Background Lead is a typical persistent environmental pollutant that can accumulate in bones for decades. During pregnancy, alterations in calcium metabolism promote the mobilization of bone lead, resulting in secondary exposure; however, the mechanisms by which pregnancy-associated bone lead mobilization affects maternal renal function remain unclear. Objective To investigate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in pregnancy-related bone lead mobilization-induced renal injury. Methods Newly weaned female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control or a lead-exposed group administered either 0.05% sodium acetate or 0.05% lead acetate in drinking water. Following a 4-week lead exposure and a 4-week washout period, the females were co-housed with healthy age-matched males for mating. Rats were sacrificed at early (gestational day 3) and late (gestational day 17) pregnancystages, respectively. Renal histopathology was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining staining. Mitochondria-related indicators, including oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and energy metabolism, were measured. Differential metabolites were identified using serum metabolomics. Results Renal injury in the lead-exposed pregnant rats progressed in a time-dependent manner, characterized by degeneration of proximal tubular epithelial cells, glomerular hyaline changes, and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the treatment factor (lead exposure) and the temporal factor (gestational stage) on renal injury (P<0.001). Further analysis of mitochondrial function-related indicators in late-pregnancy renal tissue revealed that the lead exposure group exhibited significantly increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P<0.05), accompanied by a reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities (P<0.05); regarding inflammatory markers, levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were elevated (P<0.01), whereas interleukin-33 (IL-33) was decreased in the lead-exposed group (P<0.05); energy metabolism-related indicators, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase activities, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III, and V activities, were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the lead-exposed gorup. The typical differential metabolite N-methylisoleucine, identified through serum metabolomics analysis, was negatively correlated with blood lead levels, kidney injury scores, and IL-1β, while positively correlated with catalase (CAT) activity and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase. Conclusions Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a critical role in renal injury induced by bone lead mobilization during late gestation.

ObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanism of aerobic exercise to improve hippocampal neuronal degeneration by regulating tryptophan metabolic pathway. Methods60 SPF-grade C57BL/6J male mice were divided into a young group (2 months old, n=30) and a senile group (12 months old, n=30), and each group was further divided into a control group (C/A group, n=15) and an exercise group (CE/AE group, n=15). An aerobic exercise program was used for 8 weeks. Learning memory ability was assessed by Y-maze, and anxiety-depression-like behavior was detected by absent field experiment. Hippocampal Trp levels were measured by GC-MS. Nissl staining was used to observe the number and morphology of hippocampal neurons, and electron microscopy was used to detect synaptic ultrastructure. ELISA was used to detect the levels of hippocampal Trp,5-HT, Kyn, KATs, KYNA, KMO, and QUIN; Western blot was used to analyze the activities of TPH2, IDO1, and TDO enzymes. ResultsGroup A mice showed significant decrease in learning and memory ability (P<0.05) and increase in anxiety and depressive behaviors (P<0.05); all of AE group showed significant improvement (P<0.05). Hippocampal Trp levels decreased in group A (P<0.05) and increased in AE group (P<0.05). Nidus vesicles were reduced and synaptic structures were degraded in group A (P<0.05), and both were significantly improved in group AE (P<0.05). The levels of Trp, 5-HT, KATs, and KYNA were decreased (P<0.05) and the levels of Kyn, KMO, and QUIN were increased (P<0.05) in group A. The activity of TPH2 was decreased (P<0.05), and the activities of IDO1 and TDO were increased (P<0.05). The AE group showed the opposite trend. ConclusionThe aging process significantly reduces the learning memory ability and increases the anxiety-depression-like behavior of mice, and leads to the reduction of the number of nidus vesicles and degenerative changes of synaptic structure in the hippocampus, whereas aerobic exercise not only effectively enhances the spatial learning memory ability and alleviates the anxiety-depression-like behavior of aging mice, but also improves the morphology and structure of neurons in hippocampal area, which may be achieved by the mechanism of regulating the tryptophan metabolic pathway.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)is a malignant tumor originating from the squamous epithelium of the oro-pharyngeal mucosa,accounting for more than 90％of oropharyngeal malignancies.In recent years,human papillomavirus(HPV)infec-tion has become one of the primary etiological factors of oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma.The incidence of HPV-associated oropharyn-geal squamous carcinoma has been rising annually,with a noticeable trend toward younger populations,posing a significant threat to hu-man health.Due to the distinct biological behavior and clinical characteristics of HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma com-pared to its non-HPV-related counterpart,the diagnostic and treatment strategies for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma have undergone substantial changes.Prevention and screening for oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma are of critical importance.The diagnostic and treat-ment process involves multi-disciplinary collaboration,including oral and maxillofacial surgery,otolaryngology,head and neck surgery,oncology,radiology and pathology.Based on evidence from clinical practice,a comprehensive,integrated diagnostic and therapeutic ap-proach has been established,centered around the concept of"prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation",covering the entire patient lifecycle and providing a valuable reference for clinical practice.

