ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits, which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD. Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities. Therefore, this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties. MethodsOur study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing (TD) age-matched controls. In an attention capture task, we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change (TC) and non-topological change (nTC) stimuli. Saccadic reaction time (SRT), visual search time (VS), and first fixation dwell time (FFDT) were used as indicators of attentional bias. Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted. ResultsThis study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT (P<0.05) and VS (P<0.05) for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli, while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure (P>0.05). Additionally, ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets (measured by FFDT), in comparison to TD children (P<0.05). Furthermore, ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias (measured by VS) and their scores on the compulsive subscale (P<0.05). ConclusionThe results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection. This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development, thereby impacting their social communication and interaction. In sum, our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.

Aim To investigate the protective poten-tial of paeoniflorin 6-oxy-benzenesulfonate(CP-25)in preserving knee cartilage integrity in osteoarthritis mice through inhibition of GRK2 activity.Methods The posttraumatic osteoarthritis model was established fol-lowing DMM surgery.The experiment consisted of a sham operation group,a model group,a CP-25 admin-istration group,and a paroxetine positive control group.Intragastric administration commenced after the surgery.After 12 weeks of administration,the animals were euthanized.Micro-CT imaging was used to ob-serve the knee cartilage degeneration and abnormal bone remodeling,and the joint histopathology of mice was observed by staining with ferrubens solid green.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression level of related molecules in cartilage tissue.Furthermore,Western blot was em-ployed to determine GRK2 and EP4 membrane protein expression levels as well as total protein levels of GRK2 and MMP13 following CP-25 treatment.Results Compared with the sham operation group,the articular cartilage in the model group was significantly degrad-ed,with the cartilage surface calcifying and osteo-phytes forming.CP-25 could significantly reduce the number of osteophytes and the thickness of the sub-chondral plate of articular cartilage,promote the regen-eration of the cartilage matrix,reduce the expression of cartilage matrix degradation protein,and have a signifi-cant protective effect on knee cartilage.Immunohisto-chemical and immunofluorescence results showed that compared with the model group,CP-25 treatment sig-nificantly decreased the expressions of GRK2,AD-AMTS5 and MMP13 in knee tissue and increased the expressions of Col Ⅱ and Aggrecan in knee tissue.The results of in vitro experiments showed that CP-25 ad-ministration could significantly reduce the expression levels of GRK2 membrane protein and total protein,in-crease the level of EP4 membrane protein,and de-crease the level of MMP13.Conclusions The ad-ministration of CP-25 can significantly promote the re-generation of articular cartilage matrix in OA mice,re-duce the degradation of cartilage matrix,and exhibit therapeutic effects on OA.The mechanism behind this is related to the inhibition of GRK2-mediated cartilage matrix metabolism.

Aim To explore the mechanism of modified Wuzi Yanzong pill to reduce testicular toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii by means of network pharmacolo-gy.Methods The effective chemical composition and target of modified Wuzi Yanzong Pill to reduce testicu-lar toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii were analyzed by using multiple databases to understand the mechanism of action.Results The first five compounds of modi-fied Wuzi Yanzong pill are quercetin,sucrose,kaempferol,galactose and ellagic acid,respectively.The first five targets were TP53,SRC,EP300,MAPK3,STAT3;KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly concentrated in cancer pathway,lipid and atherosclero-sis,hepatitis B,apoptosis,diabetes complications AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and other signaling pathways.Conclusions The ac-tive components of modified Wuzi Yanzong pill can re-duce the testicular toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii mainly by interfering with TP53,SRC,EP300,MAPK3,STAT3 and other targets,regulating apoptosis,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,diabetes complications AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,lipid metabolism and other pathways.

