Objective: To explore the association role of anxiety and depressive symptoms with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and emotional-behavioral problems among junior high school students, so as to provide references for preventing the occurrence and progression of emotional-behavioral problems in middle school students. Methods: From September to October 2024, a random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 38 069 students from 28 junior high schools in 14 counties (cities and districts) and functional areas of Jining City, Shandong Province. Surveys were conducted by Nine item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The correlation of emotional and behavioral issues, online game addiction, anxiety and depressive symptoms among junior high school students was analyzed by Speaman correlation analysis. Mediation analysis was used to explore the role of anxiety and depressive symptoms between IGD and emotional-behavioral problems among junior high school students. Results: The detection rates of emotional-behavioral problems, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and IGD among junior high school students were 19.24 %, 9.48%, 16.69%, and 19.68%, respectively. The scores of emotional-behavioral problems, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and IGD were 10.00 (6.00, 15.00), 3.00 (0.00, 7.00), and 4.00 (1.00, 8.00), 13.00 (10.00, 19.00), respectively. There were positive correlations between each pair of emotional-behavioral problem, IGD, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms scores ( r =0.51-0.81, all P <0.01). Anxiety and depressive symptoms played mediating roles between IGD and emotional-behavioral problems among junior high school students, with mediating effect values of 0.16 (95% CI =0.15-0.17) and 0.12 (95% CI =0.11-0.14), respectively (both P <0.01). Conclusions Anxiety and depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between IGD and emotional-behavioral problems among junior high school students. It is necessary to identify early signs of IGD among junior high school students, strengthen intervention for anxiety and depressive symptoms, to prevent the occurrence and development of emotional and behavioral issues.

Background/Aims: This study assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in real-world settings. Methods: Patients who were candidates for TAF treatment and were followed up at 12-week intervals over 192 weeks were enrolled in this study. Results: One hundred and forty-four patients (50 treatment-naive and 94 treatment-experienced) were included in this study. The cumulative incidence rates of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma at 192 weeks were 3.9% and 0.7%, respectively. In treatment-naive patients, the rates of a virological response, HBeAg conversion, and HBsAg loss at 192 weeks were 100%, 33.3%, and 2%, respectively. The treatment-naive patients exhibited higher baseline HBsAg levels than the treatment-experienced patients (4.31 log10IU/mL vs. 3.97 log10IU/mL). A significant decrease in the HBsAg levels from the baseline was observed at 144 and 192 weeks in the treatment-naive patients (p=0.01). The baseline body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 (p=0.02) and HBsAg <3.3 log10IU/mL (p=0.04) were identified as predictive factors for a decrease in HBsAg ≥0.5 log10IU/mL at 48 weeks. The eGFR levels were consistently lower in the treatment-experienced patients throughout the study. Although the treatment-naive patients showed no abnormal increases in urinary URBP, the treatment-experienced patients showed elevated urinary β2MG and NAG levels at the baseline, which decreased over the treatment course. The total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels were similar in both groups. Conclusions Prolonging the TAF treatment duration enhances the virological response rate. The decline in HBsAg levels was more significant in the treatment-naive patients than in the treatment-experienced patients. The baseline BMI <25 kg/m2 and HBsAg <3.3 log10IU/mL were predictive factors for a significant decline in HBsAg at 48 weeks. TAF has high renal safety and no significant impact on lipid levels.

Ganoderic acid is a class of lanostane-type triterpenoids found in Ganoderma species, and is one of the most important pharmacologically active components in G. lucidum, exhibiting antioxidant, anti-neuropsychiatric, anti-tumor, and immune-enhancing properties. The content of ganoderic acid in G. lucidum is very low, and the traditional extraction process is complex, yielding minimal amounts at high cost. The biosynthetic pathway of G. lucidum triterpenoids(GLTs), including the synthesis of different structural forms of ganoderic acid from lanosterol, as well as the molecular regulatory mechanisms involving key regulatory enzyme genes and their functions, are not yet fully understood. With the continuous development of synthetic biology technologies, there has been a deeper understanding of the biosynthesis and metabolic regulation pathways of ganoderic acid and its derivatives at the molecular level. Research has explored the key regulatory enzyme genes related to ganoderic acid biosynthesis and their functions. Moreover, through the optimization of synthetic biology and culture conditions, large-scale production and preparation of GLTs at the cellular level have been achieved. This paper reviews and analyzes the latest research progress on the biosynthesis pathways and metabolic regulation of GLTs, focusing on the configuration of ganoderic acid and its derivatives, the biosynthetic pathways, key enzyme genes, transcription factors related to ganoderic acid biosynthesis, signal transduction mechanisms, and factors affecting triterpenoid biotransformation. This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for improving the efficient production of triterpenoid pharmacological components and the exploitation and utilization of G. lucidum resources.
Triterpenes/chemistry* ; Reishi/chemistry* ; Biosynthetic Pathways ; Lanosterol