In recent decades,the incidence of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OPSCC)has shown a marked increase.Significant changes have also occurred in the OPSCC diagnosis and treatment paradigm.Deter-mining HPV status prior to treatment is now essential,and radiotherapy/chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and minimally invasive surgical techniques have progressively emerged as key modalities for managing OPSCC.However,alongside these paradigm shifts,a comprehen-sive technical consensus guiding the entire diagnostic and therapeutic process for OPSCC patients is currently lacking.Given China's large population base and the rising incidence of OPSCC,an expert panel convened to develop a clinical technical consensus on OPSCC diagno-sis and management tailored to China's specific context.This consensus aims to further enhance and standardize understanding of OPSCC management techniques among relevant healthcare professionals.

Objective:To explore the effects of 4C management mode on rehabilitation and quality of life in patients with acute heart failure(AHF)in cardiovascular intensive care unit(CCU).Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 110 patients with AHF admitted in CCU of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between February 2021 and February 2023.Patients were randomly divided into intervention group(n=55)and control group(n=55).Patients in the control group received routine intervention,while those in the inter-vention group received additional 4C management mode,both groups were intervened for 3 months.The indexes of cardiac function,self-efficacy,exercise tolerance,blood oxygen saturation(SpO2),mental state and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared to those in the control group after intervention,patients in the intervention group had significantly lower interventricular septal thickness(IVST)[(9.20±0.10)mm vs.(10.30±0.17)mm,P＜0.001],left ventricular end-systolic volume index(LVESVI)[(35.21±0.74)ml/m2 vs.(39.70±1.09)ml/m2,P＜0.001],left ventricular end-diastolic volume index(LVED VI)[(45.35±0.71)ml/m2 vs.(56.76±1.48)ml/m2,P＜0.001],scores of self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)[(32.10±1.57)points vs.(45.36±1.94)points,P＜0.001],self-rating depression scale(SDS)[(35.03±1.52)points vs.(47.70±2.12)points,P＜0.001]and Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire(MLHFQ)[(51.27±2.85)points vs.(56.46±3.53)points,P＜0.001],and significantly higher score of general self-efficacy scale(GSES)[(28.71±3.84)points vs.(20.34±1.56)points,P＜0.001],6 min walking distance(6MWD)[(428.53±5.50)m vs.(362.14±6.18)m,P＜0.001]and SpO2[(99.11±0.87)％vs.(94.23±0.73)％,P＜0.001].Conclusion:4C management mode may improve the cardiac function,self-efficacy,mental state and quality of life in patients with acute heart failure in CCU.