Objective To investigate the effects of pulsed radiofrequency(PRF)with intercostal nerve block on analgesia analgesia effect,cognitive function and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung surgery.Methods Ninety elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung surgery in our hospital were randomly divided into the control group(intercostal nerve block with local anesthetic drugs)and the PRF group(PRF with intercostal nerve block).The pain score,analgesic effect,cognitive function,postoperative delirium and neurological dysfunction of the two groups were compared.Results The pain scores of resting and coughing state 48 hours and 72 hours after surgery in the PRF group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The number of analgesic pump compression and proportion of supplemental analgesia within 72 hours after surgery and perioperative sufentanil dosage in the PRF group were significantly less than those in the control group(P<0.05).The cognitive function scores 48 hours and 72 hours after surgery in the PRF group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of delirium 72 hours after surgery in the PRF group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of intercostal nerve dysfunction 1 month,2 months and 3 months after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion PRF with intercostal nerve block can effectively relieve pain after elderly thoracoscopic lung surgery,reduce postoperative opioid consumption,improve postoperative cognitive function,and decrease postoperative delirium incidence without affecting the intercostal nerve function,which is safe and reliable.

This study established an efficient and specific method for type analysis of genetic variants of Balantioides coli.The restriction endonucleases ApoI and PflMI were selected to digest the PCR amplification products of ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 of B.coli,and to establish a PCR-RFLP typing method.The PCR-RFLP method was subsequently used to analyze the genetic variants in clinical fecal samples from pigs,sheep,and guinea pigs.The PCR-RFLP method based on ApoI and PflMI accurately distinguished the main A and B genetic variants of B.coli,and further divided the main B type into B-c and B-t sub-types of genetic variants with PflMI.Compared with the results of microscopy and sequencing,the PCR-RFLP method showed good specificity and higher sensitivity,and was able to identify not only single but also multiple variants of B.coli in a single clinical sample.This study successfully established the PCR-RFLP method for B.coli,which can be used for genetic di-versity identification and molecular epidemiological studies of B.coli.

This study was aimed at understanding the trends in,and scope of,severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)in Nanjing,analyzing the spatial distribution pattern,detecting high incidence cluster areas and key popula-tions,and scientifically guiding prevention and control strategies and measures.We obtained data on SFTS cases from 2010 to 2023 in Nanjing from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System,and described the time,popu-lation,and spatial distribution characteristics.We used joinpoint regression to calculate the annual percentage change(APC)in incidence,then used FleXScan spatial clustering scan analysis to explore spatial clustering areas at the street level.A total of 507 SFTS cases were reported from 2010 to 2023 in Nanjing.The APC was 31.8％(95％CI:22.5％-41.9％,P＜0.001),and the reported incidence in 2023 was 1.42/100 000(134 cases).The seasonal indices from May to August were 2.7,2.1,3.0,and 1.3,respectively,accounting for 76.1％of the total cases.The median age was 66(IQR:55,73)years,which gradually increased from 59 years in 2010-2011 to 68 in 2022-2023(P＜0.001);94.1％of cases were in individuals 45 years or older.Farmers,homemakers/unemployed individuals,and retirees accounted for 90.1％.The epidemic area increased from 11 streets in four districts in 2010-2011 to 58 streets in 11 dis-tricts in 2022-2023.Except for 2012-2013,global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed positive Moran's I values(0.224-0.526,P＜0.001),and FlexScan scan indicated that several streets in Lishui District and Jiangning District were the most likely clusters.Four streets in Pukou District were the secondary clusters from 2018 to 2023,and three streets in Luhe District in 2022-2023 were the secondary clusters(all P＜0.05).The reported incidence of SFTS in Nanjing showed a rapid upward trend,with spread of epidemic areas.The spatial distribution pattern was clustered.Strengthened training in diagnosis and treatment technology and detection ability of medical institutions,surveillance in high-incidence areas,tracing of case flow,and health education of tick and disease prevention knowledge are recommended.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease(cGVHD)is one of a major complication that affecting the long-term survival and living quality of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,with the incidence of 30％-70％.Unlike acute GVHD,cGVHD involves a large number of immune cells and cytokines in addition to T cell,which is activated abnormally by the donor,and cytokine storms,which characterized by infiltration of donor lymphocytes and damage to host target organ.Recent studies have further made progress in targeting related immune cells and cytokines.In this review,the pathogenesis and therapeutic prospects of cGVHD were summarized from the perspectives of classical innate and adaptive immunity.

