Objective To examine the time window effect of high-load exerciseon skeletal muscle in-flammation genes,and identify the key genes and signaling pathways involved in this process.Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control group(group C,n=8)and an ex-ercise group(group E,n=40).Gastrocnemius muscles were collected immediately(group E0),12h(group E12),24h(group E24),48h(group E48),and 72 h(group E72)after exercise for transcrip-tome sequencing.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified,and enrichment analysis was carried out using the Gene Ontology(GO)and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)annotations.Meanwhile,inflammation-related genes were obtained from databases,and differ-entially expressed inflammation-related genes(DEIRGs)were done through identifying their intersec-tion with DEGs.Moreover,the Mfuzz algorithm was used for time series clustering to obtain subsets with similar characteristics.GO and KEGG analyses,along with protein interaction network analysis,were performed to obtain key DEIRGs,followed by secondary functional enrichment to analyze changes in expression of key genes over time and identify key signaling pathways.Results Seven DEIRG clus-ters were obtained through Mfuzz time series clustering of skeletal muscle inflammation genes after high-load exercise.Overall,the expression of DEGs in cluster 5 was downregulated,while that in cluster 7 was upregulated.The expression of DEGs in clusters 3 and 4 was upregulated at E0 and rap-idly downregulated at E12.In contrast,the expression of DEGs in cluster 2 and 6 were downregulated at E0 and rapidly upregulated at E12.The expression of DEGs in cluster 1 was upregulated at E0,rapidly downregulated at E12,and remained upregulated at E24.Screening identified TP53,STAT3,CD44,AKT1,KDR,GJA1,CYCS,HIF1A,IQGAP3,FASN,and TFRC as key DEIRGswhich were enriched in apoptosis,HIF-1,apoptosis,ferroptosis,MAPK,VEGF,PI3K-Akt,insulin resistance,FoxO,AMPK and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.Conclusion Inflammation-related genes exhibit temporal dynamic changes in exercise-induced muscle damage and show significant time window effects at 12 h after exercise.The key targets STAT3,AKT1 and HIF-1A react to exercise-induced muscle damage through the JAK-STAT,PI3K-Akt,HIF-1 and VEGF signaling pathways,and promote tissue repair.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of ac-tion of Qingre Zhixue granules in the treatment of IgA vasculitic nephritis(IgAVN)based on network phar-macology and animal experiments.Methods The ac-tive ingredients and targets of Qingre Zhixue granules were screened out by TCMSP database.The disease targets of IgAVN were retrieved by Disgenet,Gene-cards OMIM and TTD databases.The intersection tar-gets were obtained by WeChat online database,and the information was imported into Cytoscope 3.7.1 soft-ware and STRING analysis platform to construct a drug-active component-therapeutic target network.Based on the core targets,GO and KEGG pathway enrichment a-nalysis was performed through the Metascape database to select key targets and core active components.The results of network pharmacology were verified by ani-mal experiments.The animal model of IgAVN was con-structed by the combination of disease and syndrome.The urine red blood cells and 24-hour urine protein of IgAVN model rats after intervention of Qingre Zhixue granules were detected.HE staining and IgA immuno-fluorescence deposition of renal tissue were observed.Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the ex-pression of core targets in renal tissue.Results Net-work pharmacology showed that 109 active ingredients,402 drug targets,1 285 disease targets and 113 inter-section targets were obtained.The core targets screened by protein interaction and network topology a-nalysis were IL6,TNF,VEGFA,etc.The core drug ingredients were quercetin,paeoniflorin,luteolin,kaempferol and baicalein.A total of 2 545 gene func-tions were enriched by GO,and 164 gene pathways were enriched by KEGG.Qingre Zhixue granules could treat IgAVN by regulating TNF signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,Toll receptor signaling path-way,NF-κB signaling pathway and apoptosis.Animal experiments showed that compared with the blank group,the urine red blood cells and 24-hour urine pro-tein quantification in the model group increased(P＜0.05);the expression of serum IL-6,TNF-α and VEGF-α increased(P＜0.05).HE staining showed glomerular mesangial proliferation,capillary lumen ste-nosis,accompanied by a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration,glomerular IgA immunofluorescence deposition;the expression of TNF-α,p-p65,p-p38 protein and TNF-α mRNA in renal tissue increased(P＜0.05).After the intervention of Qingre Zhixue gran-ules,urine red blood cells and 24-hour urine protein decreased(P＜0.05).The changes of renal HE stai-ning were improved and glomerular IgA deposition was reduced.TNF-α,p-p65,p-p38 protein and TNF-αmRNA in renal tissue decreased(P＜0.05).Conclu-sions The active ingredients such as quercetin,peony glycoside and luteolin Qingre Zhixue granules regulate TNF signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway and reduce IL-6,TNF-α and VEGF-α in the treatment of IgAVN.