Objective To summarize and statistically analyze the automatic monitoring data of environmental gamma dose rates in Beijing, 2020-2024, identify the main influencing factors of the monitoring data, and inform management decisions and public services. Methods A statistical analysis was performed using data collected from national automatic radiation environment monitoring stations. Results For five environmental monitoring stations, the annual mean gamma dose rates from 2020 to 2024 ranged from 60.9 to 90.3 nGy/h. The overall annual mean was 71.4 nGy/h, with a standard deviation of 11.3 nGy/h. All values were within the range of statistical fluctuations of the local natural background radiation. The gamma dose rates of monitoring stations followed the order of E > A > D > B > C. Conclusion The gamma radiation levels at all monitoring stations were stable, and the monitoring results were closely related to their surrounding environments.

OBJECTIVE: In Pakistan, traditional medicines are an important component of the medical system, with numerous varieties and great demands. However, due to the scattered resources and the lack of systematic collection and collation, adulteration of traditional Pakistani medicine (TPM) is common, which severely affects the safety of their medicinal use and the import and export trades. Therefore, it is urgent to systematically organize and unify the management of TPM and establish a set of standards and operable methods for the identification of TPM. METHODS: We collected and organized the information on 128 TPMs with regard to their medicinal parts, efficacy, usage, and genetic material, based on Pakistan Hamdard Pharmacopoeia of Eastern Medicine: Pharmaceutical Codex. The genetic information of TPM is summarized from national center for biotechnology information (NCBI) and global pharmacopoeia genome database (GPGD). Furthermore, we utilized bioinformatics technology to supplement the chloroplast genome (cp-genome) data of 12 TPMs. To build the web server, we used the Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP (LAMP) system and constructed the webpage on a PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) model view controller (MVC) framework. RESULTS: We constructed a new genomic database, the traditional Pakistani medicine genomic database (TPMGD). This database comprises five entries, namely homepage, medicinal species, species identification, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), and download. Currently, TPMGD contains basic profiles of 128 TPMs and genetic information of 102 TPMs, including 140 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences and 119 mitochondrial genome sequences from Bombyx mori, 1 396 internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences and 1 074 intergenic region (psbA-trnH) sequences specific to 92 and 83 plant species, respectively. Additionally, TPMGD includes 199 cp-genome sequences of 82 TPMs. CONCLUSION TPMGD is a multifunctional database that integrates species description, functional information inquiry, genetic information storage, molecular identification of TPM, etc. The database not only provides convenience for TPM information queries but also establishes the scientific basis for the medication safety, species identification, and resource protection of TPM.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 12(SNHG12)on neuronal damage induced by oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)by targeting microRNA(miR)-140-3p.Methods Human cortical neurons(HCN)were used to establish an OGD/R model,which was separated into OGD/R group,negative control(NC)group,SNHG12 group,SNHG12+miR-NC group,and SNHG12+miR-140-3p mimics group.Normal cultured HCN were also taken as the control(Ctrl)group.There were 6 repetitions in each group.Cell proliferation,apoptosis,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity,mitochondrial membrane potential,lncRNA SNHG12 and miR-140-3p expression levels,and the interaction of lncRNA SNHG12 and miR-140-3p were detected.Results Compared with the control group,the survival rate of HCN,mitochondrial membrane potential,and lncRNA SNHG12 expression were lower in the OGD/R group,while the LDH activity,apoptosis rate,and miR-140-3p expression were higher(P＜0.05).Compared with the OGD/R group and NC group,the survival rate of HCN,mitochondrial membrane potential,and lncRNA SNHG12 expression were higher in the SNHG12 group,while the LDH activity,apoptosis rate,and miR-140-3p expression were lower(P＜0.05).Compared with the SNHG12+miR-NC group,the survival rate of HCN,mitochondrial membrane potential,and lncRNA SNHG12 expression were lower in the SNHG12+miR-140-3p mimics group,while the LDH activity,apoptosis rate,and miR-140-3p expression were higher(P＜0.05).Dual luciferase activity showed a targeted relationship between lncRNA SNHG12 and miR-140-3p(P＜0.05).Conclusion LncRNA SNHG12 may exert a protective effect against OGD/R-induced neuronal damage by inhibiting miR-140-3p.

