BACKGROUND:The self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation of pluripotent stem cells possess the potential to revolutionize people's understanding of biology,medicine,development,and disease.Stem cells play an important role in the early stage of embryonic development,and the study of them could be beneficial to understanding of the basic principles of biological development and tissue or organ formation,exploring the potential mechanisms of various diseases,studying the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues or organs,and promoting drug discovery and personalized treatment. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of pluripotent stem cells,summarize and categorize the fundamental types of pluripotent stem cells,and elucidate the lineage situations of various types of pluripotent stem cells in common mammals. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang databases were searched systematically,with the keywords"pluripotent stem cells;embryonic stem cells;induced pluripotent stem cells;expanded potential stem cells;livestock pluripotent stem cells"in English and Chinese.The 99 articles related to mammalian pluripotent stem cells were systematically screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and then reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)According to classical theory in mouse embryonic stem cell research,the pluripotent state of stem cells is divided into two forms:na?ve and primed.Na?ve state corresponds to the inner cell mass of pre-implantation embryos before attachment to the uterine wall,while primed state corresponds to the epiblast after implantation.These two states exhibit significant differences in epigenetic features,transcriptional activity,external signal dependency,and metabolic phenotype.It is later discovered that there is an intermediate state between na?ve and primed called formative pluripotency.Therefore,the pluripotency of pluripotent stem cells is a continuous developmental process rather than a unique cell state.(2)In addition to obtaining pluripotent stem cells from the inner cell mass,there are various methods and lineages for acquiring pluripotent stem cells,including embryonic germ cells established using primitive germ cells from mouse embryos,induced pluripotent stem cells created by the dedifferentiation of adult mouse and human fibroblasts with four factors—Oct3/4,Sox2,c-Myc,and Klf4;embryonic stem cell-like cell lines cultured from somatic cell nuclear transfer,parthenogenesis,neonatal or adult testicular or ovarian tissue,very small embryonic-like stem cells derived from various adult tissues and expanded pluripotent stem cells derived from pre-implantation stages.These pluripotent stem cells all share the common characteristics of continuous self-renewal,expressing core pluripotency factors and possessing the ability to differentiate into the three primary germ layers.(3)Currently,pluripotent stem cells are being used for disease modeling to study the mechanisms of various diseases and develop new drugs.Simultaneously,scientists are attempting to use pluripotent stem cells to cultivate various tissues and organs,offering new possibilities for regenerative medicine and transplantation.However,the clinical application of pluripotent stem cells faces safety challenges,including issues of cell mutations and immune rejection.Continual improvement in the methods of generating pluripotent stem cells will make them safer and more efficient for clinical applications.(4)Based on the methods of obtaining and lineage establishment of pluripotent stem cells in mice and humans,various types of pluripotent stem cells have been established in livestock,including embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,germ lineages of pluripotent stem cells,and expanded potential stem cells.Research on livestock pluripotent stem cells opens up new avenues for animal reproduction,breeding,genetic engineering,disease modeling,drug screening,and the conservation of endangered wildlife.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the efficacy of DSA-guided intrathecal drug delivery system combined with Zi Wu Liu Zhu Acupoint Therapy for management of cancer pain and provide reference for its standardized clinical application. Methods and. RESULTS: Recommendations were formulated based on literature review and expert group discussion, and consensus was reached following expert consultation. The consensus recommendations are comprehensive, covering the entire treatment procedures from preoperative assessment and preparation, surgical operation process, postoperative management and traditional Chinese medicine treatment to individualized treatment planning. The study results showed that the treatment plans combining traditional Chinese with Western medicine effectively alleviated cancer pain, reduced the use of opioid drugs, and significantly improved the quality of life and enhanced immune function of the patients. Postoperative follow-up suggested good treatment tolerance among the patients without serious complications. CONCLUSIONS The formulated consensus is comprehensive and can provide reference for clinicians to use DSA-guided intrathecal drug delivery system combined with Zi Wu Liu Zhu Acupoint Therapy. The combined treatment has a high clinical value with a good safety profile for management of cancer pain.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Cancer Pain/therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Pain Management/methods* ; China

