Objective To compare the effects of different doses of budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation combined with montelukast sodium tablet in the treatment of cough variant asthma(CVA)and the improvement of airway function and inflammatory factors.Methods Elderly patients with cough variant asthma were randomly divided into group A and group B.Both groups of patients received budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation combined with montelukast sodium tablet.Group A was given budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation(Ⅱ),2 inhalation per time,twice a day;Group B was given budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation,4 inhalation per time,twice a day;budesonide fumatrol inhalation powder mist for continuous treatment for 6 months,and montelukast sodium tablet 10 mg once a day for at least 3 months.The nighttime cough scores of the two groups were compared before treatment and after treatment.The percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)in the predicted value,the maximum mid expiratory flow(MMEF),the fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO),interleukin-5(IL-5)and eosinophils were compared between the two groups.The incidence of adverse drug reactions and the recurrence rate within 1 year were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 45 cases were enrolled in both the group A and the group B.At 9 months after treatment,the nocturnal cough scores of the group A and the group B were(0.93±0.42)and(0.65±0.29)points,respectively;the percentage of FEV1 in the predicted value were(97.75±9.67)％and(100.93±11.06)％,respectively;the MMEF values were(2.81±1.04)and(3.08±1.09)L·s-1,respectively;the FeNO values were(18.94±9.75)and(15.94±7.96)ppb,respectively;the IL-5 levels were(10.88±7.06)and(8.11±5.56)pg·mL-1,respectively.The above indicators in group B showed statistically significant differences compared to group A(all P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in group A and group B were 8.89％(5 cases/45 cases)and 13.33％(6 cases/45 cases),respectively.The recurrence rates was 15.56％(7 cases/45 cases)and 13.33％(6 cases/45 cases),respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in the above indicators between group B and group A(all P＞0.05).Conclusion For elderly patients with CVA,higher dose of budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation combined with montelukast sodium tablet can better improve cough symptoms,reduce the level of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory factors,reduce the recurrence rate,and the patients are well tolerated.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between IUA occurrence and circRNA_0003031 by con-structing a mouse model of intrauterine adhesion(IUA).Methods:A mouse model of IUA was established by me-chanical curettage and lipopolysaccharide infection.The mice were divided into control group(NC group),IUA group,IUA+si-circRNA_0003031 group,and IUA+si-circRNA_0003031+miR-93-5p inhibitor group.The number of endometrial glands and the degree of fibrosis were determined using HE and Masson staining,respectively.Western blot test was used to detect the expression of ephthelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)marker proteins(vimentin,E-cadherin,N-cadherin),fibrosis-related molecules(collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),Transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),and receptors(TGF-β1R),Smad2,P-Smad2].Results:Compared with the IUA group,the number of endometrial glands increased,the degree of endometrial fibrosis de-creased in the IUA+si-circRNA_0003031 group(P＜0.05),and the protein expression of vimentin,N-cadherin,α-SMA,collagen Ⅲ,collagen Ⅰ,P-Smad2,Smad2,TGF-β1R,and TGF-β1 was down-regulated and E-cadherin was up-regulated(P＜0.05).Compared with the IUA+si-circRNA_0003031 group,in the IUA+si-circRNA_0003031+miR-93-5p inhibitor group,the number of endometrial glands was reduced and the degree of endometrial fibrosis was increased(P＜0.05),the protein expression of vimentin,N-cadherin,α-SMA,collagen Ⅲ,collagen Ⅰ,P-Smad2,Smad2,TGF-β1R,and TGF-β1 was up-regulated and E-cadherin was down-regulated,and the differences were statistically significant except for P-Smad 2(P＜0.05).Conclusions:CircRNA_0003031 may promote the oc-currence and development of IUA by inhibiting the expression of miR-93-5p and relieving its inhibitory effect on the TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling pathway.