Objective:To investigate the expression of serum histone deacetylase 2(HDAC2)in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and its clinical significance.Methods:The 150 AML patients who received treatment in our hospital from April 2017 to April 2019 were included as AML group,and further divided into survival group(108 cases)and death group(42 cases)according to their survival status.In addition,100 health individuals undergoing health examination in the same period were included as control group.The expression of HDAC2 in serum was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Cox regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of adverse prognosis.The predictive effect of serum HDAC2 for the adverse prognosis of AML patients was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results:Compared with the control group,the expression of serum HDAC2,interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,IL-1β and C-reactive protein(CRP)in AML group was obviously increased(all P＜0.05).Compared with the survival group,the expression of serum HDAC2 in the death group was also increased(P＜0.05).Serum HDAC2 was positively correlated with IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β and CRP in AML patients(r=0.567,0.559,0.623,0.537).According to Cox regression analysis,the IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1 β and HDAC2 were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of AML patients(all P＜0.05).ROC analysis showed that the AUC of serum HDAC2 level in predicting the adverse prognosis of AML was 0.862.Conclusion:The expression level of serum HDAC2 in AML patients is increased,which has positive correlations with IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β and CRP.HDAC2 is an independent risk factor for the poor prognosis of AML patients,and has a high predictive value.

Objective:To explore the value of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 in peripheral blood for risk stratification and prognostic evaluation of acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)in children.Methods:From January 2020 to March 2022,70 children with aGVHD after allo-HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects,of which 50 cases were mild aGVHD(grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ)and 20 cases were severe aGVHD(grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ).30 healthy children who underwent physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Luminex platform was used to detect the protein expression levels of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 during aGVHD occurrence,and the differences between the three groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.According to the outcome of aGVHD treatment within 28 days,the patients were divided into a good prognosis group of 58 cases and a poor prognosis group of 12 cases.The ROC curve was used to analyze the value of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 in predicting the prognosis of children with aGVHD.Results:The peripheral blood levels of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 in the mild aGVHD and severe aGVHD groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),and those in the severe aGVHD group were significantly higher than those in the mild aGVHD group(P＜0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the peripheral blood levels of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 in the poor prognosis group were significantly higher(t=9.27,3.33,2.97;P＜0.01).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity and specificity of the combined detection of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 in predicting the prognosis of children with aGVHD were higher than those of the above indicators detected alone or in pairs.Conclusion:The expression levels of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 were related to the severity of aGVHD.The combination of REG3α,sST2 and TNFR1 has a high clinical value in predicting the prognosis of children with aGVHD,which is expected to provide a reliable reference for clinical evaluation of the prognosis of children with aGVHD.

Purpose: This study evaluated the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) treatment of symptomatic focal uterine adenomyosis. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between March 2020 and January 2023, enrolling 52 patients with symptomatic focal uterine adenomyosis who had undergone MWA. All patients were examined with CEUS before and after MWA. The non-perfused volume (NPV) was compared between CEUS and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCEMRI) following ablation. Therapeutic efficacy and safety were evaluated at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Additionally, this study explored the correlations between pre-treatment CEUS features and a volume reduction ratio indicating sufficient ablation, defined as 50% or more at the 3-month follow-up. Results: No significant differences in NPV were noted between CEUS and DCE-MRI immediately after MWA and during follow-up (all P>0.05). At the 3-month follow-up, the median VRRs for the uterus and adenomyosis were 33.2% and 63.9%, respectively. Sufficient ablation was achieved in 69.2% (36/52) of adenomyosis cases, while partial ablation was observed in the remaining 30.8% (16/52). The identification of non-enhancing areas on pre-treatment CEUS was associated with sufficient ablation (P=0.016). At the 12-month follow-up, significant decreases were observed in both the uterine and adenomyosis volumes (all P<0.001). Dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia were significantly alleviated at 12 months, and no major complications were encountered. Conclusion CEUS can be used to evaluate the ablation zone of focal adenomyosis that has been treated with MWA, similarly to DCE-MRI. The identification of non-enhancing areas on pretreatment CEUS indicates satisfactory treatment outcomes.