It is believed that the basic mechanism of cough associated with interstitial lung disease is collaterals deficiency with latent wind： the deficiency of the lung organs and lung collaterals is the basis of its pathogenesis， and latent wind in lung collaterals is the key mechanism of the cough which is difficult to cure. Treatment is based on the principle of supplementing deficiency and treating wind， dispelling the pathogens and unblocking the collaterals. Supplementing deficiency should supplement lungs， boost kidneys， and strengthen spleens to consolidate the root and banking up the origin， and regulate and tonify the lung collaterals； dispelling the pathogens should treat the internal and external winds at the same time， and taking into account the combined pathogens of phlegm， stasis and dampness to clear the stagnation of the lung collaterals.

Background/Aims: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) is a treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), with a relatively low risk of stenosis; however, the long-term outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with widespread superficial ESCN who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or ERFA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with superficial ESCN who underwent ESD or ERFA between January 2015 and December 2021. The primary outcome measure was recurrence-free survival. Results: Ninety-two and 33 patients with superficial ESCN underwent ESD and ERFA, respectively. The en bloc, R0, and curative resection rates for ESD were 100.0%, 90.2%, and 76.1%, respectively. At 12 months, the complete response rate was comparable between the two groups (94.6% vs 90.9%, p=0.748). During a median follow-up of 66 months, recurrence-free survival was significantly longer in the ESD group than in the ERFA group (p=0.004), while no significant differences in overall survival (p=0.845) and disease-specific survival (p=0.494) were observed.Preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.55; vs high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Significantly fewer patients in the ERFA group experienced stenosis compare to ESD group (15.2% vs 38.0%, p=0.016). Conclusions The risk of recurrence was higher for ERFA than ESD for ESCN but overall survival was not affected. The risk of esophageal stenosis was significantly lower for patients who underwent ERFA.

Background/Aims: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) is a treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), with a relatively low risk of stenosis; however, the long-term outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with widespread superficial ESCN who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or ERFA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with superficial ESCN who underwent ESD or ERFA between January 2015 and December 2021. The primary outcome measure was recurrence-free survival. Results: Ninety-two and 33 patients with superficial ESCN underwent ESD and ERFA, respectively. The en bloc, R0, and curative resection rates for ESD were 100.0%, 90.2%, and 76.1%, respectively. At 12 months, the complete response rate was comparable between the two groups (94.6% vs 90.9%, p=0.748). During a median follow-up of 66 months, recurrence-free survival was significantly longer in the ESD group than in the ERFA group (p=0.004), while no significant differences in overall survival (p=0.845) and disease-specific survival (p=0.494) were observed.Preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.55; vs high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Significantly fewer patients in the ERFA group experienced stenosis compare to ESD group (15.2% vs 38.0%, p=0.016). Conclusions The risk of recurrence was higher for ERFA than ESD for ESCN but overall survival was not affected. The risk of esophageal stenosis was significantly lower for patients who underwent ERFA.

Background/Aims: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) is a treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), with a relatively low risk of stenosis; however, the long-term outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with widespread superficial ESCN who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or ERFA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with superficial ESCN who underwent ESD or ERFA between January 2015 and December 2021. The primary outcome measure was recurrence-free survival. Results: Ninety-two and 33 patients with superficial ESCN underwent ESD and ERFA, respectively. The en bloc, R0, and curative resection rates for ESD were 100.0%, 90.2%, and 76.1%, respectively. At 12 months, the complete response rate was comparable between the two groups (94.6% vs 90.9%, p=0.748). During a median follow-up of 66 months, recurrence-free survival was significantly longer in the ESD group than in the ERFA group (p=0.004), while no significant differences in overall survival (p=0.845) and disease-specific survival (p=0.494) were observed.Preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.55; vs high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Significantly fewer patients in the ERFA group experienced stenosis compare to ESD group (15.2% vs 38.0%, p=0.016). Conclusions The risk of recurrence was higher for ERFA than ESD for ESCN but overall survival was not affected. The risk of esophageal stenosis was significantly lower for patients who underwent ERFA.

