Objective To understand the status of body image disturbance and its influencing factors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical management of AS. Methods A total of 353 AS patients admitted from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected as research subjects. Chinese version of Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) was used to investigate the body image disturbance in AS patients. Single factor analysis was performed by t test and analysis of variance, and multiple factors were analyzed by multivariate linear regression. Results The total score of BIDQ in 342 AS patients was (25.01±4.22). Multivariate linear regression analysis results showed that self-paid medical expense, nighttime VAS score and negative emotion PANAS score could positively predict body image disturbance in AS patients (standardized regression coefficient=0.413, 0.413, 0.460, P<0.05), and PSSS score, positive emotion PANAS score and exercise management CDSSM score could negatively predict body image disturbance (standardized regression coefficient=-0.245, -0.134, -0.247, P<0.05). Conclusion The body image disturbance in AS patients is worthy of clinical attention. Nighttime pain, negative emotion and self-paid medical treatment can increase the risk of body image disturbance. Positive emotion, social support and high self-management level of exercise behavior can reduce the formation of body image disturbance, which can provide new ideas for clinical management of AS patients.

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in child-hood,characterized by persistent social communication deficits and restricted,repetitive patterns of behavior.In recent years,its global prevalence has shown a continuous upward trend.However,there remains a lack of effective treatments capable of improving brain function in ASD.This article systematically reviews the mechanisms,clinical efficacy,and safety of HBOT in ASD,while exploring its potential therapeutic value.Research indicates that HBOT exerts its effects through the following mechanisms:enhancing plasma oxygen saturation,thereby improving oxygen supply to ischemic brain regions;inhibiting microglial activation,reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels;modulating gut microbiota homeostasis,restoring brain-gut axis dysfunction.Clinical studies demonstrate that when HBOT is combined with Applied Behavior Analysis(ABA),it significantly reduces behavioral scale scores in children with ASD while improving their social interaction,self-care abilities,and verbal communication.Additionally,HBOT positively regulates oxidative stress markers and enhances perfusion in specific brain regions.Regarding safety,strict adherence to operational protocols minimizes the risk of adverse effects(e.g.,baro-trauma).This review provides evidence-based support for the standardized application of HBOT in ASD.Future re-search should focus on optimizing treatment protocols(e.g.,pressure and oxygen concentration parameters)and evaluating long-term efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mild moxibustion on transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)channel expression in primary dysmenorrhea(PD)rats and explore its mechanism in alleviating central pain sensitization.Methods:Thirty-two female non-pregnant Wistar rats were randomized into a blank group,a model group,a mild moxibustion group,and a capsazepine group,with 8 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,the other three groups used estradiol benzoate,ice-water bath,and oxytocin to establish the rat PD model of cold-dampness stagnation pattern.The interventions began on day 1 of modeling,once a day,and lasted 10 d.The mild moxibustion group received mild moxibustion at Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4),20 min/time;in the capsazepine group,capsazepine was injected at a dose of 2 mg/(kg·bw).The abdominal pain threshold was measured 10-30 min after oxytocin injection on day 11;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α)level;the expression of TRPV1,cluster of differentiation 11B(CD11B),and proto-oncogene c-Fos in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.Results:Compared to the blank group,the model group showed a decreased pain threshold(P<0.05)and an increased serum PGF2α level with elevated TRPV1,CD11B,and c-Fos protein expression in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus(P<0.05).Compared to the model group,both the mild moxibustion group and capsazepine group showed significantly increased pain thresholds(P<0.05),along with decreased serum PGF2α levels and reduced protein expression levels of TRPV1,CD11B,and c-Fos in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus(P<0.05).Rat pain threshold in the capsazepine group was higher than that in the mild moxibustion group(P<0.05).Serum PGF2α level,the expression levels of CD11B and c-Fos proteins in the spinal dorsal horn,as well as TRPV1,CD11B,and c-Fos proteins in the hypothalamus of the capsazepine group were lower than those in the mild moxibustion group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Mild moxibustion at Shenque(CV8)and Guanyuan(CV4)may alleviate the central pain sensitization in PD rats by down-regulating TRPV1 channel expression in the spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus,thus playing an analgesic effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of indirect moxibustion on the expressions of DNA methyltransferases(DNMT)and methylation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)promoter region in uterine tissues of rats with primary dysmenorrhea(PD);To explore the mechanism of epigenetic regulation of indirect moxibustion on PD model rats.Methods A total of 32 female SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,indirect moxibustion group and Western medicine group,with 8 rats in each group.The PD model with cold dampness stagnation syndrome was established using ice-water baths combined with estradiol benzoate and oxytocin.Starting from the first day of modeling,the indirect moxibustion group received salt-partitioned moxibustion at"Shenque"and ginger-partitioned moxibustion at"Guanyuan"for 20 min,while the Western medicine group was gavaged ibuprofen solution.Both interventions were given once a day for 10 days.On day 11,writhing responses were observed and scored after oxytocin injection,Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to detect protein and mRNA expression of BDNF,DNMT3A and DNMT3B in uterine tissue,immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the positive expressions of DNMT3A and DNMT3B in uterine tissue.The DNA methylation of BDNF promoter region in uterine tissue was detected by sulfite sequencing.Results Compared with the blank group,the writhing latency was shortened and the writhing score increased in the model group(P<0.01);the protein and mRNA expressions of BDNF,DNMT3A and DNMT3B in uterine tissue increased(P<0.01),the positive expressions of DNMT3A and DNMT3B increased(P<0.01),and the DNA methylation rate in BDNF promoter region decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the writhing latency was lengthened and the writhing score decreased in the indirect moxibustion group and Western medicine group(P<0.05,P<0.01);the protein and mRNA expressions of BDNF,DNMT3A and DNMT3B in uterine tissue decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the positive expressions of DNMT3A and DNMT3B decreased(P<0.01),and the DNA methylation rate in BDNF promoter region increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Indirect moxibustion at"Shenque"and"Guanyuan"may inhibit the transcription of BDNF by increasing the DNA methylation level of BDNF promoter region,and reduce the expression of BDNF,so as to relieve the pain of PD rats.