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the differences between the sampling methods of peristaltic pump+membrane filtration and rinsing for monitoring the cleaning and disinfection effectiveness of flexible endoscopes,and to pro-vide a reference for selecting an efficient sampling method for monitoring the cleaning and disinfection effectiveness of flexible endoscopes.METHODS A total of 305 cases of monitoring data on the cleaning and disinfection of flexi-ble endoscopes from People's Hospital of Rizhao in Shandong Province from Jan.2021 to Dec.2024 were selected.The results of 93 cases sampled by rinsing from Jan.2021 to Dec.2022 were compared with those of 212 cases sampled by peristaltic pump+membrane filtration from Jan.2023 to Dec.2024.The monitoring capabilities of different sampling methods for flexible endoscopes after cleaning and disinfection were evaluated,and the con-sumable costs of different sampling methods were also calculated.RESULTS The detection rate of pathogenic bac-teria after biological monitoring of the peristaltic pump+membrane filtration sampling method was 25.94％(55/212),which was higher than that of the rinsing sampling method(8.60％,8/93)(P＜0.05).There was no sta-tistically significant difference in the sampling qualification rate between the two methods(P=0.075).There was no statistically significant difference in the qualification rate between manual and mechanical cleaning and dis-infection methods under the same sampling method.However,there was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria between manual cleaning and disinfection(36.21％)and mechanical cleaning and disinfection(22.08％)under the peristaltic pump+membrane filtration sampling method(P=0.036).The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria of the peristaltic pump+membrane filtration sampling method was higher than that of the rinsing sampling method for both cleaning and disinfection methods(P＜0.05).The consumable cost per endoscope of the peristaltic pump+membrane filtration sampling method was(84.90±2.91)yuan,which was higher than that of the rinsing sampling method(32.24±4.73)yuan(P＜0.001).CONCLUSION Al-though the peristaltic pump+membrane filtration sampling method has higher consumable costs,it can effec-tively improve the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria and enhance the sensitivity of biological monitoring of cleaning and disinfection.

Objectives:To preliminarily investigate the safety and efficacy of same-day discharge(SDD)following radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythmia.Methods:A total of 50 consecutive patients who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythmia in the SDD strategy at Fuwai Hospital from 8 July 2024 to 18 September 2024 were included in this analysis.The study evaluated the immediate success rate of the ablation,the rate of all-cause and arrhythmia-related readmission,outpatient or emergency visits and incidence of complications within 30 days post ablation,and recurrence rate of arrhythmias over a 3-month follow-up period.Results:The average age of the 50 patients was(47.2±16.1)years old,32 patients(64.0%)were male.Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed in 47 patients(94.0%),including 18(36.0%)atrial fibrillation(AF)ablation.Three patients(6.0%)underwent electrophysiological study only.The immediate success rate for ablation patients was 100%(47/47).None of the patients developed vascular puncture-related or ablation-related complications.The average hospital stay and postoperative observation time were(6.84±1.13)hours and(3.40±1.12)hours,respectively.The all-cause and arrhythmia-related readmission,outpatient or emergency visits rates within 30 days were 12.0%(6/50)and 2.0%(1/50),respectively.Two patients(4.0%)post ablation experienced AF recurrence during the 3-months follow-up period.Conclusions:Radiofrequency catheter ablation for arrhythmias in SDD strategy is safe,effective,and feasible.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of ac-tion of Qingre Zhixue granules in the treatment of IgA vasculitic nephritis(IgAVN)based on network phar-macology and animal experiments.Methods The ac-tive ingredients and targets of Qingre Zhixue granules were screened out by TCMSP database.The disease targets of IgAVN were retrieved by Disgenet,Gene-cards OMIM and TTD databases.The intersection tar-gets were obtained by WeChat online database,and the information was imported into Cytoscope 3.7.1 soft-ware and STRING analysis platform to construct a drug-active component-therapeutic target network.Based on the core targets,GO and KEGG pathway enrichment a-nalysis was performed through the Metascape database to select key targets and core active components.The results of network pharmacology were verified by ani-mal experiments.The animal model of IgAVN was con-structed by the combination of disease and syndrome.The urine red blood cells and 24-hour urine protein of IgAVN model rats after intervention of Qingre Zhixue granules were detected.HE staining and IgA immuno-fluorescence deposition of renal tissue were observed.Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the ex-pression of core targets in renal tissue.Results Net-work pharmacology showed that 109 active ingredients,402 drug targets,1 285 disease targets and 113 inter-section targets were obtained.The core targets screened by protein interaction and network topology a-nalysis were IL6,TNF,VEGFA,etc.The core drug ingredients were quercetin,paeoniflorin,luteolin,kaempferol and baicalein.A total of 2 545 gene func-tions were enriched by GO,and 164 gene pathways were enriched by KEGG.Qingre Zhixue granules could treat IgAVN by regulating TNF signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,Toll receptor signaling path-way,NF-κB signaling pathway and apoptosis.Animal experiments showed that compared with the blank group,the urine red blood cells and 24-hour urine pro-tein quantification in the model group increased(P＜0.05);the expression of serum IL-6,TNF-α and VEGF-α increased(P＜0.05).HE staining showed glomerular mesangial proliferation,capillary lumen ste-nosis,accompanied by a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration,glomerular IgA immunofluorescence deposition;the expression of TNF-α,p-p65,p-p38 protein and TNF-α mRNA in renal tissue increased(P＜0.05).After the intervention of Qingre Zhixue gran-ules,urine red blood cells and 24-hour urine protein decreased(P＜0.05).The changes of renal HE stai-ning were improved and glomerular IgA deposition was reduced.TNF-α,p-p65,p-p38 protein and TNF-αmRNA in renal tissue decreased(P＜0.05).Conclu-sions The active ingredients such as quercetin,peony glycoside and luteolin Qingre Zhixue granules regulate TNF signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway and reduce IL-6,TNF-α and VEGF-α in the treatment of IgAVN.