In recent years, cancer treatment methods and means are becoming more and more diversified, and single treatment methods often have limited efficacy, while the synergistic effect of immunity combined with chemotherapy can inhibit tumor growth more effectively. Based on this, we constructed a sodium alginate hydrogel composite system loaded with chemotherapeutic agents and tumor vaccines (named SA-DOX-NA) with a view to the combined use of chemotherapeutic agents and tumor vaccines. Firstly, the tumor vaccine (named NA) degradable under acidic conditions was constructed by in situ polymerization using chicken ovalbumin (OVA), acrylamide (AAM) and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomer. Then a hydrogel composite system SA-DOX-NA co-loaded with chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) and NA was prepared using sodium alginate as a matrix. The results showed that SA-DOX-NA had good in situ gel-forming ability and formed a mesh structure that could realize the co-loading of DOX and NA as well as the slow drug release. The electron microscopy results showed that SA-DOX-NA had good in situ gel-forming ability with good internal connectivity, and the three-dimensional mesh structure could realize the co-loading of DOX and NA as well as the slow drug release. The antitumor and immunomodulatory results showed that SA-DOX-NA both effectively inhibited the growth of tumor cells and efficiently promoted the proliferation and activation of DC2.4 dendritic cells without additional adjuvant. In summary, SA-DOX-NA exerts the dual efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for tumor treatment, and has a good application prospect in local tumor treatment.

Objective To explore the effects of Rhodiola salidroside on regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway and explore its impact on hippocampal neuron autophagy and apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R).Methods The mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 was cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group,OGD/R group,salidroside group,tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ)group,and salidroside+TBHQgroup.Except for control group,cell models were established by OGD/R induction in other groups.Cells in corresponding groups were treated with Rhodiola salidroside(500 μmol/L)and/or MAPK activator TBHQ(50 μmol/L)for 24 h.The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release rates were measured,cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay.Acridine orange(AO)staining was used to detect autophagy.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukins(IL)-6,IL-8,and IL-17,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of proteins related to apoptosis,autophagy,and the MAPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway.Results Salidroside(500 μmol/L)significantly enhanced the viability of OGD/R-induced HT22 cells(P＜0.05),without obvious effect on the viability of normally cultured HT22 cells(P＞0.05).Compared with control group,OGD/R group showed significantly increased LDH release rates,apoptosis rates,autophagosome formation rates,levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-17 and TNF-α,expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),Cleaved Caspase-3,Caspase-3 and Beclin-1 protein,ratios of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,phosphorylation(p)-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK,and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2(P＜0.05),while cell viability and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with OGD/R group,salidroside group had significantly reduced LDH release rates,apoptosis rates,autophagosome formation rates,levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-17,and TNF-α,expressions of Bax,Cleaved Caspase-3,Caspase-3,Beclin-1 protein,and ratios of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio,p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK,and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2(P＜0.05),while cell viability and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The change of indicators in TBHQgroup showed an opposite trend to those in salidroside(P＜0.05).Compared with salidroside group,salidroside+TBHQgroup had significantly increased LDH release rates,apoptosis rates,autophagosome formation rates,levels of IL-6,IL-8,IL-17 and TNF-α,expressions of Bax,Cleaved Caspase-3,Caspase-3,Beclin-1 protein,and ratios of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK,and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2(P＜0.05),while cell viability and p-mTOR/mTOR ratio were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Salidroside may inhibit OGD/R-induced hippocampal neuron autophagy and apoptosis by blocking the activation and transmission of MAPK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Interleukin-35(IL-35)is an important immunosuppressive cytokine that has been shown to play a role in the immune response of various diseases.In this study,we cloned the coding sequence of human IL-35 gene,constructed single subunit expression vectors pXC17.4-p35 and pcDNA3.1(+)-EBI3,and co-transfected CHO-K1 cells to express IL-35 in vitro.No binding was found between subunits of p35 and EBI3.Knobs-into-Holes(KIH)can solve the problem of heavy chain mismatch of heterolo-gous antibodies.Therefore,expression vectors pXC17.4-p35-Fch and pcDNA3.1(+)-EBI3-Fck were constructed by fusing KIH structures on the basis of the original sequences to express the recombinant fu-sion protein of KIH-IL-35.The expression vectors of two subunits were exchanged at the same time to verify the influence of different vectors on the expression level of KIH-IL-35.The analysis of various pro-tein detection methods showed that the correct expression rate of KIH-IL-35 structure was significantly im-proved.Affinity purification of KIH-IL-35 was performed after large amount of expression,and the bind-ing activity of KIH-IL-35 to glycoprotein 130(gp130)was detected by ELISA.The results showed that the binding of KIH-IL-35 to gp130 was concentration dependent.The indirect activity of KIH-IL-35 and M1 cells was detected by cell activity assay.Further results showed that the inhibition rate of M1 cells in-creased in a dose-dependent manner with the concentration of KIH-IL-35.In addition,a method for de-termining IL-35 activity by activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was successfully estab-lished.Activated PBMCs increased in a dose-dependent manner with KIH-IL-35 concentration.In sum-mary,this study utilized the KIH-IL-35 model to enhance the expression of recombinant human IL-35 and validated its high activity in vitro,providing new ideas for the study of IL-35 and the recombinant expres-sion of similar heterodimeric cytokines.