Grounded in the theory of "all marrows dominated by brain", this study explored the therapeutic mechanism of Zuogui Pills in modulating the oxytocin(OXT)/oxytocin receptor(OXTR) feed-forward loop in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP). A PMOP rat model was established using ovariectomy, and 70 Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into the following groups: sham operation group, model group, estradiol group(17β-estradiol, 0.05 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), Zuogui Pills low, medium, and high dose groups(0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1), respectively), and an antagonist group(atosiban 0.9 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) + 17β-estradiol 0.05 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) + Zuogui Pills 0.4 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). After 12 weeks of model establishment, treatment was administered by gavage once daily for another 12 weeks, followed by sample collection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure serum levels of estrogen(E_2), OXT, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRACP-5b), and bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP). Histopathological changes in the left distal femur were observed through hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. Micro-computed tomography(micro-CT) was used to analyze the microstructure of the right distal femur. Western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of OXTR, small GTP-binding protein Ras, Raf1 proto-oncogene(Raf1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2(MEK1/2), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2), and their phosphorylated forms in tibial tissues. Compared with the model group, the Zuogui Pills medium and high dose groups showed significantly increased levels of E_2, OXT, and BALP, with a notable decrease in TRACP-5b levels. Morphologically, the trabeculae in the left distal femur were more tightly arranged. The fibrous structure in the right distal femur was significantly improved in the Zuogui Pills high dose group. Additionally, the expression of OXTR, Ras, p-Raf1, p-MEK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 proteins in tibial tissues was significantly increased. The therapeutic effect of the Zuogui Pills high dose group was partially inhibited when an OXTR antagonist was administered. These findings suggest that Zuogui Pills can regulate the OXT/OXTR feed-forward loop, activate the phosphorylation of the downstream Ras/Raf1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and ultimately improve bone mineral density, thereby exerting therapeutic effects in PMOP.
Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Female ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Oxytocin/genetics* ; Receptors, Oxytocin/genetics* ; Humans ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/genetics* ; Bone and Bones/drug effects* ; Brain/drug effects* ; Bone Marrow/drug effects*

