[Objective] To analyze the loss rate of platelet donors and evaluate the strategies for establishing a platelet donor bank. [Methods] A total of 1 443 donors who joined the HLA and HPA gene donor bank for platelets in Henan Province from 2018 to 2020 were included in this study. Data on the total number of apheresis platelet donations, annual donation frequency, age at enrollment, donation habits (including the number of platelets donated per session and whether they had previously donated whole blood), and enrollment location were collected from the platelet donor information management system. Donor loss was determined based on the date of their last donation. The loss rates of different groups under various conditions were compared to assess the enrollment strategies. [Results] By the time the platelet bank was officially operational in 2022, 421 donors had been lost, resulting in an loss rate of 29% (421/1 443). By the end of 2023, the overall cumulative loss rate reached 52% (746/1 443). The loss rate was lower than the overall level in groups meeting any of the following conditions: total apheresis platelet donations exceeding 50, annual donation frequency of 10 or more, age at enrollment of 40 years or older, donation of more than a single therapeutic dose per session, or a history of whole blood donation two or more times. Additionally, loss rates varied across different enrollment locations, with higher enrollment numbers generally associated with higher loss rates. [Conclusion] Through a comprehensive analysis of donor loss, our center has adjusted its strategies for establishing the donor pool. These findings also provide valuable insights for other blood collection and supply institutions in building platelet donor banks.

The majority of shift work nurses have poor sleep quality,and chronic low quality sleep can adversely affect their physical and mental health,work performance,and patient safety.Non-pharmacologic interventions have a high safety profile and can be effective in improving sleep quality.This article reviews the factors affecting sleep quality,the theoretical basis,non-pharmacological interventions,and their effects among nurses at home and abroad,and proposes an outlook for the future,aims to provide theoretical guidance for the development of well-targeted and scientifically sound intervention programmes in the future.

Objective:To investigate the effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection on ocular surface in patients with blepharospasm and dry eye.Methods:In this prospective study, 56 patients (83 eyes) with essential blepharospasm who were treated with BTX-A in the Department of Ophthalmology of Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2020 to January 2022 were included. The patients were divided into blepharospasm with dry eye group (group A, 50 eyes) and simple blepharospasm group (group B, 33 eyes) according to whether they were accompanied by dry eye. The Oculus Keratograph was used to evaluate tear meniscus height (TMH), tear break-up time (BUT), ocular bulbar redness, and corneal fluorescein staining. The OPD-Scan III analyzer was used to measure the corneal surface regularity index. The Ocular Surface Disease Index and meibomian gland analysis were performed to diagnose dry eye before treatment. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were conducted to analyze the data. In patients with unilateral conditions, the ocular surface data of the affected and healthy eyes were compared before treatment. The severity of blepharospasm was evaluated in both groups before treatment and 1 week after treatment. Results:Among the 56 patients, 57.1% (32/56) were diagnosed with dry eye. One week after BTX-A injection treatment, both groups demonstrated varying degrees of improvement in their conditions. In patients with unilateral blepharospasm, pre-treatment ocular surface examinations indicated that the affected eye had a lower tear BUT of (6.67 ± 3.86) seconds and a lower TMH of (0.18 ± 0.07) mm compared with the healthy eye, which showed (10.20 ± 5.95) seconds for BUT and (0.20 ± 0.05) mm for TMH ( t = -3.94, -2.44, both P < 0.05). Additionally, the ocular bulbar redness value was significantly higher in the affected eye [(1.75 ± 0.38)] than in the healthy eye [(1.65 ± 0.47), t = 2.16, P < 0.05]. After treatment, both groups exhibited significant increases in BUT and TMH compared with their pre-treatment values ( t = -6.27, -4.21, -2.56, -3.12, all P < 0.05). Furthermore, both groups showed significant decreases in ocular bulbar redness values compared with pre-treatment values ( t = 3.04, 3.32, both P < 0.05). In group A, the corneal fluorescein staining score post-treatment was significantly lower than the pre-treatment value ( Z = 2.10, P < 0.05). However, in group B, the FL score did not show a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment. ( Z = 0.03, P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in the surface regularity index between the two groups both before and after treatment ( t = 1.35, 0.65, both P > 0.05). Conclusions:Blepharospasm can affect the stability of the tear film on the ocular surface, and BTX-A injection can help relieve dry eye caused by essential blepharospasm.

The majority of shift work nurses have poor sleep quality,and chronic low quality sleep can adversely affect their physical and mental health,work performance,and patient safety.Non-pharmacologic interventions have a high safety profile and can be effective in improving sleep quality.This article reviews the factors affecting sleep quality,the theoretical basis,non-pharmacological interventions,and their effects among nurses at home and abroad,and proposes an outlook for the future,aims to provide theoretical guidance for the development of well-targeted and scientifically sound intervention programmes in the future.

