Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Huangkui capsules on targeted drug-related proteinuria in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of HCC patients with targeted drug-related proteinuria from June 2023 to December 2024 at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. According to the treatment plan, patients were divided into the conventional treatment group and the Huangkui combination treatment group (Huangkui capsules combined with conventional treatment), and the clinical efficacy between the two groups was compared. The logistic regression analysis was used to identify the main factors affecting treatment efficacy. Results The Huangkui combination treatment group (n＝29) showed a significantly higher overall effective rate (79.3% vs 42.3%, P＝0.005), and an earlier proteinuria improvement (median time: 3 months vs 6 months, P＝0.008) than the conventional treatment group (n＝26) . The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker (ARB) using (OR＝0.190, 95%CI 0.045-0.808, P＝0.025), targeted drug adjustment (OR＝0.132, 95%CI 0.030-0.581, P＝0.007), and Huangkui capsules using (OR＝0.168, 95%CI 0.039-0.730, P＝0.017) were protective factors for treatment efficacy of targeted drug-related proteinuria. Conclusions On the basis of conventional treatment, additive treatment with Huangkui capsules can alleviate targeted drug-related proteinuria faster and more effectively in HCC patients.

In recent years, the rising prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic syndromes has emerged as a critical global public health concern. Sustained weight loss exceeding 10% of total body weight has been shown to ameliorate obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hepatic steatosis. Recently, the potential of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to improve metabolism has garnered significant attention. However, evidence regarding weight loss therapies that promote BAT activation remains limited in preclinical models and is even scarcer in clinical studies, partly due to the paucity of appropriate BAT assessment techniques. This review aims to explore the potential impact of various weight loss therapies on BAT, with the goal of providing novel insights and strategies for the treatment of obesity.

The prescription of Qidong Yixin oral liquid is derived from the experience of national medical master Ren Jixue in treating viral myocarditis （VMC）. It has the functions of tonifying Qi， nourishing the heart，calming the mind， and relieving palpitations. It is used to treat VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease caused by deficiency of both Qi and Yin. However，the understanding of its efficacy evidence， advantageous aspects， dosage and administration， and medication safety remains insufficient in clinical practice. Therefore，the development of the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Qidong Yixin Oral Liquid （hereinafter referred to as consensus） was initiated. Consensus strictly followed the process and methods of the expert consensus on the clinical application of Chinese patent medicines of the China Association of Chinese Medicine，successively completing multiple tasks such as the consensus project initiation，determination of clinical problems，evidence search and evaluation，formation of recommendation opinions and consensus suggestions，solicitation of opinions，peer review， submission for review and release， and so on. Consensus formed a total of 10 recommendation opinions and 12 consensus suggestions，clarifying the clinical positioning，efficacy advantages，syndrome differentiation，dosage and administration，combination therapy，timing of medication，adverse reactions，contraindications， and precautions of Qidong Yixin oral liquid，indicating that it has good clinical advantages and safety in the treatment of VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease，providing norms and references for physicians to safely and rationally apply Qidong Yixin oral liquid. Consensus was reviewed and approved for release by the Standardization Office of the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 23， 2024. Standard number：GSCACM-376-2024.

Breast cancer （BC）， a common malignant tumor in women， is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates， posing a serious threat to women's life and health. Currently， the commonly used treatments for BC include surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， molecular targeted therapy， and endocrine therapy. Although radiotherapy and chemotherapy can effectively kill tumor cells and inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells， they can induce adverse reactions such as hematopoietic dysfunction and impaired immune function. The other treatment methods also have problems such as drug resistance， high recurrence rates， reduced quality of life， and poor clinical efficacy. Therefore， it is urgent to explore new drugs with better efficacy and lower toxicity. Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent， non-apoptotic programmed cell death triggered by lipid peroxidation. In recent years， ferroptosis has become a hot topic in the field of cancer treatment and has been gradually proven to effectively inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of BC cells， reduce the drug resistance of BC to chemotherapy drugs， and enhance the sensitivity of BC to radiotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with multiple components， multiple targets， and mild side effects， is widely used in the treatment of BC. A large number of studies have shown that active ingredients of TCM， such as saponins， flavonoids， terpenoids， phenols， and polysaccharides， can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of BC cells by modulating ferroptosis-related pathways. These include iron metabolism， lipid metabolism， cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc^-/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4， Specifically， these ingredients elevate the levels of lipid peroxidation， reactive oxygen species， malondialdehyde， and Fe²⁺ in BC cells， thereby inducing ferroptosis-mediated suppression of tumor progression. This article reviews the relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years， summarizes the mechanisms of ferroptosis in regulating BC and the research progress in the active components of TCM targeting ferroptosis in the intervention of BC， aiming to provide ideas for the development of new drugs for the treatment of BC.

