG-Lip-gel could be efficiently taken up by MCF-7 cells； GA-ICG-Lip-gel significantly inhibited the viability and migration ability of MCF-7 cells （ P ＜0.05）， and this inhibitory effect was further enhanced under near-infrared light irradiation. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully prepares GA-ICG-Lip-gel， which exhibits favorable photothermal conversion properties and temperature/enzyme dual-responsive drug release characteristics， and demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.

Objective: To analyze the changing trend and distribution characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among blood donors in Hebei, thereby providing data to support strategy and procedure adjustment for blood collection and supply institutions. Methods: Data from 12 blood stations in Hebei Province from 2012 to 2021 were collected. These data were analyzed to determine trends in anti-HCV antibody double reagent reactive rate and to characterize its distribution among different donor categories, genders and birth cohorts. Results: During the period from 2012 to 2021, a total of 7.4576 million samples were tested at 12 blood stations in Hebei Province, with 3.4659 million (46.47%) from first-time donors, and 3.9917 million (53.53%) from repeat donors. The number (of anti-HCV double reagent reactive samples was 7167 (9.61/10 000). The anti-HCV double reagent reactive rate showed a annual downward trend (P<0.05), from 17.40/10 000 at the beginning to 4.95/10 000 at the end of the study period. Additionally, the double reagent reactive rate of repeat blood donors had remained below 1/10 000 since 2017. The double reagent reactive rate of first-time blood donors (19.42/10 000) was higher than in repeat donors (1.09/10 000) (P<0.05), and the double-reagent reactive rate of female first-time blood donors (20.98/10 000) was higher than that of male first-time blood donors (18.49/10 000) (P<0.05). The anti-HCV double reagent reactive rate among first-time donors exhibited two distinct peaks within the pre-1976 and 1989-1994 birth cohorts, with notable gender differences observed in both peak periods. The rate of double reagent reactive in females born before 1976 (52.22/10 000) was higher than that in males (32.28/10 000) (P<0.05), while that of males born in 1989-1994 was higher (25.75/10 000) than that of females (14.28/10 000) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalenc of HCV infection among blood donors in Hebei Province has shown a consistent year-over-year decline over the study period. The majority of infected individuals are found among the first-time blood donors born before 1995. These trends and characteristics provide valuable insights for developing pre-blood collection screening strategies, analyzing nucleic acid test data in blood screening, adjusting blood screening procedures, and provide evidence for targeted screening of high-risk populations as part of public health initiatives to eliminate hepatitis C.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) system is renowned for its exceptional gene-editing capabilities. In recent years, the discovery of the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12 and Cas13 proteins has shown great potential in the field of molecular diagnostics. The trans-cleavage activity of the CRISPR-Cas system has been widely applied in point-of-care testing (POCT). This article will provide a detailed discussion on the principles, advantages, and challenges of combining the CRISPR-Cas system with lateral flow assays, colorimetric methods, microfluidic technologies, smartphone applications, and portable detection sets. The CRISPR-Cas system demonstrates versatility in the POCT field with its ability to detect nucleic acids, pathogenic microorganisms, and non-nucleic acid targets. As CRISPR-Cas-based POCT continues to advance, these developments provide strong support for the formulation of personalized medical and public health strategies, further promoting the realization of precision medicine.

Hepatitis virus is the main pathogen causing liver inflammation and damage. Early detection is crucial for the effective treatment of hepatitis. The detection technology of hepatitis virus has gone through multiple stages, including immunological detection technology and nucleic acid detection technology. The emergence of emerging molecular detection technologies makes its detection more sensitive and convenient, including nanotechnology, Raman spectroscopy technology, microfluidic technology and biosensor technology. The development of these technologies has promoted the early diagnosis of hepatitis, but their clinic applications are still facing challenges. In the future, the development of hepatitis virus detection technology is expected to transform in the form of multidimensional and interdisciplinary innovation process, with its core objectives being the realization of more precise, convenient, and accessible detection methods, thereby comprehensively advancing the progress of hepatitis prevention and control efforts.

