TFIIB-related factor 1 (BRF1) is an important transcription factor. It specifically regulates the transcription of RNA polymerase III-dependent genes (RNA Pol III genes). The products of these genes are some small non-coding RNAs, including transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and 5S ribosomal RNAs (5S rRNA). The transcription levels of tRNAs and 5S rRNA vary with changes in intracellular BRF1 amounts. tRNAs and 5S rRNA play a crucial role in determining protein synthesis. Studies have demonstrated that dysregulation of tRNAs and 5S rRNA is closely related to cell growth, proliferation, transformation, and even tumorigenesis. BRF1 is a key factor determining the generation of tRNAs and 5S rRNA. Increasing BRF1 expression enhances cell proliferation and transformation, promoting tumor development. In contrast, repressing BRF1 activity decreases the rates of cell proliferation and transformation, and inhibits tumor growth. High levels of BRF1 are found in the samples of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric carcinoma, lung cancer, prostate carcinoma, and other cancers. It indicates that high levels of BRF1 are closely related to the occurrence of human cancer and may be a common landmark of tumors. But there is discrepancy in the regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways of BRF1 overexpression in different cancers. In general, high levels of BRF1 in patients suffering from cancer show short survival period and poor prognosis. However, there is one exception, namely breast cancer. Approximate 80% of cases of breast cancer are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and 20% are ER-. The cases with high levels of BRF1 reveal longer survival period and better prognosis after they accepted the hormone treatment by Tamoxifen (Tam), compared to the cases with low level BRF1. It seems like a contradiction. Most of the cases with high levels of BRF1 belong to ER+ status. Tam has been used to treat ER+ cases of breast cancer after diagnosis and surgery. Thus, hormone therapy, such as Tam, is more effective on these patients. This is because, on one hand, that Tam competes with E2 (17β-estradiol) to bind to estrogen receptor α (ERα), but does not dissociate to occupy the receptors, blocking E2 binding to this receptor and inhibiting its biological effects. On other hand, Tam can inhibit the expression of BRF1, leading to a decline of intracellular BRF1 levels. Therefore, the actual levels of BRF1 are lower in the patients with ER+ breast cancer. It appears the prognosis of the high BRF1 expression cases better than that of the low BRF1 expression cases. Myocardial hypertrophy manifests magnification of cardiomyocyte volume rather than number increasing in the postnatal heart. Myocardial hypertrophy is a critical risk factor underlying cardiovascular diseases. No matter how myocardial hypertrophy occur, it will ultimately lead to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. Hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes requires a large amount of protein synthesis to meet its needs of cardiomyocyte growth. Animal models and cell experiments have shown that myocardial hypertrophy stimulates a significant increase in BRF1 expression and transcription of tRNAs and 5S rRNA. Interestingly, elevated levels of BRF1 are found in the myocardium tissues of patients with myocardial hypertrophy. These studies demonstrate that BRF1 indeed plays a critical role in myocardial hypertrophy. In summary, high levels of BRF1 are found in patients suffering from different cancers and myocardial hypertrophy. It implies that BRF1 is a promising biological target of cancer and cardiomyopathy. BRF1 is expected to become a common biomarker for early diagnosis and prognostic observation of different human cancers. It is also an important biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy. BRF1 not only holds an important position in the field of basic medical research but also has great prospects for translational medicine. In the present article, we summarize the progress on studies of BRF1 expressions in cancer and cardiomyopathy, proposes future research directions. It is a new research area. Here, we emphasize the significancy of BRF overexpression in the two huge diseases of human, cancer and cardiomyopathy to raise people's attention to this field.