Erchentang is a classic formula widely used by medical practitioners throughout history. In this paper，ancient and modern literature of Erchentang were collected， and bibliometrics was employed to analyze its historic evolution，prescription meaning，herbs origin， processing method，preparation methods， and clinical application. A total of 84 pieces of data were collected， and 58 pieces of data involving 53 ancient medical Chinese books were screened， sorted， and processed. Combined with research of modern scholars，the research has found that the Erchentang originated from the Taiping Huimin Huiye Shijie Fang compiled by the Imperial Medical Bureau of the Song Dynasty. The basic information about the origin of the drugs is quite clear. Pinelliae rhizoma in the formula is the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata. Citri exocarpium rubrum is the dried mature peel of Citrus reticulata and its cultivated varieties， with the inner white membrane removed. Poria is the whitest dry sclerotia of Poria cocos； Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of the Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The dosage is 5.70 g Pinelliae rhizome and Citri exocarpium rubrum， 3.43 g Poria， and 1.69 g Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma praeparata cum melle. During the decoction process， the above-mentioned herbs should be chopped， with 300 mL water， 7 g ginger in thick slices， and 2 g Mume fructus added， and it was then simmered together to 180 mL. After removing the medicinal residue， it can be taken warmly. Erchentang has the effect of drying dampness and resolving phlegm， regulating Qi and harmonizing the middle. It can be used in treating the syndrome of phlegm and dampness，as well as symptoms such as frequent cough，white phlegm，fullness in chest and diaphragm，nausea and vomiting，limb drowsiness，anorexia，dizziness，palpitations，white and greasy tongue coating， and slippery pulse. The above results provide reference for future research and development of Erchentang.

Helicobacter pylori(Hp)is a major pathogen that causes peptic ulcer,mucosa-associated tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer.Adhesion colonization is a prerequisite for the pathogenesis of Hp.After infec-tion,Hp first uses urease to neutralize gastric acid,and then it adapts to the environment through motility and chemotactic swimming of flagella.Finally,Hp adheres to gastric epithelial cells through outer membrane pro-teins.Some outer membrane proteins have the biological effect of transporting virulence factors,mediating in-flammation and assisting Hp to produce pathological changes on human body.This paper reviews the mecha-nism of main colonization factors of Hp.

Objective To investigate the value of continuous monitoring of indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes(ICG-R15)combined with standard residual liver volume(SRLV)in predicting hepatic insufficiency after partial hepatectomy.Methods Clinical data and SRLV data were collected from 70 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were admitted to Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,Tianjin First Central Hospital,from November 2016 to May 2017.According to the presence or absence of hepatic insufficiency after surgery,the patients were divided into good liver function group with 56 patients and hepatic insufficiency group with 14 patients.Based on preoperative liver function evaluation and contrast-enhanced CT scans,resected liver volume and residual liver volume were calculated,and three-dimensional reconstruction of the liver was performed.Intraoperative ultrasound localization was performed to determine the surgical regimen,and selective hepatic inflow occlusion or intermittent hepatic portal occlusion was selected based on intraoperative conditions.CUSA combined with BIPOLAR drip electric coagulation forceps were used for the partition of liver parenchyma.SRLV was calculated,and ICG-R15 was monitored continuously.