Objective:To compare postoperative inflammatory markers and surgical outcomes between open reduction and internal fixation versus double reverse traction closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation for tibial plateau fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the data of 229 patients with tibial plateau fracture who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2023 to December 2023. There were 155 males and 74 females with an age of (48.7±10.9) years. According to the surgical methods, the patients were divided into 2 groups. A conventional group of 87 cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation while a minimally invasive group of 142 cases treated with double reverse traction closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation. The 2 groups were compared in terms of hematological indexes [white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEUT), lymphocyte count (LYM), monocyte count (Mono), platelet count (PLT), and albumin (ALB)] and composite inflammatory indexes [neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI)] before operation and on the first day after operation, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, fracture healing time, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and incidence of thrombosis.Results:There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or treatment variables between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P > 0.05). All the 229 patients were followed up for (16.5±2.8) months. In each group, comparisons between preoperation and postoperation showed that LYM and ALB significantly decreased while WBC, NEUT, Mono, PLT, NLR, PLR, SII and SIRI significantly increased on the first day after operation ( P < 0.05). Preoperatively, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of hematological or composite inflammatory indexes ( P > 0.05). On the first day after operation, there was no significant difference in WBC, NEUT, LYM, ALB or NLR between the 2 groups ( P > 0.05), but Mono, PLT, PLR, SII and SIRI in the minimally invasive group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group ( P < 0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, fracture healing time, HSS knee score and incidence of thrombosis in the minimally invasive group were significantly better than those in the conventional group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of tibial plateau fractures, compared with conventional open reduction and internal fixation, double reverse traction closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation shows obvious advantages in reducing inflammatory indicators and leads to better surgical outcomes.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of lateral placement of the intramedullary nail guide pin versus that of median placement of the intramedullary nail guide pin in the closed reduction of metaphyseal fracture of the distal tibia.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 48 patients with metaphyseal fracture of the distal tibia who had been admitted to Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, The Second General Hospital of Fuzhou from May 2019 to July 2023. There were 37 males and 11 females, aged (46.0±12.4) years. According to the AO classification, 37 patients were classified as type A1, and 11 ones as type A2. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the distal positioning of the intramedullary nail guide pins during operation. In the lateral placement group of 26 patients, the distal positioning of the guide pins was located at 1/3 lateral to the articular surface of the distal tibia. In the median placement group of 22 patients, the distal positioning of the guide pins was located at the midpoint of the articular surface of the distal tibia. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, fracture healing time and fracture reduction were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. Moreover, the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, and range of motion of the affected ankle were compared between the 2 groups, as well as within the 2 groups. The complications were compared between the 2 groups at the last follow-up.Results:There were no significant differences in the demographic data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (19.6±4.4) months. The operation time [(81.7±17.3) min], intraoperative blood loss [(78.4±12.2) mL], hospital stay [(5.7±2.1) d] and fracture healing time [(4.3±1.1) months] in the lateral placement group were significantly less than those in the median placement group [(103.0±13.4) min, (111.4±11.7) ml, (8.6±3.5) d, and (6.1±1.3) months] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the VAS pain score between the 2 groups before operation or at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). At the last follow-up, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score [(93.6±1.6) points], ankle dorsiflexion (17.9°±1.6°) and plantar flexion (41.9°±1.9°) in the lateral placement group were significantly better than those in the median placement group [(87.8±3.2) points, 15.1°±1.2°, and 38.5°±2.7°] ( P<0.05). In both groups, significant improvements were achieved at the last follow-up in VAS pain score, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion compared with the preoperative period ( P<0.05). The incidence of fracture angulation deformity in the lateral placement group (11.5%, 3/26) was lower than that in the median placement group (31.8%, 7/22) ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the lateral placement group (3.8%, 1/26) and the central placement group (18.2%, 4/22) ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In the closed reduction of metaphyseal fracture of the distal tibia, compared with median placement of the intramedullary nail guide pin, lateral placement of the intramedullary nail guide pin assisted with a Kirschner wire demonstrates advantages of more rapid and effective closed reduction of the fracture, shortened operation time, reduced intraoperative blood loss and promoted postoperative rehabilitation.

Binge eating disorder(BED)is a common eating disorder whose pathogenesis involves both neurobiological and psychological mechanisms.At the neurobiological level,the development of BED is associated with abnormal resting-state brain functional connectivity in the reward circuitry,dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system,and elevated leptin levels.This paper reveals that the neurobiological mechanisms of BED may influence psychological processes,including habitual behavioral imbalances and impaired emotion regulation.Conversely,the dysfunction of behavior in the psychological domain may further modulate neurobiological manifestations.This finding provides insights for future research aimed at systematically integrating neural mechanisms into clinical interventions,ultimately facilitating treatment advancement and prognostic improvement.

Trichotillomania, also known as Hair Pulling Disorder, is a unique obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder characterized by repeated removal of hair from various parts of the body. Patients attempt to control this behavior but often fail, causing impairment to important functional areas such as social interaction, work, and academics. Trichotillomania typically begins in childhood or adolescence, and is often comorbid with anxiety and depression. The resulting physical damage and changes in appearance further exacerbate the social functional impairment of patients, resulting in most patients being diagnosed only in adulthood, and missing the optimal intervention period. Current pharmacological treatments for Trichotillomania are not satisfactory, while various psychological therapies have shown potential value and prospects. Therefore, this article focuses on Trichotillomania in children and adolescents, providing a comprehensive review from multiple aspects including disease diagnosis, clinical characteristics and typing, functional impairment, neuroimaging mechanisms, and the latest developments in psychological therapy, to provide references for the clinical diagnosis, assessment, and effective intervention of Trichotillomania.

Alexithymia refers to a deficiency of emotional structure, but the neurologic and psychological mechanisms of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents are still unclear. The neural basis of alexithymia may play a role in adolescents′ NSSI by affecting the function of emotion regulation and emotion expression. At the same time, NSSI is also considered to be a non-adaptive emotional regulation mode for alexithymia individuals, which interacts with personality factors and psychosocial factors. This study explored the neuropsychological mechanism of alexithymia in adolescent NSSI from the perspective of emotional function, and provided theoretical basis for early identification and precise intervention of alexithymia and adolescent NSSI.