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of enalapril maleate tablet on doxorubicin-induced heart failure rats based on mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.Methods Eleven of the 40 male SD rats were randomly selected as the normal group(equivalent to 0.9％NaCl),and the remaining 29 were prepared with intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg·kg-1·w-1 doxorubicin to prepare heart failure model.After successful modeling,they were randomly divided into model group(n=15 cases)and experimental group(n=14 cases).Experimental group was given 1.8 mg·kg-1·d-1 enalapril maleate suspension for gavage;normal and model groups were given the same amount of 0.9％NaCl by gavage.After 8 weeks,the rats were subjected to cardiac ultrasound,the left ventricular ejection fractions(LVEF)of each group were recorded,the serum myocardial injury index level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression levels of mRNA and protein related to the MAPK signaling pathway were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results The LVEF values of control,model and experimental groups were(77.85±3.34％)％,(41.39±2.87％)％and(60.10±6.53％)％;serum brain natriuretic peptide contents were(219.30±10.59),(333.90±61.19)and(260.00±16.10)pg·mL-1;the relative expression levels of Mapk8ip2 were 1.00±0.01,2.60±0.12 and 2.00±0.08;the relative expression levels of Mapk8ip3 were 1.00±0.00,6.77±1.04 and 3.66±0.54;the relative expression levels of Mapk1 were 1.00±0.00,4.40±0.14 and 2.71±0.24;the relative expression levels of Mapk3 were 1.00±0.01,7.83±0.34 and 2.71±0.24;the relative expression levels of P38-MAPK were 1.00±0.05,1.14±0.02 and 1.02±0.03;the relative expression levels of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 protein were 1.00±0.07,1.49±0.03 and 1.16±0.10;the relative expression levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 protein were 1.00±0.03,1.65±0.19 and 1.14±0.01,respectively.Compared with the model group,the differences of above indexes in the normal and experimental groups were statistically significant(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Enalapril maleate tablets have therapeutic effects on rats with heart failure,and the mechanism may be achieved by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the expression of GLI1 and im-mune invasion and clinical prognosis in gastric cancer.To study the effect of GLI1 expression on drug resistance in gastric cancer.Methods:The expression difference of GLI1 in gastric cancer and normal tissues was analyzed by using TCGA database,and the effect of clinical features and GLI1 gene ex-pression level on prognosis of patients with gastric cancer was analyzed.The correlation between GLI1 gene expression and tumor immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer tissues was analyzed to explore its influence on drug resistance of chemotherapy drugs and targeted drugs.Clinical samples were collect-ed to analyze the difference of GLI1 expression in gastric cancer and paracancer tissues.Results:The expression of GLI1 in gastric cancer tissues was 1.7 times that in normal tissues,and the overall sur-vival and disease-free survival of patients with high expression are shorter than those with low ex-pression(P＜0.05).The interstitial score,immune score and abundance of immunoinfiltrating cells were higher in the high expression of GLI1 in gastric cancer tissues.High expression of GLI1 reduces drug sensitivity and is positively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoint markers PDCD1(P＜0.05).GLI1 expression was significantly increased in patients with subdifferentiated gastric cancer.Conclusions:GLI1 expression is associated with the prognosis and immune infiltration of patients with gastric cancer,and it may lead to poor prognosis of patients by regulating chemotherapy resis-tance,which may be a potential therapeutic target and molecular marker for gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost-utility of sacituzumab govitecan （SG） versus single-agent chemotherapy in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive （HR+）/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative （HER2－） advanced metastatic breast cancer. METHODS From the perspective of the Chinese medical system， a three-state partitioned survival model was constructed to examine the cost-utility of SG versus single-agent chemotherapy based on TROPiCS-02 trial. The cycle length was set to 