Objective:To investigate the effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection on ocular surface in patients with blepharospasm and dry eye.Methods:In this prospective study, 56 patients (83 eyes) with essential blepharospasm who were treated with BTX-A in the Department of Ophthalmology of Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2020 to January 2022 were included. The patients were divided into blepharospasm with dry eye group (group A, 50 eyes) and simple blepharospasm group (group B, 33 eyes) according to whether they were accompanied by dry eye. The Oculus Keratograph was used to evaluate tear meniscus height (TMH), tear break-up time (BUT), ocular bulbar redness, and corneal fluorescein staining. The OPD-Scan III analyzer was used to measure the corneal surface regularity index. The Ocular Surface Disease Index and meibomian gland analysis were performed to diagnose dry eye before treatment. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were conducted to analyze the data. In patients with unilateral conditions, the ocular surface data of the affected and healthy eyes were compared before treatment. The severity of blepharospasm was evaluated in both groups before treatment and 1 week after treatment. Results:Among the 56 patients, 57.1% (32/56) were diagnosed with dry eye. One week after BTX-A injection treatment, both groups demonstrated varying degrees of improvement in their conditions. In patients with unilateral blepharospasm, pre-treatment ocular surface examinations indicated that the affected eye had a lower tear BUT of (6.67 ± 3.86) seconds and a lower TMH of (0.18 ± 0.07) mm compared with the healthy eye, which showed (10.20 ± 5.95) seconds for BUT and (0.20 ± 0.05) mm for TMH ( t = -3.94, -2.44, both P < 0.05). Additionally, the ocular bulbar redness value was significantly higher in the affected eye [(1.75 ± 0.38)] than in the healthy eye [(1.65 ± 0.47), t = 2.16, P < 0.05]. After treatment, both groups exhibited significant increases in BUT and TMH compared with their pre-treatment values ( t = -6.27, -4.21, -2.56, -3.12, all P < 0.05). Furthermore, both groups showed significant decreases in ocular bulbar redness values compared with pre-treatment values ( t = 3.04, 3.32, both P < 0.05). In group A, the corneal fluorescein staining score post-treatment was significantly lower than the pre-treatment value ( Z = 2.10, P < 0.05). However, in group B, the FL score did not show a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment. ( Z = 0.03, P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences in the surface regularity index between the two groups both before and after treatment ( t = 1.35, 0.65, both P > 0.05). Conclusions:Blepharospasm can affect the stability of the tear film on the ocular surface, and BTX-A injection can help relieve dry eye caused by essential blepharospasm.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)in patients with severe connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary hypertension(CTD-PAH).Methods A total of 48 patients diagnosed with CTD-PAH by right heart catheterization(RHC)in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from June 2018 to July 2021 were retrospectively included.The parameters of right ventricular(RV)morphology,function and ventricular septum(IVS)were obtained by manual delineation on CMR images and corrected by body surface area.The late gadolinium enhancement(LGE)myocardial mass(MM)and its percentage in left ventricular(LV)MM were manually sketched and calculated on LGE images.The patients were divided into the mild-moderate group and the severe group according to mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP).CMR parameters were compared between the two groups.The diagnostic value of CMR for severe CTD-PAH was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results A total of 48 patients with CTD-PAH were included in this study.The curvature of interventricular septum(CIVS)and RV ejection fraction(EF)were lower in the severe group than those in the mild-moderate group,and the time proportion of IVS deformation,RV end-diastolic volume index(EDVI),RV end-systolic volume index(ESVI)and RV MM were higher than those in the mild-moderate group(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that RV MM,time proportion of IVS deformation and RV ESVI had better diagnostic efficacy in severe CTD-PAH patients(AUC was 0.792,0.766 and 0.731,respectively).The combined AUC of the three parameters was 0.840,specificity was 85.7%and sensitivity was 79.4%.Conclusion The parameters of RV and IVS measured by CMR can effectively evaluate patients with severe CTD-PAH and directly reflect serverity of cardiac impairment in patients with severe CTD-PAH from the morphological and functional perspective.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of three spot urine methods (Kawasaki, INTERSALT and Tanaka) for estimating the 24 h urinary sodium excretion in the Chinese population.Methods:In 2017, 1 499 participants aged 18 to 69 years old were selected from Yiwu City, Haining City, Taishun County, Yinzhou District of Ningbo City and Liandu District of Lishui City of Zhejiang Province by using the multistage random sampling method. Sociodemographic information of the subjects was collected with questionnaires and physical measurements were performed. 