With the emergence of deep learning techniques based on convolutional neural networks, artificial intelligence (AI) has driven transformative developments in the field of medical image analysis. Recently, large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have also started to achieve distinction in this domain. Increasing research shows the undeniable role of AI in reshaping various aspects of medical image analysis, including processes such as image enhancement, segmentation, detection in image preprocessing, and postprocessing related to medical diagnosis and prognosis in clinical settings. However, despite the significant progress in AI research, studies investigating the recent advances in AI technology in the aforementioned aspects, the changes in research hotspot trajectories, and the performance of studies in addressing key clinical challenges in this field are limited. This article provides an overview of recent advances in AI for medical image analysis and discusses the methodological profiles, advantages, disadvantages, and future trends of AI technologies.
Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Deep Learning ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods*

In the current process of talent cultivation in biology majors,some challenges like teaching content that lags behind the forefront of scientific research,instructional models that deviate from the principles of effective knowledge transmission,and evaluation systems that lack dimensions reflecting scientific innovation.As a strategy of tackling challenges,the Genetic Engineering teaching team,drawing on theoretical analysis and extensive teaching practice,has explored a reform of the instructional model from the perspective of integrating theory with practice.This effort led to the development of a research-oriented teaching model characterized by four iterative stages:knowledge instruction,thinking exercises,practical operation,and feedback evaluation.This model is ground-ed in five core elements of scientific thinking:criticality,coherence,simplicity,logic,and integrity.Imple-mentation follows the four-step framework,emphasizing structured knowledge delivery,cultivation of analytical thinking,hands-on experimentation,and comprehensive feedback.After one semester of application,it was found that through reconstructed knowledge systems,immersive simulations of research contexts,realistic problem-solving of technical bottlenecks and all-round feedback,this teaching model effectively fosters scientific thinking among both instructors and students,significantly enhances students'scientific research ca-pabilities and improves overall teaching effectiveness.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Naoxintong capsules' intervention in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by building a mouse cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model based on short-chain fatty acids. MethodC57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into the sham group， model group， Naoxintong group （158.9 mg∙kg^-1）， and Ginaton group （12.1 mg∙kg^-1） according to the random number table method. The model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion （MCAO/R） was prepared via the filament occlusion method. The effect of Naoxintong capsules on brain injury in MCAO/R mice was evaluated by the neuroethological score， cerebral infarction area determination， Nissl staining， and immunofluorescence staining. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Western blot were employed to evaluate the effect of Naoxintong capsules on the intestinal barrier in MCAO/R mice. The content of short-chain fatty acids in mouse feces was detected by LC-MS/MS. ResultCompared to the sham group， the model group exhibited significant increases in the cerebral infarction area， neuroethological score， and cell apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， with a notable decrease in the number of Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of Claudin-1 and Occludin were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the intervention of Naoxintong capsules significantly decreased the cerebral infarction area （P<0.05） and improved the neuroethological score （P<0.01） and cell apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， with the number of Nissl bodies （P<0.01） and expression levels of Claudin-1 and Occludin proteins （P<0.01） increased. LC-MS/MS results showed that compared to the sham group， the model group featured a significantly reduced content of acetic acid， propionic acid， and butyric acid in feces （P<0.01）， while valeric acid， isovaleric acid， and isobutyric acid levels were increased （P<0.01）. The intervention of Naoxintong capsules notably lowered the content of valeric acid， isovaleric acid， and isobutyric acid （P<0.01）. ConclusionNaoxintong capsules can improve brain and intestinal barrier damage and play a protective role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by regulating the content of short-chain fatty acids.

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for the safe use of drugs in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS Clinical data of elderly diabetic patients aged ≥65 years old and with ≥5 types of long-term medication who were admitted to two tertiary general hospitals in Hebei Province one day a month in 2022 were randomly selected. 2023 Beers criteria and 2023 STOPP criteria were used to analyze the potentially inappropriate medication （PIM） of the patients； multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PIM. RESULTS A total of 227 patients were included. According to the Beers criteria， 157 patients （69.16%） had PIM， and the drugs with the most frequent cases of PIM were proton pump inhibitors （PPIs）， sodium-glucose linked transporter-2 inhibitors and rivaroxaban. According to the STOPP criteria， 142 patients （62.56%） had PIM， and the main drugs involved were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and PPIs. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with age ≥80 years old， with ≥4 other types of chronic diseases， ≥10 types of long-term medication， ≥8 days of hospitalization， medication regimen complexity index scoring ≥20 points of medication regimen， and complication with hypertension， coronary heart disease， and cerebrovascular diseases were influential factors for PIM. CONCLUSIONS The detection rate of PIM is high in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus， and the Beers criteria are more sensitive to PIM than the STOPP criteria. Clinically， we should focus on patients who are elderly， have multiple chronic diseases at the same time， have a large number of long-term medications， have a long hospital stay， have complex medication regimens， and strengthen their rational drug management.

