The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is complex.Autophagy plays a pivotal role in the development of DCM,and whether its level is stable or not is closely related to the development of the course of DCM.Numerous active components found in traditional Chinese medicines and compound formulations have demonstrated the ability to modulate autophagy levels.These interventions occur through various mechanisms,such as hypoglycemic,anti-apoptotic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-oxidative stress pathways.By mitigating autophagy-induced myocardial damage,enhancing cardiac function,and slowing the progression of DCM,these compounds offer promising avenues for DCM management.This paper aims to consolidate and present research findings from the last 5 years.Our goal is to provide valuable insights and references for the research,development,and clinical application of Chinese medicine in the context of combating DCM.

ObjectiveTo identify and clarify the key issues faced by tertiary hospitals in responding to public health emergencies. MethodsA literature review index system was constructed， and key issues were identified using hierarchical analysis. ResultsAfter a systematic literature review， 20 types of problems faced by tertiary hospitals in responding to public health emergencies were identified. Three key issues were ultimately identified by prioritizing the issues that needed to be addressed. ConclusionThe key issues of tertiary hospitals in responding to public health emergencies are concentrated in the areas of emergency response capabilities and competencies of medical staff， the number of emergency response personnel， and the standardization and specificity of training and drills. Tertiary hospitals should focus on these issues in developing public health emergency response systems to improve the effectiveness of their emergency response.

ObjectiveTo identify the key issues in emergency response to public health emergencies in the Yangtze River Delta region， and to provide a basis for the formulation of relevant policies. MethodLiterature on emergency response to public health emergencies in the Yangtze River Delta region was systematically reviewed and collected， and 18 main problems were identified after collecting and organizing the problems. A questionnaire survey and cluster analysis were used to identify the key issues. ResultsThe study of 18 major problems revealed that "insufficient reserve of emergency medical supplies"， "insufficient financial investment to meet the needs of emergency response"， "lack of a sound mechanism for the deployment of supplies， resulting in the untimely deployment of materials"， were the key issues of emergency response to public health emergencies in the Yangtze River Delta region. ConclusionFuture development of the emergency response system in the Yangtze River Delta region should focus on accelerating the integration process of the Yangtze River Delta， establishing and improving information systems， optimizing the material storage and deployment network， prioritizing the fund investment and utilization mechanism， and improving the effectiveness of public health emergency response.

Acupuncture, a therapeutic treatment defined as the insertion of needles into the body at specific points (ie, acupoints), has growing in popularity world-wide to treat various diseases effectively, especially acute and chronic pain. In parallel, interest in the physiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia, particularly the neural mechanisms have been increasing. Over the past decades, our understanding of how the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system process signals induced by acupuncture has developed rapidly by using electrophysiological methods. However, with the development of neuroscience, electrophysiology is being challenged by calcium imaging in view field, neuron population and visualization in vivo. Owing to the outstanding spatial resolution, the novel imaging approaches provide opportunities to enrich our knowledge about the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia at subcellular, cellular, and circuit levels in combination with new labeling, genetic and circuit tracing techniques. Therefore, this review will introduce the principle and the method of calcium imaging applied to acupuncture research. We will also review the current findings in pain research using calcium imaging from in vitro to in vivo experiments and discuss the potential methodological considerations in studying acupuncture analgesia.
Calcium ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Analgesia/methods* ; Acupuncture Points ; Technology

