Widespread utilization of glyphosate has led to environmental residues,posing potential threats to ecological systems and human health.Traditional methods for detection of glyphosate are limited by specialized equipment and operational techniques,resulting in inefficient responses.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a convenient,sensitive and accurate detection method for detection of glyphosate.Herein,a new naphthalenesulfonamide-based"Turn-on"fluorescent probe was synthesized using 2-chloroaniline and dansyl chloride as raw materials through a one-step process,which showed a good linear relationship between the glyphosate concentration in concentration range of 0.003-70 μmol/L and the fluorescence intensity(R2=0.995),with a detection limit of 2.73 nmol/L(S/N=3).Analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)were used to investigate the interaction mechanism between the fluorescent probe and glyphosate.The results indicated that a nucleophilic substitution reaction occurred between the probe and the secondary amine(—NH—)of glyphosate,inducing a photoinduced electron transfer(PET)effect which enhanced the fluorescence intensity by 11.2 times.The probe showed good anti-interference ability towards coexisting metal ions,anions and pesticides in water.When applied to determination of glyphosate in the samples such as tap water,river water(Xiangxi River Reservoir),soil,soybeans,and corn,the spiking recoveries ranged from 94.7％to 109.9％,demonstrating the high accuracy and broad applicability of this detection method.A portable test strip based on this fluorescent probe was developed for rapid semi-quantitative analysis of glyphosate.The developed method was rapid,sensitive,and portable,providing theoretical and technical support for on-site measurement of environmental contaminants.

