Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract and can be classified as “fullness of the stomach”， “epigastric pain”， “noise” and other categories in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Sijunzi decoction is composed of Panax ginseng， Poria cocos， Atractylodes macrocephala， and honey-fried Glycyrrhiza uralensis， and it has the effect of tonifying qi and strengthening the spleen. This article summarizes the active ingredients， mechanism of action， and clinical application research progress of Sijunzi decoction in treating gastric cancer. The results show that the main active ingredients of Sijunzi decoction include ginsenosides， atractylenolide， pachymic acid， glycyrrhizic acid， etc.； Sijunzi decoction and its effective ingredients can play an anti-gastric cancer role by inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cell， inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer cell， enhancing gastric cancer cell chemotherapy sensitivity， and inhibiting invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cell. In addition， Sijunzi decoction can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs， strengthen the immune function of the body and lower serum cancer marker levels during the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.

The Fragment of Dunhuang Ancient Tibetan Moxibustion Therapy contains rich content on fire moxibustion therapy of Tubo-period Tibetan medicine, characterized by distinctive clinical features of Tibetan acupuncture and strong regional attributes. This paper systematically reviews the relevant materials on moxibustion in the Fragment and summarizes the findings as follows: Tibetan fire moxibustion mainly uses mugwort as the material, and terms like "fine mugwort", "broad bean" and "sheep dung pellet" refer to the size of the moxa cone. The number of moxa cones used is predominantly odd numbers, usually ranging from 5 to 21. The main indications for fire moxibustion cover internal medicine, external medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, and various pain syndromes. The therapy advocates for treating acute conditions and heat syndromes with moxibustion. The manuscript also records detailed contraindications, including time-based and seasonal taboos. Moxibustion is applied to both local and distal acupoints, reflecting the therapeutic concept of treating both proximal and distal regions. Furthermore, it documents simple and practical acupoint localization methods such as surface anatomical markers, proportional bone measurement, finger measurement, and hand-span measurement. Compared with contemporaneous Chinese medical moxibustion techniques, the moxibustion methods recorded in this Fragment are rich in content and present unique Tibetan theoretical characteristics. It provides valuable data and evidence for the excavation, application, and further research of Tibetan acupuncture and moxibustion.
Moxibustion/instrumentation* ; Humans ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional/history* ; Tibet ; Acupuncture Points

The Mofeng Ointment Formulation （MOF， 摩风膏方） is recorded in the Dunhuang manuscript Unnamed Treatise on the Pulse （《亡名氏脉经》） and stands as a representative ancient external therapeutic formula in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Known for dispelling wind， activating blood circulation， warming the meridians， and relieving pain， it is particularly effective in treating rheumatic arthralgia. Through literature research， this paper systematically reviews the composition， preparation techniques， and clinical application characteristics of MOF. In recent years， advancements in modern pharmaceutical technology have led to the development of various innovative ointment-based formulations derived from the traditional recipe， such as Dunhuang Xiaoding Ointment （敦煌消定膏）， Dunhuang Xiaozhong and Zhentong Ointment （Patch） （敦煌消肿镇痛膏/贴）， Xiaoding Ointment （消定膏） gel patch， and Xiaoding Ointment （消定膏） cataplasm. These innovations explore pathways for transforming classical prescriptions into modern applications， providing a theoretical basis for the external TCM treatment of pain-related and orthopedic conditions.

Background Occupational disease diagnosis appraisal is an appeal procedure initiated when a party disagrees with the occupational disease diagnosis conclusion. It is a legal procedure to safeguard the health rights of employees and the legitimate rights and interests of employers. Objective To analyze the data of occupational disease diagnosis appraisal in Shanghai, identify existing problems, and provide suggestions for improving. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on basic situation, characteristics of workers and employers, disease classification, and consistency between diagnosis and appraisal conclusions of all occupational disease diagnosis appraisal cases from 2012 to 2024. All diagnosis conclusions were named in accordance with the Classified Catalogue of Occupational Diseases included employers were classified according to the Measures for the Statistical Classification of Large, Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises" and the Notice on Adjusting the Provisions for Classifying Enterprise Registration Types; industry classification followed the Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities (GB/T 4754-2017). Results From 2012 to 2024, a total of 260 cases of occupational diseases diagnosis appraisal were closed. The main diagnosis were 138 cases of ear, nose, throat, and oral diseases (53.1%), chemical poisoning (18.8%), and pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (16.2%). The proportion of ear, nose, throat, and oral diseases gradually increased (2022 excluded). The incidence of annual municipal and provincial cases decreased by 76.3% and 85.0% respectively (2024 vs 2012). The consistency rate of conclusions between appraisal and diagnosis gradually increased. The total consistency rates between final appraisals and diagnostic conclusions were 81.5%, and 79.7%, 87.8%, 100.0%, 85.0% for ear, nose, throat, and oral diseases, chemical poisoning, and pneumoconiosis and other respiratory system diseases, respectively. Specifically, the consistency rates were 80.1% and 80.0% for noise-induced deafness and chronic benzene poisoning. In terms of inconsistency reasons, "inconsistent interpretation of standards and excessive discretion in standard application" accounted for 43.8%, followed by "failure to correctly apply standards" (31.3%) and and "discrepancies in occupational exposure history recognition" (15.6%). Conclusion The revisions and improvements of the legal system for occupational disease diagnosis appraisal have played a positive role in improving the consistency of conclusions between appraisal and diagnosis of occupational diseases in Shanghai. It is suggested to further strengthening the publicity and training of occupational disease diagnosis standards to improve the quality of occupational disease diagnosis.