Background/Aims: Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation (ERFA) is a treatment option for superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN), with a relatively low risk of stenosis; however, the long-term outcomes remain unclear. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with widespread superficial ESCN who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or ERFA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with superficial ESCN who underwent ESD or ERFA between January 2015 and December 2021. The primary outcome measure was recurrence-free survival. Results: Ninety-two and 33 patients with superficial ESCN underwent ESD and ERFA, respectively. The en bloc, R0, and curative resection rates for ESD were 100.0%, 90.2%, and 76.1%, respectively. At 12 months, the complete response rate was comparable between the two groups (94.6% vs 90.9%, p=0.748). During a median follow-up of 66 months, recurrence-free survival was significantly longer in the ESD group than in the ERFA group (p=0.004), while no significant differences in overall survival (p=0.845) and disease-specific survival (p=0.494) were observed.Preoperative diagnosis of intramucosal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.55; vs high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) was an independent predictor of recurrence. Significantly fewer patients in the ERFA group experienced stenosis compare to ESD group (15.2% vs 38.0%, p=0.016). Conclusions The risk of recurrence was higher for ERFA than ESD for ESCN but overall survival was not affected. The risk of esophageal stenosis was significantly lower for patients who underwent ERFA.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different storage temperatures and durations on the activities of coagulation factor Ⅷ (Factor Ⅷ, FⅧ) and coagulation factor Ⅸ (Factor Ⅸ, FⅨ) after whole blood collection, so as to provide data support for the optimal storage conditions. Methods: A total of 16 mL of whole blood was collected from each of the 20 healthy volunteers at our blood center and aliquoted into 8 sodium citrate anticoagulant tubes. Two tubes were immediately centrifuged for the measurement of FⅧ and FⅨ activity levels. The remaining 6 tubes of whole blood were respectively stored under room temperature and low-temperature conditions. At 2, 4, and 6 h, the whole blood samples were centrifuged and analyzed for FⅧ and FⅨ activity levels. The mean values of the two immediately tested tubes were used as the control group, while other tubes were designated as the experimental groups for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: The activity of FⅧ in whole blood remained stable after 4 hours of storage at both room temperature and low temperature (116.53±25.95 vs 125.22±27.33, 109.77±23.23 vs 125.22±27.33) (P>0.05 for both). However, by 6 hours, FⅧ activity showed a statistically significant decline compared to the control group (108.65±22.92 vs 125.22±27.33, 100.46±20.19 vs 125.22±27.33) (P<0.05 for both), though the room temperature group results were closer to the control values. The activity of FⅨ in whole blood remained stable after 6 hours of storage under both conditions (97.14±19.48 vs 96.76±19.67, 97.10±17.45 vs 96.76±19.6) (P>0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusion: For whole blood samples after collection, storage at either room temperature or low temperature for up to 4 hours does not compromise the accuracy of test results. When stored for 6 hours, FⅨ activity remains stable, whereas FⅧ activity decreases significantly. Notably, FⅧ activity demonstrates better stability at room temperature than under low-temperature conditions within the 6-hour storage.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and disease severity and pathological type of intestinal polyps in inpatients. Methods The data of 303 inpatients with intestinal polyps in the hospital from August 2022 to February 2025 were collected and analyzed. The clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed, and the influencing factors of pathological types of polyps were explored. Results Among the 303 inpatients with intestinal polyps, there were 135 Hp positive cases and 168 Hp negative cases. The number of polyps, maximum polyp diameter, number of ileocecus/ascending colon/transverse colon polyps, number of descending colon/sigmoid colon/rectal polyps and adenomatous polyps in the Hp-positive group were higher than those in the Hp-negative group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age [OR (95%CI)=1.03 (1.01-1.05)] and positive Hp[OR (95%CI)=2.61 (1.62-4.20)] were independent risk factors of occurrence of adenomatous polyps (P<0.05). ROC curve results revealed that the AUCs of age, positive HP and combination in the diagnosis of adenomatous polyps were 0.574, 0.608 and 0.646, and the 95%CI values were 0.509-0.638, 0.545-0.672 and 0.584-0.708 respectively. The efficiency of combination of the two indexes was higher than that of single diagnosis. Conclusion Hp infection is associated with disease severity in inpatients with intestinal polyps, and it may be involved in the occurrence and development of adenomatous polyps.