The objective assessment of hearing loss is one of the critical components in forensic clini-cal research.Auditory brainstem response(ABR)is an important method for objectively assessing hearing levels.It is divided into various types based on different stimulus signals,each with its own characteris-tics and applications.Among them,narrow-band Chirp ABR,due to its frequency specificity,fulfills the basic requirements for objective assessment of forensic audiology,promising to be an important method of objective hearing assessment in forensic medicine.This article reviews the development history,charac-teristics and clinical applications of Chirp ABR,and envisions its application prospects in forensic audi-tory identification.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with half-dose recombinant staphylokinase(r-SAK)in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)who are expected to undergo PCI within 120 minutes.Methods From October 2021 to August 2022,a total of 200 STEMI patients in eight centers were included and randomly assigned in a 1﹕1 ratio to either r-SAK group or control group.Patients received loading doses of aspirin and ticagrelor and intravenous heparin and were randomized to receive an intravenous bolus of either 5 mg r-SAK or normal saline prior to PCI.The outcomes were set as ST-segment resolution(STR)at 60-90 minutes after PCI,the proportion and transition of pathological Q waves on the 5th day after PCI,and the proportion of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT)peaking within 12 hours of onset.The safety outcome was major bleeding events defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)≥type 3 bleeding during hospitalization.Results Compared with the control group,the r-SAK group had a higher proportion of STR≥70%within 60-90 minutes after PCI(58.3%vs.40.3%,P=0.009);a lower proportion of pathological Q waves(59.1%vs.74.1%,P=0.040);a lower rate of Q wave progression(14.8%vs.43.2%,P＜0.001);a higher rate of Q wave disappearance(12.5%vs.3.7%,P=0.027);and a higher proportion of hs-cTnT peaking within 12 hours of symptom onset[31/40(77.5%)vs.17/33(51.5%),P=0.027].Regarding the safety outcome,no significant difference in BARC≥type 3 bleeding was found between the two groups during hospitalization(P＞0.05).Conclusions For STEMI patients who were expected to undergo primary PCI within 120 minutes of symptom onset,the facilitated PCI with half-dose r-SAK significantly increased the proportion of STR≥70%at 60-90 minutes after PCI,reduced the formation of pathological Q waves,and shortened the time to peak hs-cTnT,without increasing the risk of bleeding,which should be an alternative reperfusion strategy worthy of further study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(CIR)injury on glucuronidation of IMM-H004 in the brain.METHODS IMM-H004,a neuroprotective agent,underwent glucuronidation primarily mediated by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases(UGT)to form IMM-H004G,which was subsequently hydrolyzed back to IMM-H004 by β-glucuronidase.① Cellular experiments:human glial cells(HEB)and human neuroblastoma cells(SH-SY5Y)cell lines were assigned to two groups:a normal control group and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)model group.An OGD/R model was established by subjecting the cells to one-hour oxygen-glucose deprivation,followed by reoxygenation.Cell viability was assessed using the methylthiazolyldi-phenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.The mRNA levels of UGT and its regulatory factor,nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2),were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).The content of IMM-H004G glucuronidated from IMM-H004,and the content of IMM-H004 hydrolyzed from IMM-H004G were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).② Animal experiments:Male SD rats were randomly assigned to three groups:a normal control group,a CIR model group,and a sham operation group.Rats in the normal control group received no surgical interventions while those in the CIR model group underwent four-vessel occlusion surgery to induce acute CIR injury.Rats in the sham operation group was treated the same way as the CIR model group except for the four-vessel occlusion.The activities of UGT and β-glucuronidase in brain tissues were determined by LC-MS/MS.IMM-H004 was administered via intracerebroventricular injec-tion,and the concentrations of IMM-H004 and IMM-H004G in different regions of the brain were deter-mined using LC-MS/MS to investigate the impact of CIR injury on IMM-H004 metabolism.RESULTS① Cellular experiments:Compared with the control group,OGD/R injury reduced the viability of HEB and SH-SY5Y cells to 72.30%and 53.56%,respectively.In HEB cells,OGD/R injury significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of UGT1A1,UGT1A7 and UGT1A8,resulting in a reduction of IMM-H004G production to 50.05%-68.95%of the normal level,while hydrolytic metabolism remained unaf-fected.No significant changes were observed in SH-SY5Y cells.②Animal experiments:CIR injury had no impact on the activity of UGT or β-glucuronidase in rat brain tissues.In addition,the distribution of IMM-H004 and IMM-H004G across different brain regions remained unchanged.CONCLUSION These findings show that OGD/R injury reduces UGT-mediated glucuronidation of IMM-H004,whereas CIR injury does not significantly affect its metabolism in the brain,suggesting the presence of compen-satory mechanisms in brain tissues that help maintain drug homeostasis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(CIR)injury on glucuronidation of IMM-H004 in the brain.METHODS IMM-H004,a neuroprotective agent,underwent glucuronidation primarily mediated by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases(UGT)to form IMM-H004G,which was subsequently hydrolyzed back to IMM-H004 by β-glucuronidase.① Cellular experiments:human glial cells(HEB)and human neuroblastoma cells(SH-SY5Y)cell lines were assigned to two groups:a normal control group and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)model group.An OGD/R model was established by subjecting the cells to one-hour oxygen-glucose deprivation,followed by reoxygenation.Cell viability was assessed using the methylthiazolyldi-phenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.The mRNA levels of UGT and its regulatory factor,nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2),were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).The content of IMM-H004G glucuronidated from IMM-H004,and the content of IMM-H004 hydrolyzed from IMM-H004G were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).② Animal experiments:Male SD rats were randomly assigned to three groups:a normal control group,a CIR model group,and a sham operation group.Rats in the normal control group received no surgical interventions while those in the CIR model group underwent four-vessel occlusion surgery to induce acute CIR injury.Rats in the sham operation group was treated the same way as the CIR model group except for the four-vessel occlusion.The activities of UGT and β-glucuronidase in brain tissues were determined by LC-MS/MS.IMM-H004 was administered via intracerebroventricular injec-tion,and the concentrations of IMM-H004 and IMM-H004G in different regions of the brain were deter-mined using LC-MS/MS to investigate the impact of CIR injury on IMM-H004 metabolism.RESULTS① Cellular experiments:Compared with the control group,OGD/R injury reduced the viability of HEB and SH-SY5Y cells to 72.30%and 53.56%,respectively.In HEB cells,OGD/R injury significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of UGT1A1,UGT1A7 and UGT1A8,resulting in a reduction of IMM-H004G production to 50.05%-68.95%of the normal level,while hydrolytic metabolism remained unaf-fected.No significant changes were observed in SH-SY5Y cells.②Animal experiments:CIR injury had no impact on the activity of UGT or β-glucuronidase in rat brain tissues.In addition,the distribution of IMM-H004 and IMM-H004G across different brain regions remained unchanged.CONCLUSION These findings show that OGD/R injury reduces UGT-mediated glucuronidation of IMM-H004,whereas CIR injury does not significantly affect its metabolism in the brain,suggesting the presence of compen-satory mechanisms in brain tissues that help maintain drug homeostasis.