To summarize the clinical experience of Professor YAN Huimin in pattern identification and treatment for chest tightness variant asthma in children with the method of regulating qi movement. It is believed that children's chest tightness variant asthma is mainly located in lungs and involves liver and spleen， and the core mechanism of the disease is disturbance of qi movement. On the basis of regulating qi， syndrome differentiation and treatment is conducted： for pattern of lung qi deficiency and cold， phlegm-fluid retention， the treatment is appropriate to tonify the lung and benefit qi， and warm phlegm-fluid， which commonly used in modified Yupingfeng Powder （玉屏风散） and Xiaoqinglong Decoction （小青龙汤）； for pattern of phlegm and qi binding constraint， the treatment is appropriate to soothe the liver and resolve constraint， and dissolve phlegm and dissipate masses， which commonly used in modified Banxia Houpo Decoction （半夏厚朴汤） and Jinlingzi Powder （金铃子散）； for pattern of qi deficiency and blood stasis， the treatment is appropriate to tonify the deficiency to reinforce healthy qi， and move qi to invigorate blood， which commonly used in modified Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction （血府逐瘀汤）. It is emphasised that during the treatment process， the developmental dynamics of the disease should be grasped， patterns and treat should be identified， and special attention to the changes of qi movement should be paid.

Objective To investigate the effect of silencing alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1(α-TAT1)on migration behavior of endothelial cells induced by hepatopulmonary syndrome(HPS).Methods Online database Tabula Muris was used to analyze the expression of α-TAT1 in various cell subsets in the lungs.Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(Sham group,n=6)and common bile duct ligation group(HPS group,n=18).The rats in HPS group were euthanasized at 2 and 4 weeks after modelling,and then the expression of α-TAT1 in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells was detected by immunofluorescence colocalization.The sera from the Sham and HPS rats were used to stimulate human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)for 12 and 24 h,respectively.Then the obtained HUVECs were divided into 4 groups:Sham serum+siRNA NC group,Sham serum+siRNA α-TAT1 group,HPS serum+siRNA NC group,HPS serum+siRNA α-TAT1 group.The expression levels of α-TAT1 and Ace-α-tubulin in HUVECs were detected by Western blotting.Immunofluorescence assay was applied to observe the levels of polymerized microtubules of α-Tubulin in HUVECs after nocodazole(10 μmol/L)pretreatment to evaluate the stability of microtubule structure.Cell scratch assay combined with cell immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the nuclear localization of Golgi apparatus and cell migration ability of HUVECs.The angiogenesis ability of HUVECs was tested by in vitro angiogenesis test.Results In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the expression of α-TAT1 in endothelial cells was significantly increased after HPS inducement.The expression levels of α-TAT1 and Ace-α-tubulin were significantly down-regulated,and the stability of microtubules was weakened in the siRNA α-TAT1 interference group(P＜0.01).In addition,the distribution of GM 130 labeled Golgi apparatus in the protrusion of HUVECs was down-regulated in the siRNAα-TAT1 interference group,as well as the migration ability(P＜0.01).And the length of angiogenesis and network level were also significantly declined(P＜0.01).Conclusion Silencing α-TAT1 reduces the migrαtion and angiogenesis of endothelial cells in HPS,which was associated with weakened stabilization of microtubule.