1 month， and the time horizon was 10 years. The annual discount was 5%. The model output included total costs and quality adjusted life month （QALM）， and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） was calculated for cost-utility analysis， by setting willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold at 3 times gross domestic product （GDP） per capita of China in 2023 （22 340 yuan/QALM）. Univariate sensitivity analyses， probability sensitivity analyses， and scenario analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the results and calculate the price threshold when SG had economic advantages. RESULTS SG group gained incremental 4.25 QALM and 561 570 yuan compared with single-agent chemotherapy， which resulted in an ICER of 132 102/QALM that was higher than WTP. The results of the univariate sensitivity analysis showed that the monthly average cost of SG had the greatest impact on the results； the results of probability sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of SG scheme being cost-effective at the WTP threshold was 0. The results of scenario analysis showed that the conclusions of this study were robust under different time horizons （5， 10， 15 years）. The price threshold for SG being cost-effective was 1 344 yuan per 180 mg. CONCLUSIONS Based on the perspective of Chinese medical system， SG appears to be not cost-effective compared with single-agent chemotherapy for HR+/ HER2－ advanced metastatic breast cancer at the price of 8 400 yuan per 180 mg. A substantial price cut should be taken to be cost- effective.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of cognitive frailty and its influencing factors in older patients with chronic heart failure.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 300 older patients hospitalized for chronic heart failure in a tertiary hospital in Shandong Province between September 2021 and September 2022 were selected.A general information questionnaire, the mini-nutritional assessment scale-short form(MNA-SF), the athens insomnia scale(AIS), the ulca loneliness scale, the geriatric depression scale-5 item version(GDS-5), and the social support rating scale(SSRS)were used for assessment and influencing factors were identified by univariate and Logistic regression analysis.Results:Among 300 older patients with chronic heart failure, the prevalence of cognitive frailty was 75.3%(226 cases). Logistic regression analysis showed that age between 70-79 years( OR=0.543, 95% CI: 0.299-0.987), education level( OR=3.644, 95% CI: 1.780-7.461), weekly intellectual activity( OR=2.168, 95% CI: 1.082-4.334)and loneliness( OR=1.101, 95% CI: 1.032-1.175)were factors influencing cognitive frailty in older patients with chronic heart failure. Conclusions:The prevalence of cognitive frailty in older patients with chronic heart failure is high, and age, education level, weekly intellectual activity and loneliness are influencing factors, with education level having the greatest impact on older patients with chronic heart failure.

Objective Establish the fingerprint of the group and optimize the extraction process of the Yunpi Huatan Tongqiao decoction.Methods The macroscopic characterization and similarity analysis of the extract fingerprint were carried out by applying the total statistical moment method.With baicalin,wogonin,rosmarinic acid,liquiritin,glycyrrhizic acid and paste yield as key quality attributes,and extraction time,water addition and extraction times as key process parameters,the optimal extraction process was selected by AHP-independent weight method,and the process was verified.Results Establishing a total statistical moment similarity evaluation method,and the average statistical moment similarity of the total amount of fingerprints of different extraction methods was 0.8807.The ANOVA results of the process evaluation model function are displayed that P<0.0001,R2=0.9904,indicating that the model was statistically significant.The best extraction process was determined as follows:adding 10-fold volume of water in the whole prescription,extracting for 1.5 h and extracting twice.Conclusion The total statistical moment analysis method that conforms to the fingerprint characteristics of the fingerprint of the extract was established,which was stable and reliable,which provided a reference basis for the quality control of the whole process of the subsequent process research.