AIM To investigate the effects of stir-frying,processing with butter and carbonizing by stir-frying on oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.METHODS The volatile oils and fatty oils were extracted by steam distillation method and Soxhlet extraction method,respectively,after which the extraction rates were determined.GC-MS was applied to analyzing the kinds and relative contents of oil components,after which cluster analysis was performed.RESULTS After the processing,the two medicinal materials demonstrated increased extraction rates of fatty oils and decreased extraction rates of volatile oils(except for processing with butter),the extraction rates of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus were higher than those in Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis,and the reduced relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components were observable.CONCLUSION The kinds and relative contents of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis exist obvious differences,the former displays better medicinal quality,whose processing mechanism in alleviating dryness and strength may contribute to the reduction of relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components.

Objective To explore the clinical features,treatment and prognosis of glioblastomas(GBM)in adults.Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed on 176 adult GBM patients admitted to our department from January 2015 to December 2021.Chi-square test was used to investigate the clinical differences between isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)mutant and wild-type GBM.Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank tests were employed to plot survival curve and compute the survival analysis.Multivariate Cox regression model was applied to identify the independent prognostic factors.Results IDH wild-type GBM account for 89.2％and had significantly differences from the IDH-mutant GBM in terms of age of onset,Karnofsky(KPS)score at admission,symptoms of neurological deficit,and methylation status of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase(MGMT)promoter(P＜0.05).For the IDH wild-type GBM patients receiving conventional therapy,univariate Cox hazard analysis showed gross total resection,methylation of MGMT promoter,initiation of radiation within the 5th to 6th week after surgery,and adjuvant temozolomide(TMZ)chemotherapy ≥6 cycles were favorable prognostic factors for overall survival(OS);GBMs in the left hemisphere,involvement of single lobe,methylation of MGMT promoter,and initiation of radiation within the 5th to 6th week after surgery were favorable prognostic factors for progression free survival(PFS)(all P＜0.05).Moreover,multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis indicated that methylation of MGMT promoter,and initiation of radiation within the 5th to 6th week after surgery,and adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy ≥6 cycles were independent protective factors for OS,and GBMs in the left hemisphere,involvement of single lobe and methylation of MGMT promoter were independent protective factors for PFS in the GBM patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The clinical and prognostic features are totally different between IDH mutant and wild-type GBM,and molecular detections are needed for the further pathological classification.Methylation of MGMT promoter is a primary marker of favorite prognosis for IDH wild-type GBM,and slightly delay in radiotherapy(the 5th to 6th week after surgery)can effectively improve the survival prognosis of IDH wild-type GBM.