Objective:To explore the effect of different types of social activity participation on self-rated men-tal health disparity between urban and rural older adults in China.Methods:The study data was sourced from the 2018 wave of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS).Factor analysis was applied to divide social activities into three dimensions:entertainment activities,cultural activities,family and friend gatherings.Logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the effect of social activity on self-rated mental health.Fairlie decomposition model was ap-plied to explore the effect of social activity on urban-rural disparity in self-rated mental health.Results:The self-ra-ted good mental health proportion of urban old persons(n=3 139)was 72.0％,which was higher than that of rural old persons(n=1 549)(53.7％)(P＜0.001).Recreational activities and gatherings of friends and relatives sig-nificantly improved self-rated mental health in urban and rural old persons.Fairlie decomposition result revealed that approximately 18.7％of self-rated mental health disparity could be attributed to urban-rural disparity in entertain-ment activities.Moreover,urban-rural disparity in family and friends gatherings could explain about 3.9％of the disparity.Conclusion:Urban older adults have better mental health than their rural counterparts.Furthermore,social activity is beneficial to mental health for both urban and rural older adults.Urban-rural disparity in entertainment ac-tivities make an important contribution to mental health disparity between urban and rural older adults.

Objective:To assess the relationship between basophil levels and mortality in patients with intra-abdominal infection.Methods:Information on patients with intraperitoneal infection admitted to the intensive care unit were extracted from the MIMIC database.A time-dependent Cox regression model was used to adjust for confounders associated with 28-day mortality.Propensity score matching(PSM)was used to balance the baseline differences be-tween groups with different basophil levels,and a restricted cube chart(RCS)was used to show the relationship between basophil count and 28-day mortality in patients with intra-abdominal infection.Results:A total of 4403 patients with intra-abdominal infection were enrolled in the MIMIC database.Patients with high basophil levels have lower mortality than those with low basophil levels.There was an L-shaped curve between basophil level and 28-day mortality,with a cut-off value of 0.47×109/L.Cox regression analysis showed that basophil levels were an independent protective factor for mortal-ity in patients with intra-abdominal infection after adjusting for potential confounders(HR=0.586,95%CI:0.443-0.769).Protective factors for death at basophil levels remained after PSM adjusted for potential confounders(HR=0.628,95%CI:0.470-0.832).Conclusion:Basophil level is an independent protective factor for mortality in patients with intra-abdominal infection,and basophil levels should be dynamically monitored to better evaluate the prognosis of patients.