Objective To compare the effects of different doses of budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation combined with montelukast sodium tablet in the treatment of cough variant asthma(CVA)and the improvement of airway function and inflammatory factors.Methods Elderly patients with cough variant asthma were randomly divided into group A and group B.Both groups of patients received budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation combined with montelukast sodium tablet.Group A was given budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation(Ⅱ),2 inhalation per time,twice a day;Group B was given budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation,4 inhalation per time,twice a day;budesonide fumatrol inhalation powder mist for continuous treatment for 6 months,and montelukast sodium tablet 10 mg once a day for at least 3 months.The nighttime cough scores of the two groups were compared before treatment and after treatment.The percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)in the predicted value,the maximum mid expiratory flow(MMEF),the fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO),interleukin-5(IL-5)and eosinophils were compared between the two groups.The incidence of adverse drug reactions and the recurrence rate within 1 year were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 45 cases were enrolled in both the group A and the group B.At 9 months after treatment,the nocturnal cough scores of the group A and the group B were(0.93±0.42)and(0.65±0.29)points,respectively;the percentage of FEV1 in the predicted value were(97.75±9.67)％and(100.93±11.06)％,respectively;the MMEF values were(2.81±1.04)and(3.08±1.09)L·s-1,respectively;the FeNO values were(18.94±9.75)and(15.94±7.96)ppb,respectively;the IL-5 levels were(10.88±7.06)and(8.11±5.56)pg·mL-1,respectively.The above indicators in group B showed statistically significant differences compared to group A(all P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in group A and group B were 8.89％(5 cases/45 cases)and 13.33％(6 cases/45 cases),respectively.The recurrence rates was 15.56％(7 cases/45 cases)and 13.33％(6 cases/45 cases),respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in the above indicators between group B and group A(all P＞0.05).Conclusion For elderly patients with CVA,higher dose of budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation combined with montelukast sodium tablet can better improve cough symptoms,reduce the level of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory factors,reduce the recurrence rate,and the patients are well tolerated.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between IUA occurrence and circRNA_0003031 by con-structing a mouse model of intrauterine adhesion(IUA).Methods:A mouse model of IUA was established by me-chanical curettage and lipopolysaccharide infection.The mice were divided into control group(NC group),IUA group,IUA+si-circRNA_0003031 group,and IUA+si-circRNA_0003031+miR-93-5p inhibitor group.The number of endometrial glands and the degree of fibrosis were determined using HE and Masson staining,respectively.Western blot test was used to detect the expression of ephthelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)marker proteins(vimentin,E-cadherin,N-cadherin),fibrosis-related molecules(collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),Transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),and receptors(TGF-β1R),Smad2,P-Smad2].Results:Compared with the IUA group,the number of endometrial glands increased,the degree of endometrial fibrosis de-creased in the IUA+si-circRNA_0003031 group(P＜0.05),and the protein expression of vimentin,N-cadherin,α-SMA,collagen Ⅲ,collagen Ⅰ,P-Smad2,Smad2,TGF-β1R,and TGF-β1 was down-regulated and E-cadherin was up-regulated(P＜0.05).Compared with the IUA+si-circRNA_0003031 group,in the IUA+si-circRNA_0003031+miR-93-5p inhibitor group,the number of endometrial glands was reduced and the degree of endometrial fibrosis was increased(P＜0.05),the protein expression of vimentin,N-cadherin,α-SMA,collagen Ⅲ,collagen Ⅰ,P-Smad2,Smad2,TGF-β1R,and TGF-β1 was up-regulated and E-cadherin was down-regulated,and the differences were statistically significant except for P-Smad 2(P＜0.05).Conclusions:CircRNA_0003031 may promote the oc-currence and development of IUA by inhibiting the expression of miR-93-5p and relieving its inhibitory effect on the TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling pathway.

Lentiviral vectors(LVs)are key gene delivery tools for integrating target genes into the host genome,but they may also pose risks of insertional mutagenesis.The vector copy number(VCN)in cells is critical for determining the safety of gene modification.However,the reliability and accuracy of its quantification process are influenced by multiple factors.Developing cell reference materials with specific vector copy numbers represents a viable approach to enhance the reliability and consistency of measurement results,enabling quality control of the quantification process and traceability of outcomes.However,the preparation of such reference materials faces challenges in cell sample design,preparation protocols,and advanced quantification techniques.In this study,T lymphocyte cell line Jurkat-based reference materials with LV gene copy numbers of 1 and 2 copy/cell were developed.A high-precision duplex digital polymerase chain reaction(dPCR)method was established to quantify the LV gene and endogenous genes simultaneously.Additionally,the results of dPCR were cross-validated through next-generation sequencing and flow cytometric analysis.Ultimately,confocal microscopy characterization results showed that the developed cell reference materials had intact morphology.The quantification result of VCN-1 was(1.07±0.11)copy/cell,and that of VCN-2 was(2.09±0.21)copy/cell.These cell reference materials demonstrated compliance with stability and homogeneity requirements,and could be applied for quality control throughout the VCN measurement workflow and metrological traceability,improving the accuracy,comparability,and validity of copy number measurements.