Objective: To analyze the unregistered treatment situation and its influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2017 to 2023, so as to provide a basis for promoting the management of tuberculosis patients and optimizing disease prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data of pulmonary tuberculosis patients including demographic information, etiological results, and mortality status were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System Infectious Disease Reporting and Surveillance System and the Tuberculosis Management Information System. Pulmonary tuberculosis patients not matched in the Tuberculosis Management Information System were defined as unregistered treatment patients, and the unregistered treatment rate was analyzed. Factors affecting unregistered treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 10 779 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were reported in Quzhou City from 2017 to 2023, including 7 700 males (71.44%) and 3 079 females (28.56%). There were 5 484 cases aged <65 years, accounting for 50.88%. Among them, 630 cases were unregistered treatment, with an unregistered treatment rate of 5.84% (95%CI: 5.42%-6.38%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged ≥65 years (OR=1.829, 95%CI: 1.512-2.212) had a higher risk of being unregistered treatment than those aged <65 years; patients with non-local household registration (OR=5.710, 95%CI: 4.724-6.901) had a higher risk than local patients; and patients engaged in housework/unemployed (OR=2.001, 95%CI: 1.421-2.818) or other occupations (OR=2.396, 95%CI: 1.789-3.137) had a higher risk than farmers. The mortality of unregistered treatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients was higher than the registered treatment patients (26.67% vs. 5.02%),with a significantly elevated mortality risk (OR=7.147, 95%CI: 5.738-8.902). Conclusions The unregistered treatment rate among pulmonary tuberculosis patients was well controlled in Quzhou City from 2017 to 2023, but the elderly, patients with non-local household registration, and those engaged in housework/unemployed had a higher risk of unregistered treatment. It is recommended to improve medical and social security policies, strengthen health education on tuberculosis prevention, enhance treatment adherence, and reduce mortality risk.

Objective To investigate the effects of sufentanil on myocardial cells and renal function in rat models of non-stopping coronary artery bypass grafting.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham group(only thoracectomy without coronary artery ligation),model group(ischemia perfusion model was constructed),experimental-L group(ischemia perfusion model+0.5 μg·kg-1 sufentanil)and experimental-H group(ischemia perfusion model+1μg·kg-1 sufentanil).The mice were sacrificed 6 h after operation.The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in cardiomyocytes and renal cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins in cardiomyocytes and renal cells were detected by Western blot.Serum renal function was detected with serum renal function kit.Results The expression levels of TNF-α in myocardial cells were(50.41±6.03),(136.61±21.73),(102.36±12.84)and(74.21±16.32)pg·mg-1 in sham group,model group,experimental-L group and experimental-H group,respectively;the expression levels of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(Caspase-3)were 0.31±0.02,1.26±0.18,0.83±0.12 and 0.67±0.08,respectively;blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels were(5.94±1.12),(20.04±5.36),(16.84±4.19)and(10.96±3.64)μmol·L-1,respectively;the expression levels of TNF-α in renal cells were(146.49±16.13),(1 023.82±34.69),(841.65±49.66)and(324.84±48.93)pg·mg-1,respectively;the expression levels of Caspase-3 in renal cells were 0.48±0.06,1.15±0.17,0.96±0.06 and 0.74±0.07,respectively.The difference between experimental-H group and sham group,model group and experimental-L group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Sufentanil can significantly reduce the production of inflammatory factors and the expression of apoptotic proteins in rat cardiomyocytes,significantly improve the renal function of rats,and significantly reduce the production of inflammatory factors and the expression of apoptotic proteins in rat renal cells.

Objective To establish a population pharmacokinetic(PPK)model of duloxetine in Chinese subjects.Methods Based on the data of intensive sampling of duloxetine hydrochloride enteric coated tablets in 36 healthy subjects after single/multiple administrations,a PPK model of duloxetine was established using NONMEM software.The effects of gender,age,body weight,albumin,serum creatinine,glutamic pyruvic transaminase and dose on pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated by stepwise forward and backward methods.Model validation includes goodness of fit,visual prediction check and bootstrap.Results The PPK model of duloxetine was a one compartment model with first-order elimination and the absorption characteristics were described by the transit model,and the dose was a covariate of clearance.The inter-individual variability of clearance,volume of distribution,mean transit time and number of transit compartments were 54.71％,56.86％,27.30％and 87.71％,respectively.Conclusion The transit model more reasonably describes the absorption characteristics of duloxetine in Chinese subjects.