To develop and validate a model for predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality risk in patients with malignant tumors complicated by acute respiratory failure (ARF) based on an explainable machine learning framework.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of anlotinib combined with penpulimab versus sorafenib as first- line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （uHCC） from the perspective of China’s healthcare system. METHODS Based on data from the APOLLO study， a partitioned survival model was established with a 21-day model cycle to simulate patient survival status over 10 years under anlotinib combined with penpulimab regimen or sorafenib monotherapy. Quality-adjusted life year （QALY） was used as the core evaluation parameter to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） of different treatment regimens. Using 3 times China’s per capita gross domestic product （GDP） in 2024 （287 247 yuan/QALY） as the willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold， cost-utility analysis was performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the treatment regimens. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to validate the robustness of the baseline analysis conclusion. Scenario analysis was performed to consider the impact of anlotinib and penpulimab assistance programs on the results； the price reduction of penpulimab to ensure the cost-effectiveness of the combination regimen was examined under varying WTP thresholds （specifically， 1， 2， and 3 times China’s per capita GDP in 2024）. RESULTS The baseline analysis revealed that the ICER of anlotinib combined with penpulimab regimen relative to the sorafenib regimen was 338 611.20 yuan/QALY， which exceeded the WTP threshold set in this study. Univariate sensitivity analysis indicated that the utility value of progression free survival and penpulimab price significantly influenced the baseline analysis results. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis validated the robustness of the baseline results. The results of scenario analysis indicated that when considering the assistance programs for anlotinib and penpulimab， the obtained ICER values were all below the WTP threshold set at 3 times China’s per capita GDP in 2024. When the price of penpulimab was reduced by 58%， 35%， and 13%， the ICER values were below the WTP threshold， which was 1， 2 and 3 times the per capita GDP of China in 2024， respectively. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of China’s healthcare system， anlotinib combined with penpulimab regimen for first-line treatment of uHCC lacks cost-effectiveness compared to sorafenib regimen. However， this conclusion would be reversed if the anlotinib and penpulimab assistance programs are taken into account or if the price of penpulimab is reduced by more than 13% and above.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell （hUC-MSC） as a cell-based therapeutic strategy have demonstrated significant application potential in the field of intervention for neurodegenerative disease （NDD） due to their advantages such as self-renewal， multi-directional differentiation， and low immunogenicity. hUC-MSC effectively intervenes in the pathological features and neurological functions of various disease models such as Alzheimer disease， Parkinson’s disease， amyotrophic lateral sclerosis， and multiple sclerosis primarily through multiple mechanisms such as homing and differentiation， mediating paracrine actions and releasing exosomes， as well as immune regulation and anti-inflammation. Some clinical studies have also preliminarily verified their safety and effectiveness. Currently， its research still faces challenges such as immune rejection reactions requiring further observation， long-term safety needing evaluation， mechanisms of action not being fully elucidated， and slow progress in clinical trials. Future research needs to establish pharmaceutical standards for hUC-MSC， deepen their pharmacological mechanisms and clinical trials， ultimately providing new and effective drug treatment options for patients with NDD.

AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy of goniosynechialysis versus trabeculectomy combined with cataract phacoemulsification in treating glaucoma complicated with cataract.METHODS:From January 2019 to January 2024, patients with glaucoma complicated with cataract diagnosed in our hospital were included as the study subjects. They were assigned into trabeculectomy group and goniosynechialysis group based on different surgical methods. The trabeculectomy group was treated with cataract phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy, while the goniosynechialysis group was treated with cataract phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis. The improvement of visual acuity, anterior chamber depth, chamber angle width, intraocular pressure, whole en face vessel density within the optic disc head and in the peripapillary region, and complications were compared between two groups.RESULTS: A total of 120 patients(120 eyes)with glaucoma combined with cataract were included in this study, among which 60 eyes were in the trabeculectomy group and 60 eyes in the goniosynechialysis group. The age of the trabeculectomy group was 60.72±6.16 years, including 28 males and 32 females. The age of the goniosynechialysis group was 61.04±6.24 years, including 31 males and 29 females. At 3 mo after surgery, the visual acuity of patients in both groups improved significantly, and the improvement of visual acuity in the goniosynechialysis group was significantly better than that in the trabeculectomy group(all P<0.01). At 3 mo after surgery, the anterior chamber depth and chamber angle width of patients in both groups were higher than those before surgery, and with the goniosynechialysis group being higher than the trabeculectomy group(all P<0.01), while the intraocular pressure was lower than that before surgery, and with the goniosynechialysis group being lower than the trabeculectomy group(all P<0.01). Before surgery, there was no significant difference in the whole en face vessel density within the optic disc head between the two groups(P>0.05), however, the whole en face vessel density within the optic disc head in both groups on 1 d after surgery were significantly lower than before surgery(all P<0.05); and compared with 1 d after surgery, there was a significant increase at 1 wk, 1, and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); the whole en face vessel density within the optic disc head in the goniosynechialysis group was significantly higher than that in the trabeculectomy group at various time points after surgery(all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the whole en face vessel density in the peripapillary region between the two groups before surgery and various time points after surgery(all P>0.05). Within 3 mo after surgery, the incidence of complications in the goniosynechialysis group(8.3%)was significantly lower than that in the trabeculectomy group(21.7%; P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Goniosynechialysis combined with phacoemulsification is more effective than trabeculectomy combined with phacoemulsification in the treatment of patients with glaucoma complicated with cataract in improving the visual acuity and whole en face vessel density within the optic disc head of patients, increasing the anterior chamber depth and chamber angle width, reducing intraocular pressure and the risk of complications. It has high safety and ideal short-term efficacy.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of diabetes, posing a significant threat to patients' visual health. In recent years, epigenetic mechanisms have garnered increasing attention in the scientific community for their pivotal role in the onset and progression of DR. This paper systematically examines the regulatory roles of epigenetic mechanisms in DR, covering key pathways such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Under hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes, these epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression, thereby influencing critical pathological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic memory. This article reviews recent advances in epigenetic regulation in DR, providing an in-depth analysis of its underlying molecular mechanisms and complex regulatory networks, and explores the potential of epigenetic markers as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Additionally, this article highlights emerging therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic modifications, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and research direction for the early diagnosis and precision treatment of this disease.

Objective Based on the visualization graph analysis of the research hotspots of Angelica sinensis, predict the future research trends, and provide references for the next step of Angelica sinensis research. Methods Chinese and English literatures on Angelica sinensis collected from CNKI, WanFang, VIP and Web of Science from 2012 to 2022 were retrieved. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was used to perform visualization econometrics analysis on the number of publications, authors, institutions, journals, keywords and other topics. Results 3490 Chinese literatures and 409 English literatures were included. Visual knowledge map analysis showed that Gansu University of Chinese Medicine and Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were the research institutions with the largest number of literature publications in Chinese and English respectively. Journals published mainly include Shizhen Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia medica, Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Current research hotspots include the effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides, volatile oils, and ferulic acid on the hematopoietic system, chronic diseases, and cognitive impairment, as well as clinical efficacy evaluations of classic prescriptions containing Angelica sinensis and their modified formulations. The research trend was characterized by a focus on the pharmacological study of Danggui Buxue Tang,employing various experimental approaches such as network pharmacology, serum pharmacology, and metabolomics to elucidate the mechanisms of Angelica sinensis. Conclusion The pharmacological effects of Angelica sinensis and its compound were extensive, which should be further researched.