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups,and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups;the area under the ROC curve(AUC)was used to investigate the accuracy in predicting hepatic insufficiency after surgery.A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a predictive model for postoperative hepatic insufficiency,and diagnostic criteria were developed for SLRV combined with postoperative ICG-R15 dynamic monitoring in the diagnosis of postoperative hepatic insufficiency.Results There were significant differences between the two groups in ICG-R15 before surgery,immediately after surgery,and on days 3 and 5 after surgery,as well as significant differences in SRLV and Child class(all P＜0.05).The incidence rate of postoperative hepatic insufficiency increased with the increase in ICG-R15 before surgery,immediately after surgery,and on days 3 and 5 after surgery(all P＜0.001).Further comparison between two groups showed that there was a significant difference in the incidence rate of hepatic insufficiency between the ICG-R15＞20%group and the other two groups before surgery,immediately after surgery,and on days 3 and 5 after surgery(all P＜0.001),and there was a significant difference in the incidence rate of hepatic insufficiency between the ICG-R15＜10%group and the 10%≤ICG-R15≤20%group immediately after surgery(P＜0.001).ICG-R15 before surgery,ICG-R15 immediately after surgery,ICG-R15 on day 3 after surgery,and ICG-R15 on day 5 after surgery had an AUC of 0.790,0.857,0.855,and 0.870,respectively,in predicting postoperative hepatic insufficiency,and ICG-R15 immediately after surgery and on days 3 and 5 after surgery had a significantly larger AUC than ICG-R15 before surgery(all P＜0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that increases in SRLV and postoperative ICG-R15 dynamic monitoring(immediately after surgery and on days 3 and 5 after surgery)were independent risk factors for postoperative hepatic insufficiency,while increased body mass index before surgery was an independent protective factor(all P＜0.05).A multivariate Logistic regression predictive model was established and was used to predict hepatic insufficiency after surgery(immediately after surgery and on days 3 and 5 after surgery),and the ROC curve analysis showed that the model had an AUC of 0.963,0.967,and 0.967,respectively,in predicting hepatic insufficiency immediately after surgery and on days 3 and 5 after surgery(all P＜0.01).Diagnostic criteria were developed for SLRV combined with postoperative ICG-R15 dynamic monitoring in the diagnosis of postoperative hepatic insufficiency,i.e.,SLRV＞1 240 mL/m2,ICG-R15＞20%immediately after surgery,or ICG-R15＞25%on day 3 or 5 after surgery,and postoperative hepatic insufficiency could be diagnosed if a patient met any one criterion.These diagnostic criteria had a sensitivity of 100%,a specificity of 60.71%,and a conformity degree of 68.57%.Conclusion Continuous monitoring of ICG-R15 before and after surgery is of guiding significance for predicting postoperative hepatic insufficiency,and ICG-R15 on day 5 after surgery has the highest accuracy.SRLV combined with postoperative ICG-R15 dynamic monitoring can effectively predict the onset of hepatic insufficiency after hepatectomy and can guide clinicians to predict the onset of postoperative hepatic insufficiency in patients with liver cancer and perform clinical intervention as soon as possible.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of new elderly malignant tumor cases in Tongren City from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of elderly malignant tumor in this area. Methods A retrospective analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of cases aged 60 and above who were first diagnosed with malignant tumors by pathology in our hospital from 2018 to 2022 was conducted based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Results The incidence rate of elderly malignant tumors in Tongren City increased from 123.83/100 000 in 2018 to 126.14/100 000 in 2022, and the incidence rate showed a trend of first rising and then declining. The top five tumors in incidence rate are lung cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer and cervical cancer. The tumor order has changed over the years except lung cancer, which was the first. Lung cancer was the main high incidence tumor among the elderly of all ages. With the increase of age, the number of bladder cancer patients increases significantly, and the number of colon cancer patients also shows an upward trend. The prevalence rate of lung cancer（χ²=16.032，P=0.014) , liver cancer（χ²=8.099，P=0.030) , bladder cancer（χ²=11.274 , P=0.018) , and gastric cancer（χ²=19.387 , P=0.011) in elderly people of different sexes was generally higher in men than in women, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Lung cancer , rectal cancer and liver cancer, as the malignant tumors with high case composition and rapid increase in the elderly, can be the focus of early screening and prevention of malignant tumors in the elderly in Tongren City, and men should pay more attention.

ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of Mahuang Xixin Fuzitang （MXFT） against migraine. MethodTraditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， SiwssTargetPrediction and other databases were used to screen the active components and action targets of MXFT as well as migraine-related targets. The potential protein-protein interaction （PPI） network diagram was plotted for the intersection targets of MXFT and migraine using STRING 11.5. Metascape was used for Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis of potential intersection targets. The component-target-pathway network of MXFT was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 to screen core targets with high degree value. Finally， the binding strength between core target and its mapping components was verified by molecular docking， and the core targets with desirable docking results were verified by animal experiments in vivo. Forty eight SD rats were selected， and except the blank group， the other rats were subcutaneously injected with nitroglycerin to prepare the migraine rat model. The modeled rats were randomly divided into model group， positive drug group and MXFT high-， medium- and low-dose groups. The positive drug group was given zolmitriptan tablets， and the MXFT high-， medium- and low-dose groups were given high， medium and low doses of MXFT， respectively. The changes of behavior and pain threshold of rats in each group were observed every other day after modeling. The levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）， extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 （ERK2） and c-fos proto-oncogene （FOS） protein in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Immunohistochemical technique and Western blot were employed to determine the levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2， also known as MAPK1/3） and protein kinase B 1 （Akt1）， protein kinase C α （PRKCA） in trigeminal nerve of SD rats. ResultThe network pharmacology showed that the core targets of MXFT in the treatment of migraine were MAPK1， MAPK3， Akt1， PRKCA， etc.， mainly involving neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway， calcium signaling pathway， MAPK signaling pathway， etc. The molecular docking demonstrated that MAPK1， MAPK3， Akt1， PRKCA， PRKCB and PRKCG had good binding ability with their mapping components. The animal experiments indicated that compared with the conditions in the blank group， the number of head scratching in the model group was increased （P<0.01）， and the pain threshold was decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with the conditions in the model group， the number of head scratching in each administration group was reduced （P<0.01）， and the pain threshold was increased （P<0.01）. In addition， the levels of CGRP， ERK2 and FOS proteins in plasma， and Akt1， ERK1/2 and PRKCA proteins in trigeminal ganglion of the model group were higher than those of the blank group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The levels of CGRP， ERK2 and FOS proteins in plasma and Akt1， ERK1/2 and PRKCA proteins in trigeminal ganglion of each administration group were lower than those of the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionMXFT had multi-component， multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics in the treatment of migraine， and the mechanism might be related to inhibiting vasodilation， reducing the release of inflammatory factors and inhibiting neuronal hyperactivity.

Objective:To explore the effects of "rain classroom" wisdom teaching on geriatric students′ autonomous learning ability and self-efficacy.Methods:From June to August, 2021, 61 nursing students who practiced in the department of gerontology of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were selected as research subjects, and divided into experimental group (30 students) and control group (31 students) by random number table method. In the experimental group, wisdom teaching based on "Rain classroom" was carried out at the same time as conventional teaching, while in the control group, conventional teaching was carried out, and the teaching effect was evaluated by the independent learning ability measurement scale and academic self-efficacy scale of nursing students.Results:The score of autonomous learning ability of nursing students in the experimental group was 68.55 ± 11.06, and that in the control group was 74.29 ± 9.16. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t = -2.01, P<0.05). The academic self-efficacy scores of nursing students in experimental group and control group were 52.27 ± 11.56 and 52.64 ± 9.28 respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The wisdom teaching of "rain classroom" improves the independent learning ability of geriatric nursing students, and attaches importance to the cultivation of self-efficacy of nursing students, and the improvement of self-efficacy needs further research.

Both diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma are important global health issues. A large number of studies have confirmed that diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma are inseparable. The main reasons include the imbalance of insulin-like growth factor system caused by insulin resistance, increased reactive oxygen species and disorder of adipokines. Hepatitis C virus infection may also cause diabetes. This article reviewed the common pathogenesis and related pathways of the two diseases, and provided therapeutic options for the diseases.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the new treatment regimen versus the standardized scheme for the initial treatment of smear-positive tuberculosis in the elderly.Methods A total of 302 elderly patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from 14 tuberculosis-designated medical institutions in Beijing.The patients received the initial treatment of smear-positive tuberculosis from January 2014 to August 2016 in the combined prospective and retrospective study.All patients were divided into observation group(n=63)receiving treatment with 6L2 HELfx regimen from August 1,2015 to August 31,2016,and control group (n =239) receiving treatment with 6L2HELfx regimen from January 1,2014 to January 31,2015.The nation-unified standard chemotherapy regimen 2RHZE/4RH was used in tuberculosis medical service institutions for all patients.The differences between the two groups were analyzed and compared in the completion of treatment,negative conversion of sputum culture or smear,adverse drug reactions and treatment outcome.Results The completion rate of long-course therapy was significantly higher in the observation group than in control group [90.5％ (57/63) vs.79.5％ (190/239),x2 =4.034,P =0.045].The rate of negative conversion of sputum culture or smear at the end of the 2nd month was higher in the observation group than in control group,but had no significant difference[87.0％ (47/54)vs.81.6％(155/190),x2 =0.879,P=0.349].The incidence of adverse reactions was much lower in observation group than in control group[46.0％ (29/63) vs.65.3％ (156/239),x2 =7.777,P =0.005].The success rate of treatment(cure or completion of long-course therapy)was higher in observation group than in control group [90.5％ (57/63) vs.77.4％ (185/239),x2 =5.350,P =0.021].ConclusioNS As compared with the standard chemotherapy regimen,the L and Lfxcontaining treatment regimen has better effects,higher success rate of treatment and less adverse reactions in elderly patients with the initial treatment of smear-positive tuberculosis.