OBJECTIVE To establish a research indicator evaluation system suitable for pharmaceutical personnel in children’s hospitals， and provide technical support and reference basis for the evaluation of scientific research capabilities of pharmacy personnel. METHODS The literature/text research methods were adopted to search related literature， policies， regulations and research reports of scientific research management； brainstorming method was used to sort out the key elements and decompose the indicators at all levels step by step. On this basis， using the method of expert interview， the key elements were clarified， the three- level index evaluation system was preliminarily drawn up， and the letter inquiry paper was made accordingly. Finally， Delphi method was used to establish the evaluation system of scientific research indicators for pharmacists through three screening criteria [importance assignment＞3.5， coefficient of variation＜25%， and unimportant percentage （including unimportant and very unimportant）＜50%]. RESULTS Overall 36 questionnaires were distributed by two rounds of expert letters， and 36 questionnaires were recovered， with a recovery rate and an effective rate of 100% for both rounds. The average expert judgment coefficient was 0.912， the average expert familiarity level was 0.747， and the average expert authority coefficient was 0.830. After the second round of letters and inquiries， the values of Kendall’s W of the first-level， the second-level and the third-level indicators were 0.269， 0.379 and 0.460， which were significantly higher than the results of the first round of inquiry （P＜0.01）. Finally， the evaluation system of scientific research indicators for pharmacists was determined with 4 first-level indicators， 18 second-level indicators and 62 third-level indicators. CONCLUSIONS The pharmaceutical experts from the children’s hospital selected in this study have high authority and wide professional coverage； the evaluation system of scientific research indicators for pharmacists has certain standards and norms， which can provide a powerful reference for the professional level assessment and scientific research ability evaluation of pharmacists.

OBJECTIVE To improve the quality evaluation method of Platycodonis Radix, to study the differences in the quality of three-years-old Platycodonis Radix under different harvesting periods, and to determine the optimal harvesting period of Platycodonis Radix. METHODS The leachate, ash, moisture, refractive index and the content of six saponins were used as the quality evaluation indexes. The differences between the herbs of Platycodonis Radix at different harvesting periods were characterized with the help of mathematical and statistical methods. And link the entropy weight method, gray correlation analysis and TOPSIS method were combined to obtain the statistical analysis of the relevant indexes and the quality ranking information of the herbs in different harvesting periods. RESULTS There were significant differences between the quality evaluation indexes of three-years-old Platycodonis Radix at different harvesting periods. The added multi-indicator testing had improved the quality evaluation system of Platycodonis Radix and enhanced the "Drug properties-Effectiveness" linkage of the herbs. And the results of the comprehensive quality evaluation model showed that the herbs harvested around October 21 (Frost’s Descent) were ranked best in terms of comprehensive index. CONCLUSION In order to ensure the quality of Platycodonis Radix, the best harvesting period for three-years-old Platycodonis Radix is determined around the "Frost’s Descent" season, taking into account the characteristics of the herbs' appearance and the material basis of herbs.

Sesquiterpenes are natural terpenoids with 15 carbon atoms in the basic skeleton, which mainly exist in plant volatile oil and have important physiological and medicinal value. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a kind of monooxygenase encoded by supergene family, which is one of the largest gene families in plants. It is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of terpenoids, alkaloids and other secondary metabolites. In the process of terpene biosynthesis, CYP450 participates in the post-modification stage of terpenes by introducing functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl, which plays an important role in enriching the diversity of terpenes. The CYP450 enzymes involved in sesquiterpene synthesis and their substrate catalytic specificity mechanisms have been partially investigated. In this paper, the biosynthetic pathway of plant sesquiterpenes, the structure and classification of CYP450 enzymes were briefly introduced, and the CYP450 enzymes involved in sesquiterpene biosynthesis were summarized, in order to provide a reference for intensive study of the role of CYP450 enzymes in the synthesis of sesquiterpenoids.

AIM:To investigate the effect of conditioned medium from hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)-treated rat cardiac fibroblasts(CFs)on gap junction between cardiomyocytes and determine whether its mechanism is related to matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2)activity.METHODS:(1)H9c2 cells were randomly divided into five groups:con-trol group,normal group,ARP-100 group,H/R group,and H/R+ARP-100 group.Scrape loading/dye transfer assay was used to assess the gap junction function.Western blot was used to detect the expression and phosphorylation levels of Cx43.Gelatin zymography assay was performed to measure MMP2 activity.(2)SD rats were randomly divided into control group,ARP-100 group,ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)group,and I/R+ARP-100 group,with 8 rats in each group.Micro-electrode array technology was used to record the type and duration of arrhythmia.Immunohistochemistry experiment was performed to assess expression levels and distribution of Cx43 in myocardial tissues.RESULTS:Compared with the con-trol group,the H/R group showed decreased protein expression of Cx43(P＜0.01),narrowed distance of lucifer yellow dif-fusion(P＜0.01),and increased MMP2 activity(P＜0.01).ARP-100 attenuated H/R-induced gap junction dysfunction(P＜0.05).The arrhythmia score was also reduced after perfusion with ARP-100(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:H/R-treated rat CFs can inhibit gap junction between cardiomyocytes,and its mechanism may involve increased MMP2 activity.