Objective To construct the performance evaluation index system of public hospitals,and provide reference for promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the performance evaluation index system of public hospitals based on performance prism model.Results It established a public hospital performance evaluation system including 5 first-level indicators,16 second-level indicators and 40 third-level indicators of government,staff,patients,suppliers and regulatory agencies.The weights of the five first-level indicators are 0.254 8,0.476 8,0.154 4,0.073 4 and 0.040 6,respectively.Among the 16 second-level indicators,salary,quality and safety,practice environment,medical quality and operation efficiency rank the top 5.The combined weights were 0.268 5,0.174 3,0.165 4,0.080 9 and 0.060 6,respectively.Among the 40 tertiary indicators,the satisfaction of medical staff,the quality control index of single disease,organizational support,the intensity of antibacterial drug use and the case mortality of the low-risk group were investigated.The combined weights were 0.212 0,0.110 0,0.107 0,0.064 3 and 0.0624,respectively.Conclusion The performance evaluation index system of public hospitals based on the performance prism model established is helpful to guide hospitals to think about hospital strategic reform,process optimization and capacity improvement from the multi-dimensional perspective of internal and external stakeholders,so as to improve development performance and promote social harmonious development,and to improve performance,promote high-quality development.

Objective To construct the performance evaluation index system of public hospitals,and provide reference for promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the performance evaluation index system of public hospitals based on performance prism model.Results It established a public hospital performance evaluation system including 5 first-level indicators,16 second-level indicators and 40 third-level indicators of government,staff,patients,suppliers and regulatory agencies.The weights of the five first-level indicators are 0.254 8,0.476 8,0.154 4,0.073 4 and 0.040 6,respectively.Among the 16 second-level indicators,salary,quality and safety,practice environment,medical quality and operation efficiency rank the top 5.The combined weights were 0.268 5,0.174 3,0.165 4,0.080 9 and 0.060 6,respectively.Among the 40 tertiary indicators,the satisfaction of medical staff,the quality control index of single disease,organizational support,the intensity of antibacterial drug use and the case mortality of the low-risk group were investigated.The combined weights were 0.212 0,0.110 0,0.107 0,0.064 3 and 0.0624,respectively.Conclusion The performance evaluation index system of public hospitals based on the performance prism model established is helpful to guide hospitals to think about hospital strategic reform,process optimization and capacity improvement from the multi-dimensional perspective of internal and external stakeholders,so as to improve development performance and promote social harmonious development,and to improve performance,promote high-quality development.

Objective To construct the performance evaluation index system of public hospitals,and provide reference for promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the performance evaluation index system of public hospitals based on performance prism model.Results It established a public hospital performance evaluation system including 5 first-level indicators,16 second-level indicators and 40 third-level indicators of government,staff,patients,suppliers and regulatory agencies.The weights of the five first-level indicators are 0.254 8,0.476 8,0.154 4,0.073 4 and 0.040 6,respectively.Among the 16 second-level indicators,salary,quality and safety,practice environment,medical quality and operation efficiency rank the top 5.The combined weights were 0.268 5,0.174 3,0.165 4,0.080 9 and 0.060 6,respectively.Among the 40 tertiary indicators,the satisfaction of medical staff,the quality control index of single disease,organizational support,the intensity of antibacterial drug use and the case mortality of the low-risk group were investigated.The combined weights were 0.212 0,0.110 0,0.107 0,0.064 3 and 0.0624,respectively.Conclusion The performance evaluation index system of public hospitals based on the performance prism model established is helpful to guide hospitals to think about hospital strategic reform,process optimization and capacity improvement from the multi-dimensional perspective of internal and external stakeholders,so as to improve development performance and promote social harmonious development,and to improve performance,promote high-quality development.

Objective To construct the performance evaluation index system of public hospitals,and provide reference for promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process were used to determine the performance evaluation index system of public hospitals based on performance prism model.Results It established a public hospital performance evaluation system including 5 first-level indicators,16 second-level indicators and 40 third-level indicators of government,staff,patients,suppliers and regulatory agencies.The weights of the five first-level indicators are 0.254 8,0.476 8,0.154 4,0.073 4 and 0.040 6,respectively.Among the 16 second-level indicators,salary,quality and safety,practice environment,medical quality and operation efficiency rank the top 5.The combined weights were 0.268 5,0.174 3,0.165 4,0.080 9 and 0.060 6,respectively.Among the 40 tertiary indicators,the satisfaction of medical staff,the quality control index of single disease,organizational support,the intensity of antibacterial drug use and the case mortality of the low-risk group were investigated.The combined weights were 0.212 0,0.110 0,0.107 0,0.064 3 and 0.0624,respectively.Conclusion The performance evaluation index system of public hospitals based on the performance prism model established is helpful to guide hospitals to think about hospital strategic reform,process optimization and capacity improvement from the multi-dimensional perspective of internal and external stakeholders,so as to improve development performance and promote social harmonious development,and to improve performance,promote high-quality development.