Taxifolin (TAX) is a natural compound known for its liver protection effect, but the mechanism remains unknown. Phosphorylated proteomics analyses discovered that the phosphorylation level of NDRG1 at T328 was a key event of TAX-improved liver fibrosis. We established models with NDRG1 knockout (KO) in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating that NDRG1 KO attenuated the development of hepatocyte injury, and combining NDRG1 KO and TAX administration did not result in a reduction in protection against liver injury. Cellular thermal shift assay and surface plasma resonance analysis showed that TAX directly binds to NDRG1 rather than its upstream kinase, subsequently demonstrating that TAX regulated phosphorylation of NDRG1 at T328 through binding to its C289 site. NDRG1 T328A (phosphorylated mutation) and T328E (mimic phosphorylation) in vivo and in vitro confirmed that pNDRG1_T328 exacerbates hepatocyte injury along with DNA damage, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, thereby contributing to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. In contrast, TAX can inhibit the above pathological abnormalities and block hepatocyte injury-triggered HSCs activation and fibrosis. Overall, TAX is a potent liver protection drug primarily targeting NDRG1 and inhibiting pNDRG1_T328 in hepatocytes.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the impact of glycemic control and diabetes duration on subsequent myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with both coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 33,238 patients with both CHD and T2D in Shenzhen, China. Patients were categorized into 6 groups based on baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and diabetes duration (from the date of diabetes diagnosis to the baseline date) to examine their combined effects on subsequent MI. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used, with further stratification by age, sex, and comorbidities to assess potential interactions. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 2.4 years, 2,110 patients experienced MI. Compared to those with optimal glycemic control (FPG < 6.1 mmol/L) and shorter diabetes duration (< 10 years), the fully-adjusted hazard ratio ( HR) (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]) for those with a diabetes duration of ≥ 10 years and FPG > 8.0 mmol/L was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.59, 2.36). The combined effects of FPG and diabetes duration on MI were largely similar across different age, sex, and comorbidity groups, although the excess risk of MI associated with long-term diabetes appeared to be more pronounced among those with atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that glycemic control and diabetes duration significant influence the subsequent occurrence of MI in patients with both CHD and T2D. Tailored management strategies emphasizing strict glycemic control may be particularly beneficial for patients with longer diabetes duration and atrial fibrillation.
Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Coronary Disease/complications* ; Myocardial Infarction/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; China/epidemiology* ; Glycemic Control ; Blood Glucose ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors

Objective To explore the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of asiaticoside(AS)in rats with transient cerebral ischemia.Methods One hundred male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham-operated(Sham)group,transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO)group,and low-,medium-,and high-dose AS(AS-L,AS-M,AS-H)groups,with 20 rats in each group.Except for the Sham group,rats in the other four groups under-went tMCAO surgery.Rats in the AS-L,AS-M,and AS-H groups received intragastric administration of 20,40 and 80 mg/kg AS respectively,once daily for 7 days starting 1 hour post-surgery.Rats in the Sham and tMCAO groups received equivalent volumes of saline.Neurological deficit score,brain water content,and TTC staining were used to evaluate neurological impairment,cerebral edema,and infarct volume.HE staining and Nissl staining wereused to assess histopathological changes and neu-ronal damage.Autophagy was detected via transmission electron microscopy.Immunofluorescence staining was usedto analyze the expression and localization of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B(LC3B).TUNEL staining was used to evaluate apoptosis,and Western blot was used to measure protein expression.Results Compared with the Sham group,rats in the tMCAO group ex-hibited significantly increased neurological deficit score,brain water content,infarct volume,and histopathological damage,as well as significantly decreased Nissl body counts(P＜0.05).AS dose-dependently reduced neurological deficits,brain water content,infarct volume,and histopatho-logical damage while increased Nissl body numbers.The tMCAO group showed significantly higher numbers of autophagosomes,lysosomes,and LC3B-positive cells,along with significantly elevated LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,Beclin-1,Bax,cleaved caspase-3 compared to the Sham group;in contrast,p-PI3K,p-Akt,and p-mTOR protein levels,intact mitochondria count and p62 and Bcl-2 protein levels were significantly lower inthe tMCAO group(P＜0.05).Compared with the tMCAO group,AS treatment dose-dependently significantly decreased autophagosomes,lysosomes,LC3B-positive cells,and the expression of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,Beclin-1,Bax,cleaved caspase-3 while significantly increased p-PI3K,p-Akt,and p-mTOR protein,intact mitochondria and p62 and Bcl-2 levels(P＜0.05).Conclusion AS exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting excessive autophagy and apopto-sis in rats with transient cerebral ischemia via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective To study the effect of Hedysarum polysaccharides(HPS)on the expression of transforming growth factor-β,(TGF-β1),smad homologue 3 recombinant protein(smad3)and smad7 in renal tissue of db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods According to their body weight,6-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:model group(0.9％NaCl 0.2 mL·d-1),positive control group(22.75 mg·kg-1·d-1 irbesartan)and experimental-H,-M,-L groups(200,100,50 mg kg-1·d-1 HPS),with 10 mice in each group;another 10 SPF grade male C57BL/6 mice of the same week were selected as normal group(0.9％NaCl 0.2mL·d-1).The mice in the 6 groups were given intragastric administration once a day for 12 weeks.The blood glucose concentration of mice was measured before treatment and at the 4th,8th and 12th week after treatment.The expression levels of TGF-β1,smad3 and smad7 were detected by Western blotting.Results After treatment,the blood glucose levels of the model group was significantly higher than those of the normal group(all P＜0.01);compared with the model group,the levels of blood glucose in the experimental-H,-M groups decreased significantly,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The relative expression levels of TGF-β,protein in normal group,model group,positive control group and experimental-H,-M groups were 0.71±0.16,1.66±0.18,1.00±0.17,0.88±0.15 and 1.23±0.15;the relative expression levels of smad3 protein were 0.89±0.32,2.26±0.35,1.24±0.31,1.05±0.30 and 1.67±0.35;the relative expression levels of smad7 protein were 1.66±0.03,0.60±0.03,1.10±0.07,1.48±0.08 and 0.97±0.09;there were statistically significant differences between the experimental-H,-M groups and the model group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Hedysarum polysaccharides can improve renal fibrosis and delay the development of diabetic nephropathy by regulating the level of blood glucose,inhibiting TGF-β1,smad3 and increasing the expression of smad7.

Objective:To observe the effects of modified Xuanfuhua Decoction on pain behaviour and spinal cord neuroinflammation mediated by phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38MAPK) signaling pathway in rats with sciatic nerve injury; To analyse the mechanism of its effects.Methods:Totally 108 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, pregabalin group, decoction low-, medium- and high-dosage groups, with 18 rats in each group. The CCI model was established by ligation of sciatic nerve in other groups except sham-operation group. On the postoperative day, the decoction low-, medium-, high-dosage groups were gavaged with 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 g/kg of modified Xuanfuhua Decoction concentrate, respectively. The pregabalin group was gavaged with 15 mg/kg of pregabalin. The sham-operation group and the model group were gavaged with equal amounts of saline once/d for 15 days. Pain behavioural assays were performed before, on the 3rd, 7th, 11th and 15th day of administration respectively. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10 were detected by ELISA method. The expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The phosphorylated p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) were measured in the spinal cord by Western blot.Results:Compared with the model group, the scores of spontaneous pain in decoction high-dosage group decreased ( P<0.05), the thermal foot shrinkage latency (TWL) was prolonged ( P<0.05), and the mechanical foot shrinkage reflex threshold (MWT) increased ( P<0.05); the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in spinal cord tissue of decoction low-, medium- and high-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.05), the level of IL-10 increased ( P<0.05), the average gray values of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in spinal cord decreased ( P<0.05), and the expression of P-P38MAPK protein decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Modified Xuanfuhua Decoction can effectively improve neurogenic pain in CCI rats, and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of p38MAPK-TLR4 signaling pathway activation-mediated spinal cord neuroinflammation.