Objective To observe the effects of budesonide,glycopyrronium bromide and formoterol fumarate inhalation aerosol on lung function,inflammatory markers,and exercise tolerance in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients.Methods Stable COPD patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The treatment group inhaled budesonide,glycopyrronium bromide and formoterol fumarate inhalation aerosol,1 shovel per time,twice a day,once in the morning and once in the evening;respiratory function exercise for 15 minutes each time,bid.The control group was given budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation(Ⅱ),1 shovel each time,bid.The respiratory function exercise method was the same as that of the treatment group.Both groups of patients were treated continuously for 3 months.Compare the clinical efficacy of two groups of patients after treatment,and compare the lung function[forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),percentage of FEV1 to expected value(FEV,％),FEV1/forced vital capacity(FVC)],inflammatory indicators[interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10],immune function indicators[T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+CD4+,CD8+),CD4+/CD8+],exercise tolerance[6-minute walking distance(6MWD),peak oxygen uptake(VO2 peak),maximum metabolic equivalents(METs)],and safety evaluation.Results Fifty cases were enrolled in the treatment group,2 cases were dropped out,and ultimately 48 cases were included in the statistical analysis;50 cases were enrolled in the control group,2 cases were dropped out,and ultimately 48 cases were included in the statistical analysis.The total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 91.67％(44 cases/48 cases)and 75.00％(36 cases/48 cases),with significant difference(P＜0.05).After treatment,the FEV1 of the treatment group and the control group were(1.99±0.19)and(1.79±0.21)L,the FEV1％were(64.18±5.85)％and(59.81±5.02)％,the FEV1/FVC were 61.82±5.37 and 53.45±6.11,the IL-6 levels were(19.53±4.08)and(27.82±4.57)ng·L-1,the IL-10 levels were(22.49±3.71)and(17.69±3.05)ng·L-1,the CD3+levels were(67.11±5.09)％and(64.20±4.26)％,the CD4+levels were(38.76±2.89)％and(36.15±3.04)％,the CD8+levels were(27.28±2.35)％and(28.76±2.59)％,the CD4+/CD8+were 1.49±0.28and 1.30±0.22,the 6MWD were(421.07±31.46)and(391.89±30.44)m,the VO2peak were(20.22±1.47)and(17.66±1.41)mL·min-1·kg-1,the METs were 5.61±1.02 and 4.86±1.04,respectively,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The adverse drug reactions in the treatment group included palpitations and headache;the adverse drug reactions in the control group included palpitations,headache and hoarseness.The total incidences of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and the control group were 6.25％(3 cases/48 cases)and 6.25％(3 cases/48 cases),without statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Budesonide,glycopyrronium bromide and formoterol fumarate inhalation aerosol combined with respiratory function exercise has significant therapeutic effects and good safety in stable COPD patients.

AIM To study the Chemical constituents from Rhinacanthus nasutus(L.)Kurz and their in vitro antitumor and lipid-lowering activities.METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction from R.nasutus was isolated and purified by normal phase,reverse phase silica gel column and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The in vitro anti-tumor activity was determined by MTT assay,and the in vitro lipid-lowering activity was evaluated by oleic acid-induced HepG2 high-fat cell model.RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as rhinacanthin A(1),rhinacanthin B(2),rhinacanthin C(3),rhinacanthin D(4),rhinacanthin E(5),rhinacanthin M(6),rhinacanthin N(7),rhinacanthin Q(8),rhinacanthin T(9),rhinacanthone(10),β-sitosterol(11),gallic acid(12),vanillic acid(13),syringic acid(14),lapachol(15),umbelliferone(16),sambucunlin A(17),17α,21-dihydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,11,20-trione,21-acetate(18),1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(19),2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone(20).Compounds 3 and 7 inhibited the proliferation of HepG2,Hela,A549 and H22 tumor cells with IC50 values of(0.66±0.17)-(3.22±0.49)μmol/L in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.Compounds 3,7 and 9 had a lipid clearance rate of more than 50%in oleic acid-induced HepG2 high-fat cells.CONCLUSION Compounds 16-20 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 3 and 7 have good in vitro anti-tumor activities,and 3,7,9 have good in vitro lipid-lowering activities.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The imbalanced gut microbiota causes damage to the body and disrupts bile acids metabolism, increases susceptibility to CRC, and affects the signaling of farnesol X receptor (FXR), thereby promoting CRC progression. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of CRC due to its synergistic regulatory effects of multiple components, targets, and pathways. It can regulate gut microbiota, intervene in bile acids metabolism, and activate its receptor FXR to inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. Based on this, this article discusses the main role of the gut microbiota-bile acids-FXR axis in the development of CRC, and reviews the anti CRC effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine intervention on gut microbiota-bile acids-FXR axis, in order to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of CRC.