Objective: To study the effect of WT1 expression on the prognosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in acute leukemia (AL) and its significance as molecular marker to dynamically monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) . Methods: Retrospectively analyzed those AL patients who underwent allo-HSCT in the First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine during Jan 2016 to Dec 2017, a total number of 314 cases, 163 males and 151 females, median age was 30 (9-64) years old. Comparing the difference of WT1 expression at diagnosed, pre-HSCT and after HSCT. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the WT1 threshold at different time so as to predict relapse. The threshold of WT1 expression before transplantation was 1.010%, within 3 months after HSCT was 0.079% and 6 months after HSCT was 0.375%. According to these thresholds, WT1 positive patients were divided into low expression groups and high expression groups. Analyzed the relationship between overall survival (OS) , disease-free survival (DFS) , cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and WT1 expression. Results: The OS and DFS of high expression group pre-HSCT were lower than low expression group [69.2% (9/13) vs 89.1% (57/64) , χ²=4.086, P=0.043; 53.8% (7/13) vs 87.5% (56/64) , χ²=9.766, P=0.002], CIR was higher than low expression group [30.8% (4/13) vs 7.8% (5/64) , P=0.017]. There was no significant difference of OS and DFS between high expression and low expression group of 3 months after HSCT (P=0.558, P=0.269) . The OS and DFS of high expression group of 6 months after transplantation were both lower than low expression group (P=0.049, P=0.035) . Multivariate analysis showed that WT1>0.375% when 6 months after transplantation was the only independent prognostic factor for shorter DFS (P=0.022) . There was no statistically significant difference in CIR between the high-expression group and the low-expression group 3 months after transplantation and 6 months after transplantation (P=0.114, P=0.306) . Conclusion High expression of WT1 before and after HSCT was an adverse prognosis factor. It is of clinical practical value to use WT1 as a transplant recommendation index for patients with acute leukemia and as a marker to monitor MRD dynamically.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Enalapril maleate folic acid tablets on carotid atherosclerosis in H type hypertension patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its potential mechanism.METHODS: In prospective control study, 182 H type hypertension patients with T2DM were selected from Chongqing People's Hospital during Jan. 2014-Jan. 2016, and then randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 91 cases in each group. All patients received basic or hypoglycemic treatment of premixed insulin; observation group was additionally given Enalapril maleate folic acid tablets (containing enalapril maleate 10 mg, folic acid 0. 8 mg in each tablet) orally, one tablet, qd; control group was additionally given Enalapril maleate tablets (containing enalapril maleate 10 mg in each tablet) orally, one tablet, qd. Treatment course lasted for 12 months. The levels of blood pressure, plasma homocysteine (Hcy), fasting blood glucose (FBG), C-reactive protein (CRP) and carotid plaque score were detected in 2 groups before treatment, 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: Compared to before treatment, SBP and DBP of 2 groups were decreased significantly in 2 groups after 12 months of treatment (P<0. 05); there was no statistical significance between 2 groups (P>0. 05). The levels of plasma Hcy, FBG and CRP, carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque integral in observation group were significantly lower than control group (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Enalapril maleate folic acid tablets can relieve inflammation by reducing plasma Hcy, FBG and CRP so as to treat carotid atherosclerosis in H type hypertension patients with T2DM.