Objective:To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of local anesthesia and spinal anesthesia for the patients with varicocele(VC)who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy(MV).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of VC patients who underwent MV treatment at the Andrology Department of the Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to March 2023.Cases with complete clinical data and follow-up evaluation were selected and divided into a control group(spinal anesthesia)and an observation group(local anesthesia)according to different anesthesia methods.The surgical time(including anesthesia time),visual analogue scale(VAS)score for pain,hospital stay,treatment cost,sperm concentration,for-ward motile sperm rate,and normal sperm morphology rate after three months of surgery,as well as postoperative complications and re-currence rate were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 107 eligible cases were included,with 56 cases in the con-trol group and 51 cases in the observation group.There was no significant difference in the VAS score for pain during and after four hours of surgery,as well as postoperative complications,and recurrence rate between the two groups(P＞0.05).There was an signif-icant increase in sperm concentration,forward motile sperm rate,and normal sperm morphology rate in both of two groups after three months of surgery(P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference between the two groups three months after surgery(P＞0.05).The surgical time and hospital stay were shorter than those of the control group(P＜0.05).And the treatment cost in observa-tion group was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Both local anesthesia and lumbar anesthesia for MV treatment of VC have good efficacy and safety.However,patients treated with MV under local anesthesia for VC have obvious advanta-ges in terms of operation time(including anesthesia time),hospital stay,and treatment cost,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with half-dose recombinant staphylokinase(r-SAK)in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)who are expected to undergo PCI within 120 minutes.Methods From October 2021 to August 2022,a total of 200 STEMI patients in eight centers were included and randomly assigned in a 1﹕1 ratio to either r-SAK group or control group.Patients received loading doses of aspirin and ticagrelor and intravenous heparin and were randomized to receive an intravenous bolus of either 5 mg r-SAK or normal saline prior to PCI.The outcomes were set as ST-segment resolution(STR)at 60-90 minutes after PCI,the proportion and transition of pathological Q waves on the 5th day after PCI,and the proportion of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T(hs-cTnT)peaking within 12 hours of onset.The safety outcome was major bleeding events defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium(BARC)≥type 3 bleeding during hospitalization.Results Compared with the control group,the r-SAK group had a higher proportion of STR≥70%within 60-90 minutes after PCI(58.3%vs.40.3%,P=0.009);a lower proportion of pathological Q waves(59.1%vs.74.1%,P=0.040);a lower rate of Q wave progression(14.8%vs.43.2%,P＜0.001);a higher rate of Q wave disappearance(12.5%vs.3.7%,P=0.027);and a higher proportion of hs-cTnT peaking within 12 hours of symptom onset[31/40(77.5%)vs.17/33(51.5%),P=0.027].Regarding the safety outcome,no significant difference in BARC≥type 3 bleeding was found between the two groups during hospitalization(P＞0.05).Conclusions For STEMI patients who were expected to undergo primary PCI within 120 minutes of symptom onset,the facilitated PCI with half-dose r-SAK significantly increased the proportion of STR≥70%at 60-90 minutes after PCI,reduced the formation of pathological Q waves,and shortened the time to peak hs-cTnT,without increasing the risk of bleeding,which should be an alternative reperfusion strategy worthy of further study.

The n-butanol fraction of Alpinia oxyphylla Fructus 70% ethanol extract was separated and purified using column chromatography with MCI Gel CHP-20, Sephadex LH-20, ODS, and silica gel, combined with semi preparative liquid phase and TLC separation methods. One new halogenated 4,5-seco-eudesmane sesquiterpenoid and two new eremophilane sesquiterpenoids were isolated and purified from the n-butanol fraction of Alpinia oxyphylla Fructus. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified using modern spectroscopic methods (1D, 2D NMR, UV, IR, MS, etc.), and the absolute configuration of the new compounds were determined using the methods of calculated ECD and induced ECD.

Objective To provide a reference for visual assessment in complex ocular trauma by studying the characteristics of visual evoked potential(VEP)in patients with different degrees of ocular trauma.Methods Based on the severity of ocular trauma,231 patients with monocular visual impairment were selected and divided into groups A(no open surgery,relatively mild injury),B(open surgery,which may have a certain impact on the visual acuity after recovery)and C(multiple open surgeries,mul-tiple intraocular surgeries or further treatment after surgery,and serious impact on the visual acuity af-ter recovery).At the same time,according to the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)after recovery,they were divided into four grades:Ⅰ,visual<4.0;Ⅱ,4.0≤visual acuity<4.5;Ⅲ,4.5≤visual acuity<4.7;Ⅳ,visual acuity≥4.7.The pattern visual evoked potential(PVEP)of these patients with stable vi-sual acuity was collected,and the amplitude and peak time of P100 wave stimulated at 1° and 15′spatial frequency were recorded.The correlations between the characteristics of VEP and the degree of ocular trauma in different groups were evaluated,and the data of abnormal peak time and amplitude in each group were analyzed.Results The P100 amplitude of injured eyes measured at 1° and 15′spatial frequency in group C was significantly different from those in groups A and B(P<0.05).The number of abnormal P100 amplitudes measured in group C under 15′ spatial frequency stimulation was statistically significant compared to groups A and B(P<0.05).The P100 amplitudes of the injured and healthy eyes in grades Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed significant statistical differences(P<0.05).There was a correlation(P<0.05)between the grouping of injured eyes and the visual acuity grading after recovery(r=-0.488).Conclusion The PVEP can be used to distinguish between groups A and C,groups B and C with different degrees of eye trauma,but it cannot distinguish between group A and B at the 1° and 15′ spatial frequency stimulation.The abnormality of the P100 amplitudes after eye trauma can provide a certain basis for the visual evaluation of patients with different degrees of ocular trauma.

Quercetin can mediate the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways to prevent osteoporosis(OP).This paper comprehensively discusses the interrelationship between MAPK and osteoporosis-related cells based on the latest domestic and international research.Additionally,it elucidates the research progress of quercetin in mediating the MAPK signaling pathway for OP prevention.The aim is to provide an effective foundation for the clinical prevention and treatment of OP and the in-depth development of quercetin.