A pyrene-phenol-based fluorescent probe PyP which showed typical intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)and monomer-excimer activities was synthesized by using pyrene carboxaldehyde hydrazone and 4-tert-butyl-2,6-diformylphenol as the raw materials.The effects of solvents on PyP were studied,and the results showed that the color of protic polar solvents(Ethanol,N,N-dimethylformamide,methanol and H2O)were successfully identified.Based on the solvent polarity-regulated PyP monomer-excimer switching,the rapid and highly sensitive ratiometric probe,"Turn-off"and"Turn-on"multimodal probes were established for detection of trace water content in organic solvents(Dimethyl sulfoxide,N,N-dimethylformamide,ethanol and methanol),with detection limits(3σ/k)of 0.0021％,0.046％,0.062％and 0.024％.The method was successfully used to detect water content in dimethyl sulfoxide,N,N-dimethy lformamide,ethanol and methanol commercial organic solvents,with recoveries ranging from 97.2％to 108.0％.The developed method showed good accuracy and stability,and had good application prospect.

Objective To analyze the literature in the field of body fluid identification collected in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)database from 2000 to 2023,and explore the research sta-tus,hotspots and development trends in this field.Methods The CiteSpace software was utilized to conduct a visual analysis of the literature in the field of body fluid identification included in the WoSCC database from 2000 to 2023.Meanwhile,a bibliometric analysis of the annual publication vol-ume,journal distribution,national contribution,research institutions,author collaboration,and keywords of the literature was conducted.Results A total of 715 papers on forensic body fluid identification were included,and the annual publication volume showed a continuous and stable growth.Among the 55 countries(regions)that published papers,the United States ranked first with 174 papers,followed by China with 107 papers.In terms of journal distribution,Forensic Science International:Genetics had the largest number of papers,which accounted for 20%of the total papers.In terms of author collaboration,a total of 2 079 authors participated in body fluid identification research,and the author collaboration network showed a clearly clustered distribution.The keywords analysis revealed that re-search hotspots focused on traditional methods,specific RNA molecular markers,DNA methylation,spectroscopy,and the application of microbiomics.Conclusion Research in the field of forensic body fluid identification is thriving,and research institutions and teams should strengthen their collaboration.Establishing unified result interpretation standards and systems and exploring the multiple biomarkers combined application methods will be the research hotspots and important directions for future research in this field.

Objective To explore the efficacy of DSA-guided intrathecal drug delivery system combined with Zi Wu Liu Zhu Acupoint Therapy for management of cancer pain and provide reference for its standardized clinical application.Methods and Results Recommendations were formulated based on literature review and expert group discussion,and consensus was reached following expert consultation.The consensus recommendations are comprehensive,covering the entire treatment procedures from preoperative assessment and preparation,surgical operation process,postoperative management and traditional Chinese medicine treatment to individualized treatment planning.The study results showed that the treatment plans combining traditional Chinese with Western medicine effectively alleviated cancer pain,reduced the use of opioid drugs,and significantly improved the quality of life and enhanced immune function of the patients.Postoperative follow-up suggested good treatment tolerance among the patients without serious complications.Conclusion The formulated consensus is comprehensive and can provide reference for clinicians to use DSA-guided intrathecal drug delivery system combined with Zi Wu Liu Zhu Acupoint Therapy.The combined treatment has a high clinical value with a good safety profile for management of cancer pain.

Objective:To analyze the prevalence and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Chengde city.Methods:From August 2022 to June 2023, throat swabs and clinical data of 478 hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in the Chengde Central Hospital were collected. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the molecular epidemiology of RSV-A and RSV-B subtypes and analyze the clinical features of patients with RSV infection.Results:Among the hospitalized children, 67.57% (323/478) tested positive for RSV. The outbreak of RSV infection was caused by RSV-A subtype. The peaks of RSV-A infection occurred from November to December, 2022 and May to June, 2023. There were 86.07% (278/323) of the RSV-A-positive cases had mixed infection with other pathogens, primarily bacterial pathogens with Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most common, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Influenza virus A was the most common viral pathogens causing mixed infection. The level of lactate dehydrogenase was higher in the patients with single RSV-A infection than in those with mixed infection ( Z=2.396, P=0.017), and higher than the normal upper limit. Compared with the single infection group, the mixed infection group had higher white blood cell count ( Z=2.417, P=0.016), neutrophil ratio ( Z=3.218, P=0.001), C-reactive protein level ( Z=1.998, P=0.046) and creatinine level ( Z=2.107, P=0.035), and lower lymphocyte ratio ( Z=3.205, P=0.001), but they were all within the normal range. There were no significant differences in the clinical features between RSV-A-positive patients co-infected with bacteria or other viruses (all P>0.05). Conclusions:RSV-A is the leading cause of respiratory tract infection in children in Chengde from 2022 to 2023, and often co-detected with bacteria. The mixed infection with other respiratory pathogens is related to the clinical features of patients with RSV-A infection.