OBJECTIVE: Resveratrol (Res) is a promising anticancer drug against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but whether its anti-HCC effects implicate mitophagy remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the specific role of Res in mitophagy and the related mechanisms during the treatment of HCC. METHODS: HepG2 cells and tumor-grafted nude mice were used to investigate the effects of low-, middle- and high-dose of Res on HCC progression and mitophagy in vitro and in vivo, respectively. A series of approaches including cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate tumor cell functions. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to assess mitophagy. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, reactive oxygen species and membrane potential were used to reflect mitochondrial function. After disrupting the expression of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), miR-143-3p, and ribonucleoside reductase M2 (RRM2), the effects of the MALAT1/miR-143-3p/RRM2 axis on cell function and mitophagy under Res treatment were explored in vitro. Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to confirm interactions between target genes. RESULTS: Res significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro, while significantly suppressing tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner and inducing mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo. Interestingly, MALAT1 was highly expressed in HCC cells and its knockdown upregulated miR-143-3p expression in HCC cells, which subsequently inhibited RRM2 expression. Furthermore, in nude mice grafted with HCC tumors and treated with Res, the expression of MALAT1, miR-143-3p and RRM2 were altered significantly. In vitro data further supported the targeted binding relationships between MALAT1 and miR-143-3p and between miR-143-3p and RRM2. Therefore, a series of cell-based experiments were carried out to study the mechanism of the MALAT1/miR-143-3p/RRM2 axis involved in mitophagy and HCC; these experiments revealed that MALAT1 knockdown, miR-143-3p mimic and RRM silencing potentiated the antitumor effects of Res and its activation of mitophagy. CONCLUSION Res facilitated mitophagy in HCC and exerted anti-cancer effects by targeting the MALAT1/miR-143-3p/RRM2 axis. Please cite this article as: Feng CY, Cai CS, Shi XQ, Zhang ZJ, Su D, Qiu YQ. Resveratrol promotes mitophagy via the MALAT1/miR-143-3p/RRM2 axis and suppresses cancer progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(1): 79-91.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Resveratrol/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Mice, Nude ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Hep G2 Cells ; Mice ; Disease Progression ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between eight serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and regional fat depots, we analyzed the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 cycles. METHODS: Multiple linear regression models were developed to explore the associations between serum PFAS concentrations and six fat compositions along with a fat distribution score created by summing the concentrations of the six fat compositions. The associations between structurally grouped PFASs and fat distribution were assessed, and a prediction model was developed to estimate the ability of PFAS exposure to predict obesity risk. RESULTS: Among females aged 39-59 years, trunk fat mass was positively associated with perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Higher concentrations of PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoate (PFDeA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), and n-perfluorooctanoate (n-PFOA) were linked to greater visceral adipose tissue in this group. In men, exposure to total perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) and long-chain PFSAs was associated with reductions in abdominal fat, while higher abdominal fat in women aged 39-59 years was associated with short-chain PFSAs. The prediction model demonstrated high accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9925 for predicting obesity risk. CONCLUSION PFAS exposure is associated with regional fat distribution, with varying effects based on age, sex, and PFAS structure. The findings highlight the potential role of PFAS exposure in influencing fat depots and obesity risk, with significant implications for public health. The prediction model provides a highly accurate tool for assessing obesity risk related to PFAS exposure.
Humans ; Fluorocarbons/blood* ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Environmental Pollutants/blood* ; Abdominal Fat ; Nutrition Surveys ; Alkanesulfonic Acids/blood* ; Obesity ; Environmental Exposure

Due to the immaturity of visualization and quantitative analysis methods,the utilization rate of level 3 characteristics is seriously insufficient.In this work,based on the wet-membrane method and scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM),and the introduction of conductive black ink to enhance the visualization effect,a systematic level 3 feature quantitative method was developed.Firstly,the feasibility and effect of the multi-level characteristics extraction strategy of latent fingerprints was investigated.Then,the influences of various deposition conditions on the level 3 features were explored.The results showed that the higher the deposition pressure,the wider the ridges,and the smaller the pore size.Moreover,excessive oil content could cause the pore size to be smaller and even been covered.Subsequently,the quantitative method was established from various pore characteristics such as pore number,pore activity,pore size,pore-to-pore distance and pore-to-pore angle.The stability of the level 3 features(pore number,pore-to-pore distance and pore-to-pore angle)was confirmed via repeated experiments on the same fingerprint region.After stability test,the recognition ability of three indicators was investigated for different fingerprints,verifying the uniqueness of pore-to-pore distance and pore-to-pore angle.Finally,a multiple recognition strategy was proposed that combined frequency distribution fitting curves for pore-to-pore distance and angle with other level 3 details,and was successfully applied to incomplete fingerprint recognition.This ink-enhanced optical and electrochemical extraction method and quantitative analysis provided a new path for fingerprint recognition.

Objective To investigate the effects of a 100 mT static magnetic field(SMF)on emotional behavior and brain damage-related molecules in mice.Methods Fifty-eight C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into control group(n=25)and observation group(n=33).Mice in observation group were exposed to a 100 mT SMF for 0.5 h/d over 14 consecutive days,while mice in control group underwent pseudo-exposure.On the 7 and 14 days of exposure,anxiety-like behavior was assessed using open field and elevated plus maze tests.Cerebral blood flow was monitored using laser speckle imaging,and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-4,central nervous system specific protein β(S100β),neuron-specific enolase(NSE),and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)were measured by radioimmunoassay.BDNF expression in the brain was detected by immunofluorescence.Results On the 7 and 14 days of SMF exposure,the open field and elevated plus maze tests showed no statistically significant differences between observation and control groups in the frequencies,durations,and distance entering the central area of the open field and the open arm of the elevated plus maze(P>0.05).Laser speckle imaging revealed no significant difference in cerebral cortical perfusion compared with pre-exposure period(P>0.05).The results of radioimmunoassay showed that compared with control group,on the 7 d of SMF exposure,the serum IL-1β,NSE and S100β levels were significantly increased(P<0.05),the serum BDNF level was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the IL-1β and TNF-α contents in brain tissues were significantly increased in observation group(P<0.01).On the 14 d of SMF exposure,serum IL-1β,TNF-α,NSE,and S100β levels were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.0001),and the brain IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly increased(P<0.01)in observation group.No statistically significant differences were found in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 level of serum and brain tissue or BDNF content of brain tissue between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Continuous exposure to a 100 mT SMF for 14 d at 0.5 h/d induces neuroinflammation and brain damage in mice,without inducing anxiety-like behavior.