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism through which aerobic exercise improves inflammatory senes-cence in SAMP8 mice via Janus kinase 3(JAK3)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5α(STAT5α)signaling pathway and to provide novel insights for anti-inflammatory aging interventions.METHODS:Sixteen 28-week-old SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into model(Mod)group and exercise(Exe)group,with 8 mice in each group.Addi-tionally,8 senile SAMR1 mice served as control(Con)group.The mice in Exe group underwent an 8-week aerobic training regimen on a treadmill.We monitored the changes in hair quality and body weight,immune organ indexes,histomorpho-logical alterations in immune organs,the expression levels of spleen aging marker P16,and the serum and spleen levels of inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)]and aging indicator IL-2.Moreover,we examined the alterations in the mRNA and protein expression of IL-2,JAK3 and STAT5α in the spleen.RESULTS:(1)Compared with Con group,the mice in Mod group exhibited decreased hair luster and volume,with some instances of alopecia areata,increased body weight,markedly reduced spleen and thymus indexes,evident atrophy and senescence of immune organs,and markedly decreased concentration of IL-2 in the serum and spleen.The expression of P16 in the spleen,and the serum and spleen levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly increased.The mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor subunit gamma(IL-2RG)in the spleen was markedly decreased,whereas that of JAK3 and STAT5α was markedly increased.Furthermore,the protein expression of IL-2 in the spleen was markedly de-creased,whereas that of STAT5α and JAK3 was markedly increased.(2)Compared with Mod group,the mice in Exe group showed relatively vigorous hair growth and better hair luster,lower body weight,markedly increased spleen and thy-mus indexes,and delayed immune organ aging.The concentration of IL-2 in the serum and spleen was markedly in-creased,while the expression of P16 in the spleen was markedly decreased.The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum and spleen were markedly decreased.The mRNA expression of IL-2 and IL-2RG in the spleen was markedly increased,whereas that of JAK3 and STAT5α was markedly decreased.The protein levels of IL-2 were markedly increased,whereas those of STAT5α and JAK3 were markedly decreased.CONCLUSION:Aerobic exercise can delay inflammatory aging in mice possibly through the JAK3-STAT5α signaling pathway.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC)of the cervix is a rare and highly aggressive subtype of cervical cancer,accounting for less than 1%of all cervical cancer cases.ACC predominantly affects postmenopausal women over the age of 60,with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding being the most common symptom.Diagnosis of ACC primarily relies on histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis.Although there is currently no standard treatment protocol,surgical resection combined with radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy is considered to be an effective approach.However,the effectiveness is limited,particularly in advanced cases,which generally have a poor prognosis.The treatment and prognosis of ACC are closely related to tumor staging,perineural invasion,and margin status.This paper discusses the clinical data and follow-up of six ACC patients treated at our institution,and goes through a literature review,examines its clinical features and treatment outcomes,underscores the critical importance of early diagnosis and individualized treatment.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

Objective Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a common complication of radiotherapy for the head and neck tumors, and the current treatment methods are limited. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as a non-invasive neural regulation technique, has shown great potential in neuroprotection. However, the parameter selection and biological safety of rTMS in the prevention and treatment of RIBI have not been reported. Methods Using a mouse model of RIBI, this study employed three rTMS frequencies (5, 10, and 25 Hz) for intervention. Biochemical and pathological assays were conducted to identify the optimal stimulation parameter. Subsequently, this parameter was used to evaluate the biological safety in normal mice. Results Under the conditions of this experiment, rTMS interventions with all three frequencies could reduce the levels of serum brain injury markers (NSE and S100B) and inflammatory factors in mice (P < 0.001), and alleviate the morphological and structural damage of hippocampal tissue. The 10 Hz rTMS could significantly promote hippocampal neurogenesis in RIBI mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 10 Hz rTMS showed no significant effects on the cognitive function and mood of normal mice. The intervention did not significantly change the morphology and structure of the main organs, blood biochemical indicators, and the level of hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Conclusion The 10 Hz rTMS is optimal for the prevention and treatment of RIBI with high biological safety.