Objective To investigate the main dietary patterns of children in urban areas of Maanshan City, and to explore the association between dietary patterns and subthreshold autism trait (SAT), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and comorbid behaviors in 3-year-old children. Methods Based on the birth cohort of Maanshan Maternal and Infant Health from June 2015 to June 2016，regular physical examinations were conducted from 4 to 2 to 1, and follow-up was conducted until the age of 3. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was employed to assess dietary intakes. SAT and ADHD symptoms were assessed by Clancy autism behavior scale (CABS) and the 10-item Chinese version of the Conners Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire (C-ASQ). Social-demographic information was also collected. Results The detection rates of SAT, ADHD symptoms, and comorbidity were 11.03%, 5.28%, and 2.71%, respectively. The older the father, the higher the mother's education level, and the higher the per capita monthly income of the family, the lower the SAT detection rate (P<0.05). The higher the father's educational level, the lower the detection rate of ADHD symptoms (P<0.05). The older the mother and the higher the education level, the lower the detection rate of comorbid behavior in their children (P <0.05). After adjusting for demographic influencing factors, the low intake level was used as a reference. The vegetarian type with moderate intake level was negatively correlated with SAT, while the processed food type with high intake level was positively correlated with SAT. The vegetarian type with high intake level was negatively correlated with ADHD symptoms, while the snack type with high intake level was positively correlated with ADHD symptoms. The vegetarian type with high intake level was negatively correlated with comorbidity. Conclusion Unhealthy dietary patterns are related to children's SAT and ADHD symptoms. Correcting children's unhealthy eating patterns may help reduce children's behavior problems.

Quercetin can mediate the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways to prevent osteoporosis(OP).This paper comprehensively discusses the interrelationship between MAPK and osteoporosis-related cells based on the latest domestic and international research.Additionally,it elucidates the research progress of quercetin in mediating the MAPK signaling pathway for OP prevention.The aim is to provide an effective foundation for the clinical prevention and treatment of OP and the in-depth development of quercetin.

Objective To develop a prediction tool for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ER-CP)early biliary tract infection(PEEBI)in patients with choledocholithiasis,and assist clinical decision-making be-fore ERCP and early personalized intervention after ERCP.Methods An observational bidirectional cohort study was adopted to select inpatients with choledocholithiasis who underwent ERCP in a hospital.Directed acyclic graph(DAGs)and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)were used to predict PEEBI based on lo-gistic regression,and the models were compared and validated internally and externally.Results From January 1,2020 to September 30,2023,a total of 2 121 patients with choledocholithiasis underwent ERCP were enrolled,of whom 77(3.6％)developed PEEBI,mostly in the first 2 days after surgery(66.2％).The major influencing fac-tors for PEEBI were non-iatrogenic patient-related factors,namely diabetes mellitus(OR=2.43,95％CI:1.14-4.85),bile duct malignancy(OR=3.95,95％CI:1.74-8.31)and duodenal papillary diverticulum(OR=4.39,95％CI:1.86-9.52).Compared with the LASSO model,the DAGs model showed higher ability(3.0％)in com-prehensive discrimination(P=0.007),as well as good differentiation performance(D=0.133,P=0.894)and cal-ibration performance(x2=5.499,P=0.703)in external validation.Conclusion The DAGs model constructed in this study has good predictive performance.With the help of this tool,targeted early preventive measures in clinical practice can be taken to reduce the occurrence of PEEBI.