Objective To explore the effects of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)HEM2M overexpression on liver injury in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods Wild-type C57BL/6(WT)mice and myeloid cell-specific HEM2M knock-in(MYKI)mice were fed normal(ND)or high-fat diet(HFD)for 12 weeks.After intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests,the mice were euthanized for detection of liver function indicators in the serum and liver tissue.HE staining and F4/80 immunohistochemical staining were used to examine liver pathologies,and the levels of IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α in the liver tissues were determined with ELISA.The mRNA expressions of HEM2M and the markers of M1 macrophages(TNF-α,iNOS,and IL-6)and M2 macrophages(Arg-1,YM-1,and IL-10)were detected using qRT-PCR,and the protein expressions of P-AKT,T-AKT,NLRC4,caspase-1 and GSDMD were assayed using immunoblotting.Caspase-1 activity in the liver tissues was determined with colorimetric measurement and immunofluorescence assay.Results Compared with HFD-fed WT mice,MYKI mice with HFD feeding showed milder liver function damage(P<0.01),alleviated hepatic steatosis,and reduced liver macrophage infiltration,glucose tolerance impairment and insulin resistance(P<0.01).The levels of IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α and mRNA expressions of M1 type macrophage markers were significantly decreased(P<0.01)and those of M2 type markers increased(P<0.01)in the liver tissues of HFD-fed MYKI mice,which also showed reduced NLRC4 inflammasome activity,caspase-1 activation,and GSDMD-N protein expression compared with their WT counterparts(P<0.05).Conclusion Overexpression of HEM2M reduces the production of hepatic inflammatory factors,improves insulin resistance and inhibits hepatic NLRC4 inflammasome activation,which leads to reduced hepatic pyroptosis and liver injury in NAFLD mice.

Objective:To construct a remote screening network for breast cancer based on automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and explore the value of ABUS with remote reading for breast cancer screening.Methods:We constructed a remote breast cancer screening network including one remote reading center and 48 image-acquisition centers. We recruited women to participate in breast cancer screening at one of these image-acquisition centers from January 2021 to January 2023. The technicians collected the whole breast images using the ABUS. The images were then sent to the reading center through the PVBUS System and interpreted independently by two radiologists using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). BI-RADS categories 1 and 2 indicate negative screening results, and women diagnosed with these categories were recommended for annual breast ultrasound screening. BI-RADS categories 3, 4, and 5 indicate positive results. Women with BI-RADS category 3 lesions were recommended for follow-up examinations every 6 months using ABUS or handheld ultrasound, while those with BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions were suggested to undergo pathological examinations.Results:In our study, we enrolled 10 344 women who completed the ABUS screening and were followed up for more than 12 months. After remote reading, 6 164 women were diagnosed with BI-RADS category 1 and 2 626 woman were within BI-RADS category 2. In contrast, 1 404 women were within BI-RADS category 3, a total of 135 women were within BI-RADS category 4, and 15 women were within BI-RADS category 5. The positive screening rate of ABUS was 15.0% (1 554/10 344). The ABUS with remote reading had a detection rate of 3.7/1 000 (38/10 344) for breast cancer screening, with a sensitivity of 97.4% (38/39) and a specificity of 85.3% (8 789/10 305). Among the 38 breast cancer cases detected, 92.1% (35/38) were invasive carcinomas, and 63.2% (24/38) were stage 0 or Ⅰ breast cancers.Conclusions:Breast cancer screening based on ABUS with remote reading provided an efficient and feasible solution to the problem of unevenly distributed medical resources and medical staff levels in various regions of China, enabling the decentralization of high-quality medical resources and improving the accessibility of high-quality screening services. It has provided an alternative for breast cancer screening in China.