Objective:To investigate the concern about pollen broadcasting in Chinese population from multiple dimensions and to understand the information about allergic rhinitis (AR) in China by analyzing related factors.Methods:From March 1 to September 30, 2022, a large-scale multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted based on the Questionnaire Star platform in 21 Chinese hospitals. A total of 7 056 subjects from 7 regions in China: Northeast, North, East, Central, South, Southwest, and Northwest China were included. Basic characteristics (including social demographic characteristics and disease characteristics of AR patients), concern about pollen broadcasting, the willingness of pollen-induced AR (PiAR) patients to receive pollen broadcasting, and the treatment satisfaction rate of AR patients were collected. The chi-square test, multivariate linear regression model, and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the concern about pollen broadcasting in the Chinese population and related factors from multiple dimensions.Results:Among 7 056 subjects, 23.02% were concerned about pollen broadcasting. Among 3 176 self-reported AR and 1 019 PiAR patients, 25.60% and 39.16% were concerned about pollen broadcasting, respectively, which was higher than that of non-AR or non-PiAR subjects ( χ2 value was 21.74 and 175.11, respectively, both P<0.001). Among AR patients, the proportion of spring and autumn allergen-positive patients concerned about pollen broadcasting was higher than that in perennial allergen-positive patients ( χ2 value was 20.90 and 19.51, respectively, both P<0.001). The proportion of AR patients with asthma, sinusitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher than those without complications ( χ2 value was 50.83, 21.97, 56.78, 7.62, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of AR patients in North China who could find pollen broadcasting locally was 31.01%, significantly higher than those in other regions (all P<0.05). Multivariate linear regression model analysis showed that among PiAR patients, those with higher per capita household income and higher AR disease cognition levels had been concerned about pollen broadcasting in the past, and those complicated with allergic conjunctivitis had stronger intention to receive pollen broadcasting (B value was 0.24, 0.13, 0.66, 0.47, respectively, all P<0.05). The higher the disease cognition level of PiAR patients, the stronger their willingness to actively participate in treatment ( R2=0.72, P<0.001). Only 18.89% of AR patients felt satisfied with the treatment effect. Logistic regression analysis showed that in AR patients, the treatment satisfaction rate was significantly higher among those concerned about pollen broadcasting compared to those who were not ( OR=1.83, P<0.001). Conclusions:Currently, the dissemination of pollen broadcasting in China is hindered by various factors such as disease cognition level. The treatment satisfaction among AR patients remains unsatisfactory.

A rapid quantitative immunochromatographic assay for procalcitonin(PCT)using metal-organic frameworks modified with gold and platinum nanoparticles(MAPs)as labels was established in this work.The detection probe was prepared by conjugating MAPs with anti-PCT monoclonal antibody via an electrostatic adsorption method.Anti-PCT polyclonal antibody and sheep anti-mouse IgG were sprayed onto the nitrocellulose(NC)membrane as the test line and quality control line,respectively,to construct immunochromatographic strip for PCT quantitative detection via signal-amplification-based sandwich immunoassay.The results showed that the MAP-based immunochromatographic test had high sensitivity,high specificity,and good stability.The dynamic range for detection of PCT was 0.61 pg/mL-320 ng/mL,the detection limit was 0.25 pg/mL,and the intra-day and inter-day precision(Relative standard deviation)were less than 15%.The results of real sample analysis showed that a quite low volume of sample was required for detection of PCT in whole blood,which was of great significance for the early diagnosis,monitoring and treatment,and prognosis of inflammation.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic cancers in the world.Over the past few decades,there has been considerable research reporting on the mechanisms of cancer development and progression,with multiple nerve as well as neurotransmitters involved.Nerve innervation is also found in ovarian cancer.And in ovarian cancer,various nerves and neurotransmitters play different roles.They are involved in ovarian cancer cells'proliferation metastasis,apoptosis and changes in the tumor microenvironment.Further understanding of the role of these nerve endings in the development of ovarian cancer is essential for understanding the mechanisms of cancer progression.This will be important for subsequent research focusing on tumor regulation.While glucocorticoids and sympathetic nerve-released norepinephrine are able to promote ovarian cancer progression,serotonin may inhibit cancer cell growth.Also,parasympathetic and sensory nerves are capable of having either a positive or negative effect on ovarian tumors.These relevant studies offer the possibility of new therapeutic options for oncology,it may be possible to mitigate the progression of cancer with inexpensive receptor inhibitors or agonists.This will facilitate the subsequent exploration of therapeutic possibilities forovarian cancer and other cancer-related treatments.In this review,we also present some insights into the role of the nervous system in the regulation of ovarian cancer,which we hope will provide new insights into the innervation and progression of ovarian cancer.