Objective:To investigate the effects of red laser versus plasma transurethral enucleation of the prostate (TUEP) on urinary and sexual function in patients under 65 years of age with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Method:This study was a retrospective analysis. Eighty BPH patients under 65 years old, admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University between January 2020 and January 2023 were selected. Among them, 40 patients who underwent 980 nm semiconductor red laser TUERP with pre-resection of the urethral mucosa 1 cm proximal to the verumontanum at the prostatic apex and preservation of bladder neck integrity were assigned to the Red Laser Group. Another 40 patients who underwent conventional TURP with a plasma resectoscope were assigned to the Plasma Group. Clinical data and 6-month postoperative follow-up data were collected. Changes in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score, ejaculatory function score, and ejaculatory discomfort score before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. The incidence rates of decreased semen volume, retrograde ejaculation, and painful ejaculation at 6 months postoperatively were also compared.Results:At 6 months postoperatively, IPSS decreased in both groups compared to preoperative levels and was lower in the Red Laser Group than in the Plasma Group [(4.7±1.3) points vs. (6.3±2.2) points, t=-4.46, P<0.001]. Qmax increased in both groups compared to preoperative levels and was higher in the Red Laser Group than in the Plasma Group [(25.7±1.3) ml/s vs. (22.6±1.2) ml/s, t=10.76, P<0.001]. The ejaculatory function score in the Plasma Group was lower than its own preoperative level [(5.9±0.7) points vs. (11.1±1.6) points, t=5.33, P<0.001] and lower than that in the Red Laser Group [(5.9±0.7) points vs. (11.4±0.9) points, t=7.56, P<0.001]. The ejaculatory discomfort score in the Plasma Group was higher than its own preoperative level [(3.0±1.5) points vs. (0.8±0.6) points, t=4.26, P<0.001] and higher than that in the Red Laser Group [(3.0±1.5) points vs. (0.8±0.6) points, t=5.83, P<0.001]. The incidence rates of decreased semen volume and retrograde ejaculation in the Red Laser Group were lower than those in the Plasma Group [12.5% (5/40) vs. 50.0% (20/40), 10.0% (4/40) vs. 45.0% (18/40), χ2=15.84, 12.65, respectively, both P<0.001]. Conclusions:Using 980 nm semiconductor red laser TUERP with pre-resection of the urethral mucosa 1 cm proximal to the verumontanum and preservation of bladder neck integrity can improve urinary and sexual function in BPH patients under 65 years of age.

Cervical spinal cord injury without fracture-dislocation (CSCIWFD) is referred to as a special type of cervical spinal cord injury characterized by traumatic spinal cord dysfunction and no significant bony structural abnormalities on imagines. Duo to the high risk of missed diagnosis during the initial consultation, CSCIWFD may lead to progressive neurological deterioration or even complete paralysis, severely impacting patients′ prognosis. Currently, there are no established consensuses over the diagnosis and treatment of CSCIWFD, such as the lack of evidence-based standards for indications of non-surgical treatment and risk of secondary neurological injury, as well as debates over the optimal timing for surgical intervention and indications for different surgical approaches. To address these issues, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the relevant fields to formulate Diagnosis and treatment guideline for acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture- dislocation in adults ( version 2025) . Based on evidence-based medicine and the principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability, the guidelines proposed 11 recommendations covering terminology, diagnosis, evaluation treatment, and rehabilitation, etc., aiming to standardize the management of CSCIWFD.