Objective To develop the assessment scale of proactive health behavior ability for the disabled elderly in nursing homes and to test its reliability and validity.Methods The first draft of the scale was formed by literature review,qualitative interviews and Delphi method.From December 2023 to March 2024,525 disabled elderly people from 9 nursing homes in Sichuan Province and Chongqing City were selected as the survey subjects,and item analysis and reliability and validity test were carried out on the scale.30 disabled elderly people were re-investigated after 2 weeks to calculate the retest reliability of the scale.Results The scale consisted of 4 dimensions and 27 items.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 common factors,with the cumulative vanance contribution rate of 65.992％,and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the modified model fitting index was within acceptable range.The content validity index at item level was 0.917-1.000,and that at scale level was 0.997.The Cronbach's α coefficient,test-retest reliability and split-half reliability of the total scale were 0.944,0.997 and 0.882,respectively.Conclusion The scale has good reliability and validity,and it can be used to evaluate the proactive health behavior ability of the disabled elderly in nursing homes.

Objective To observe the effects of budesonide,glycopyrronium bromide and formoterol fumarate inhalation aerosol on lung function,inflammatory markers,and exercise tolerance in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients.Methods Stable COPD patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The treatment group inhaled budesonide,glycopyrronium bromide and formoterol fumarate inhalation aerosol,1 shovel per time,twice a day,once in the morning and once in the evening;respiratory function exercise for 15 minutes each time,bid.The control group was given budesonide and formoterol fumarate powder for inhalation(Ⅱ),1 shovel each time,bid.The respiratory function exercise method was the same as that of the treatment group.Both groups of patients were treated continuously for 3 months.Compare the clinical efficacy of two groups of patients after treatment,and compare the lung function[forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),percentage of FEV1 to expected value(FEV,％),FEV1/forced vital capacity(FVC)],inflammatory indicators[interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10],immune function indicators[T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+CD4+,CD8+),CD4+/CD8+],exercise tolerance[6-minute walking distance(6MWD),peak oxygen uptake(VO2 peak),maximum metabolic equivalents(METs)],and safety evaluation.Results Fifty cases were enrolled in the treatment group,2 cases were dropped out,and ultimately 48 cases were included in the statistical analysis;50 cases were enrolled in the control group,2 cases were dropped out,and ultimately 48 cases were included in the statistical analysis.The total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 91.67％(44 cases/48 cases)and 75.00％(36 cases/48 cases),with significant difference(P＜0.05).After treatment,the FEV1 of the treatment group and the control group were(1.99±0.19)and(1.79±0.21)L,the FEV1％were(64.18±5.85)％and(59.81±5.02)％,the FEV1/FVC were 61.82±5.37 and 53.45±6.11,the IL-6 levels were(19.53±4.08)and(27.82±4.57)ng·L-1,the IL-10 levels were(22.49±3.71)and(17.69±3.05)ng·L-1,the CD3+levels were(67.11±5.09)％and(64.20±4.26)％,the CD4+levels were(38.76±2.89)％and(36.15±3.04)％,the CD8+levels were(27.28±2.35)％and(28.76±2.59)％,the CD4+/CD8+were 1.49±0.28and 1.30±0.22,the 6MWD were(421.07±31.46)and(391.89±30.44)m,the VO2peak were(20.22±1.47)and(17.66±1.41)mL·min-1·kg-1,the METs were 5.61±1.02 and 4.86±1.04,respectively,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The adverse drug reactions in the treatment group included palpitations and headache;the adverse drug reactions in the control group included palpitations,headache and hoarseness.The total incidences of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and the control group were 6.25％(3 cases/48 cases)and 6.25％(3 cases/48 cases),without statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Budesonide,glycopyrronium bromide and formoterol fumarate inhalation aerosol combined with respiratory function exercise has significant therapeutic effects and good safety in stable COPD patients.