Gastric cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies of the digestive tract worldwide,underscoring the urgent need for more effective targeted therapeutic strategies.Poly(ADP-ri-bose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in tumors with homologous recombination repair(HRR)deficiency;however,their clinical application in gastric cancer remains limited.Clinical evidence suggests that patients harboring Helicobacter pylori infection in combination with HRR gene mutations exhibit a significantly elevated risk of developing gastric cancer,thereby supporting the potential benefit of PARP inhibition in this setting.In this study,a kinase inhibitor library was screened in combination with the PARP inhibitor olaparib in gastric cancer cells.And we identify the cy-clin-dependent kinase 8/19(CDK8/19)inhibitor Senexin A as a compound that synergistically enhances the cytotoxic effect of PARP inhibition(P<0.05).Phenotypic validation using CCK-8 and colony for-mation assays demonstrated that the combination treatment significantly suppressed cellular proliferation and clonogenic potential compared to either monotherapy(P<0.0001).Mechanistically,alkaline comet assays revealed a significant increase in DNA damage in the combination treatment group relative to either single-agent group(P<0.0001),suggesting that the synergistic effect results from the exacerbation of DNA damage via impaired DNA repair mechanisms.In addition,treatment with CDK8/19 inhibitors a-lone markedly increased the formation of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in irradiated gastric cancer cells(P<0.0001),indicating inhibition of DNA damage repair pathways.Transcriptome sequencing further re-vealed that CDK8/19 inhibition impacts critical cellular pathways,including DNA repair,cell cycle reg-ulation,and RNA splicing.Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that inhibition of CDK8/19 kinase activity significantly reduces the phosphorylation level of PARP1,suggesting a potential regulatory inter-action.Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from gastric cancer pa-tients demonstrated that CDK8 is significantly overexpressed in tumor tissues,supporting its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target.Collectively,this study elucidates a mechanistic ba-sis by which CDK8/19 inhibition enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to PARP inhibitors.These findings provide a strong rationale for the combined use of CDK8/19 and PARP inhibitors as a tar-geted therapeutic strategy and offer promising translational implications for advancing personalized medi-cine in gastric cancer treatment.

This study investigated the prevalence of hepatitis E virus(HEV)in rodents within the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.In 2024,liver,spleen,kidney,and lung tissue samples were collected from rodents in 11 leagues and cities across the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,including Hohhot,Baotou,Hulunbuir,Xing'an League,Tongliao,Chifeng,Xilin Gol League,Ulan-qab,Ordos,Bayannur,and Wuhai.Nested PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect the conserved regions of the HEV open reading frame 1(ORF1)gene.The RT-PCR-positive products were sequenced,and phylogenetic and homology analysis of the obtained sequences was performed.A total of 816 rodents were captured in this investigation,including 319 Rattus norvegicus(39.09%,319/816),206 Musmusculus(25.25%,206/816),and 140 Mongolian gerbils(17.16%,140/816).The HEV infection rate among rodents in the In-ner Mongolia region was 3.68%(30/816).Sequencing of the RT-PCR-positive results and analysis of the nucleotide sequences yielded 30 HEV-positive rodent samples.Phylogenetic analysis identified these sequences as belonging to the HEV-C1 genotype.The prevalence of HEV was observed in brown rats(Rattus norvegicus)in five leagues and cities within the Inner Mongolia region,includ-ing Xing'an League,Chifeng City,Hulunbuir City,Xilin Gol League,and Tongliao City,with infection rates of 16.67%,10.00%,5.98%,3.30%,and 2.50%,respectively.Brown rats,a species of house rats,frequently inhabit areas near human residences and have close interactions with humans and livestock.Studies have shown that multiple subtypes of HEV can cause zoonotic infections.Therefore,strengthening the monitoring of pathogens carried by rodents in residential environments and optimizing the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases will be essential.Timely dissemination of relevant infectious disease knowledge to local communities will also be crucial,to decrease the risk of human infection.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of achyranthes bidentata(AB)on sperm quality in mice with sper-matogenic disorder through the glycolytic metabolic pathway and its action mechanism.Methods:We equally randomized 40 Kun-ming mice into a normal control,a model control,a low-dose AB(3.5 g/kg)and a high-dose AB group(7.0 g/kg),and established the model of spermatogenic disorder in the latter three groups of mice by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin(30 mg/kg).Two days after modeling,we collected the testis and kidney tissues and blood samples from the mice for observation of the pathological changes in the testis tissue by HE staining,detection of perm motility with the sperm quality analyzer,examination of the apoptosis of testis cells by flow cytometry,measurement of the levels of testosterone(T),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and cata-lase(CAT)in the serum and testis tissue by ELISA,and determination of expressions of the key enzymes of glycolysis hexokinase Ⅱ(HK2),pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2),platelet phosphofructokinase(PFKP),lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)and the meiosis pro-teins REC8 and SCP3 by Western blot,and the mRNA expressions of glycolytic phosphofructokinase 1(PFK1),phosphoglycerate ki-nase 1(PGK1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1 β(IL-1β)by fluorescence quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR).Results:Compared with the model controls,the mice in the AB groups showed significant increases in the testis coefficient,kidney in-dex,sperm concentration,sperm motility,spermatogonia,primary spermatocytes,spermatids,sperm count and the serum T level(P＜0.05 orP＜0.01),but dramatic decreases in the apoptosis of testis cells and percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm(P＜0.01).Achyranthes bidentata also significantly elevated the levels of SOD and CAT,and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of MDA,TNF-α and IL-1β(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and up-regulated the protein expressions of HK2,PKM2,PFKP,LDHA,REC8 and SCP3,and expressions of the glycolysis key genes Pfk1 and Pgk1(P＜0.05 orP＜0.01).Conclusion:Achyranthes bidentata ameliorates doxorubicin-induced spermatogenic disorder in mice by regulating the glycolytic pathway and reducing oxidative stress and the expressions of inflammatory factors.