Objective To explore the association and diagnostic performance of liver imaging reporting and data system(LI-RADS)CT signs with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)both in the LI-RADS target population and patients without LI-RADS-defined HCC risk factors.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 435 patients with 482 hepatic lesions confirmed by pathology.Of these,306 cases were assigned to the HCC group(327 HCC lesions),and other 129 cases were assigned to the non-HCC group(77 malignancies and 78 benign lesions).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis assessed the diagnostic performance of LI-RADS v2018 CT signs for HCC,and logistic regression analyses determined the association of CT signs with HCC.Results The asso-ciation of CT signs with all HCC lesions was statistically significant for non-peripheral washout[odds ratio(OR)15.1;95％ confi-dence interval(CI)5.6-40.4;P＜0.01]and non-rim arterial phase hyperenhancement(APHE)(OR 12.4;95％ CI 7.5-20.5;P＜0.01)higher than enhanced capsule(OR 9.9;95％ CI 2.8-34.8;P＜0.01;OR 2.4;95％ CI 1.4-3.8;P=0.01).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and area under the curve(AUC)for diagnosing HCC were 85％,83％,91％,and 0.84,respectively for non-peripheral washout;82％,77％,88％ and 0.79,respectively for non-rim APHE;and 31％,98％,97％ and 0.65,respectively for enhanced capsule.Sensitivity(88％ vs 87％),specificity(83％ vs 82％),PPV(92％ vs 91％)and AUC(0.90 vs 0.87)were all slightly higher when non-peripheral washout,non-rim APHE,enhanced capsule,and ancillary features were combined for the diagnosis of HCC compared to combining the three major features.Enhanced capsule(OR 13.3;95％ CI 3.6-48.9;P＜0.01),blood products in mass(OR 20.3;95％ CI 2.4-171.4;P＜0.01),and mosaic appearance(OR 37.7;95％ CI 4.2-340.0;P＜0.01)were associations with HCC presenting with atypical imaging features and provided high specificity from 98％ to 99％.Conclusion In theLI-RADS target population and patients without LI-RADS-defined HCC risk factors,LI-RADS v2018 CT signs show excellent diag-nostic performance for HCC.Two ancillary features,blood products in mass and mosaic appearance,show good specificity for HCC with atypical imaging features.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which blue light irradiation-activated microglia mediate immune cell recruitment and exacerbate retinal damage,and to explore the role of microglial depletion in inhibiting immune infiltration and protecting the retina.Methods SPF-grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group,blue light irradiation group,and PLX5622 pretreatment blue light irradiation group.A retinal injury model was established by continuous LED blue light irradiation for 2 days.In the PLX5622 pretreatment group,microglia were specifically depleted before blue light irradiation.After modeling,HE staining and OCT examination were used to examine retinal histomorphological changes;ERG examination was performed to evaluate retinal function;DHE staining and RT-qPCR were used to detect oxidative stress and inflammatory responses,and Iba1,CD68,CD11b immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry were used to analyze microglial activation status and immune cell infiltration.Results After blue light irradiation,the retinal outer nuclear layer thickness was significantly reduced;ERG a-wave and b-wave amplitudes decreased;expression of oxidative stress-related genes Nrf2,Sod2,and HO-1 was upregulated;expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β,TNF-α,and ICAM-1 increased;the number of Iba1-positive microglia increased and migrated extensively to the outer nuclear layer;the proportion of CD68+cells and CD11b+immune cells was elevated;and activated microglia aggregated around blood vessels to mediate immune cell infiltration.After PLX5622 pretreatment to deplete microglia,immune cell infiltration was significantly reduced;inflammatory responses were alleviated;retinal structural damage was markedly improved,and visual function was protected.Conclusions Blue light irradiation activates microglia and promotes their migration to the injury area.Activated microglia mediate immune cell recruitment and infiltration,exacerbating retinal inflammatory damage.Microglial depletion can effectively inhibit immune infiltration,rescue retinal structure and function,and provide new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of blue light-related ocular diseases.

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in child-hood,characterized by persistent social communication deficits and restricted,repetitive patterns of behavior.In recent years,its global prevalence has shown a continuous upward trend.However,there remains a lack of effective treatments capable of improving brain function in ASD.This article systematically reviews the mechanisms,clinical efficacy,and safety of HBOT in ASD,while exploring its potential therapeutic value.Research indicates that HBOT exerts its effects through the following mechanisms:enhancing plasma oxygen saturation,thereby improving oxygen supply to ischemic brain regions;inhibiting microglial activation,reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels;modulating gut microbiota homeostasis,restoring brain-gut axis dysfunction.Clinical studies demonstrate that when HBOT is combined with Applied Behavior Analysis(ABA),it significantly reduces behavioral scale scores in children with ASD while improving their social interaction,self-care abilities,and verbal communication.Additionally,HBOT positively regulates oxidative stress markers and enhances perfusion in specific brain regions.Regarding safety,strict adherence to operational protocols minimizes the risk of adverse effects(e.g.,baro-trauma).This review provides evidence-based support for the standardized application of HBOT in ASD.Future re-search should focus on optimizing treatment protocols(e.g.,pressure and oxygen concentration parameters)and evaluating long-term efficacy.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide and has drawn extensive research attention.Owing to its molecular heterogeneity,drug resistance,and low therapeutic response,single-modality treatments often fail to achieve satisfactory efficacy or broad applicability.Combination therapy,designed based on the pathophysiological characteristics,related signaling pathways,and biomarkers of breast cancer,has emerged as a promising approach for improving therapeutic outcomes.With the advancement of research on combination strategies,the understanding of their molecular mechanisms—particularly key signaling pathways and biomarkers—has become increasingly important.However,comprehensive reviews addressing these molecular mechanisms and synergistic strategies remain scarce.This article summarizes recent advances in combination therapy for breast cancer,providing a comprehensive review of recent combination therapies for breast cancer and their underlying molecular mechanisms,and focusing on key signaling pathways involved in combination therapy and synergistic strategies,thereby providing theoretical insights and reference for researchers,graduate students,and clinicians engaged in the development of novel combination therapeutic strategies for breast cancer and related malignancies.