Objective:By combining image memory with educational games, electrocardiogram (ECG) images were integrated with card games to simplify complex ECG knowledge and visualize abstract concepts. This approach stimulated students' motivation to learn within the game, thereby enhancing their cognitive abilities and aiding them in mastering ECG-related knowledge.Methods:Through literature search and brainstorming, ECG learning flash cards and game process were designed. Using the convenience sampling method, 55 medical students from a university were selected to conduct the self-designed questionnaire before and after using ECG flash cards to evaluate the efficacy of flash cards in enhancing ECG learning outcomes. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted on the satisfaction with the flash cards.Results:Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the score of students from different majors. For students who had studied ECG within 1 month and 6 months, the difference in correct recognition rate between them was relatively small, which were 57.50% and 54.51%, respectively. For students who had not studied ECG, the correct recognition rate after training was only 18.06%. After the intervention, 42 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall correct rate of ECG recognition increased by 17.86%. The correct recognition rate of ventricular fibrillation increased significantly from 30.91% to 64.29%; the correct recognition rate of supraventricular tachycardia was improved only by 5.50%. The correct ECG recognition rate was significantly higher after the intervention than before the intervention ( P<0.01). The results of qualitative interviews indicated that the ECG game cards were interesting, practical, and generalizable. However, there was room for improvement in the distinctiveness of key graphics, the richness of information on cards, and the diversity of rule design. Conclusions:ECG recognition is hard to master for beginners. The use of ECG flash cards simplifies the process of ECG recognition and stimulates students' initiative in learning, thus improving the overall correct ECG recognition rate.

This study investigated the prevalence of hepatitis E virus(HEV)in rodents within the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.In 2024,liver,spleen,kidney,and lung tissue samples were collected from rodents in 11 leagues and cities across the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,including Hohhot,Baotou,Hulunbuir,Xing'an League,Tongliao,Chifeng,Xilin Gol League,Ulan-qab,Ordos,Bayannur,and Wuhai.Nested PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect the conserved regions of the HEV open reading frame 1(ORF1)gene.The RT-PCR-positive products were sequenced,and phylogenetic and homology analysis of the obtained sequences was performed.A total of 816 rodents were captured in this investigation,including 319 Rattus norvegicus(39.09%,319/816),206 Musmusculus(25.25%,206/816),and 140 Mongolian gerbils(17.16%,140/816).The HEV infection rate among rodents in the In-ner Mongolia region was 3.68%(30/816).Sequencing of the RT-PCR-positive results and analysis of the nucleotide sequences yielded 30 HEV-positive rodent samples.Phylogenetic analysis identified these sequences as belonging to the HEV-C1 genotype.The prevalence of HEV was observed in brown rats(Rattus norvegicus)in five leagues and cities within the Inner Mongolia region,includ-ing Xing'an League,Chifeng City,Hulunbuir City,Xilin Gol League,and Tongliao City,with infection rates of 16.67%,10.00%,5.98%,3.30%,and 2.50%,respectively.Brown rats,a species of house rats,frequently inhabit areas near human residences and have close interactions with humans and livestock.Studies have shown that multiple subtypes of HEV can cause zoonotic infections.Therefore,strengthening the monitoring of pathogens carried by rodents in residential environments and optimizing the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases will be essential.Timely dissemination of relevant infectious disease knowledge to local communities will also be crucial,to decrease the risk of human infection.