24 h urine was collected and urinary volume was recorded. The concentrations of urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine were also measured. Kawasaki, INTERSALT and Tanaka spot urine methods were applied to estimate the 24 h urinary sodium excretion and compared with actual values among 1 426 participants who passed urine integrity test.Results:The age of participants was (46.71±14.04) years old, including 700 males, accounting for 49.1%. The actual value of 24 h urinary sodium excretion was (167.10±74.70) mmol, but Kawasaki method overestimated it as (184.61±57.10) mmol, and INTERSALT and Tanaka methods underestimated it as(134.62±39.21) and (143.20±35.66) mmol. Estimated difference (95 %CI) (mmol) from small to large was Kawasaki method [17.51 (13.54, 21.47)], Tanaka method [-23.90 (-27.60, -20.20)] and INTERSALT method [-32.48 (-36.29, -28.67)]. With the increase of 24 h sodium intake, all estimation methods changed from the overestimation to underestimation. In those with 24 h sodium intake <9.0 g, the estimated difference (95 %CI) of the INTERSALT method was the smallest as 43.15 (37.73, 48.57) and 1.26 (-2.10, 4.63) mmol for <6.0 and 6.0-8.9 g groups, respectively. In those with 24 h sodium intake≥9.0 g, the Kawasaki method had the smallest estimated difference (95 %CI) as -12.50 (-18.14, -6.86) and -53.73 (-61.25, -46.22) for 9.0-11.9 g and ≥ 12.0 g group, respectively. The consistency analysis of the Bland-Altman method showed that the Kawasaki method had the best consistency with actual measured value and it had the least number of points outside the range (69 points accounting for 4.84%). Conclusion:Among the three spot urine methods, the Kawasaki method has better applicability in predicting the excretion of 24 h urine sodium in the Chinese population.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of three spot urine methods (Kawasaki, INTERSALT and Tanaka) for estimating the 24 h urinary sodium excretion in the Chinese population.Methods:In 2017, 1 499 participants aged 18 to 69 years old were selected from Yiwu City, Haining City, Taishun County, Yinzhou District of Ningbo City and Liandu District of Lishui City of Zhejiang Province by using the multistage random sampling method. Sociodemographic information of the subjects was collected with questionnaires and physical measurements were performed. 24 h urine was collected and urinary volume was recorded. The concentrations of urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine were also measured. Kawasaki, INTERSALT and Tanaka spot urine methods were applied to estimate the 24 h urinary sodium excretion and compared with actual values among 1 426 participants who passed urine integrity test.Results:The age of participants was (46.71±14.04) years old, including 700 males, accounting for 49.1%. The actual value of 24 h urinary sodium excretion was (167.10±74.70) mmol, but Kawasaki method overestimated it as (184.61±57.10) mmol, and INTERSALT and Tanaka methods underestimated it as(134.62±39.21) and (143.20±35.66) mmol. Estimated difference (95 %CI) (mmol) from small to large was Kawasaki method [17.51 (13.54, 21.47)], Tanaka method [-23.90 (-27.60, -20.20)] and INTERSALT method [-32.48 (-36.29, -28.67)]. With the increase of 24 h sodium intake, all estimation methods changed from the overestimation to underestimation. In those with 24 h sodium intake <9.0 g, the estimated difference (95 %CI) of the INTERSALT method was the smallest as 43.15 (37.73, 48.57) and 1.26 (-2.10, 4.63) mmol for <6.0 and 6.0-8.9 g groups, respectively. In those with 24 h sodium intake≥9.0 g, the Kawasaki method had the smallest estimated difference (95 %CI) as -12.50 (-18.14, -6.86) and -53.73 (-61.25, -46.22) for 9.0-11.9 g and ≥ 12.0 g group, respectively. The consistency analysis of the Bland-Altman method showed that the Kawasaki method had the best consistency with actual measured value and it had the least number of points outside the range (69 points accounting for 4.84%). Conclusion:Among the three spot urine methods, the Kawasaki method has better applicability in predicting the excretion of 24 h urine sodium in the Chinese population.

Objective: To understand prevalence, control of hypertension and intake of sodium and potassium among residents aged 50-69 years old in Zhejiang Province. Methods: A multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 032 residents aged 50-69 years old in Zhejiang Province. The demographic characteristics, prevalence and control of hypertension were collected through a questionnaire survey, and physical measurement was also performed. The stratified random sampling method was used to detect the level of sodium and potassium in the 24 h urine of 676 subjects. The total amount of 24 h urinary sodium ≥102.55 mmol and the ratio of 24 h urinary sodium and potassium content ≥2 were defined as excessive. Results: The prevalence of hypertension (95%CI) was 56.89% (54.39%-59.40%), and the awareness, treatment and control rate of hypertension were 58.25% (55.01%-61.49%), 45.37% (42.10%-48.65%) and 19.75% (17.01%-22.50%), respectively. 78.99% (n=534) of residents had excessive 24 h urinary sodium, and 95.41% (n=360) of residents had excessive ratio of 24 h urinary sodium and potassium. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in residents aged 50-69 years old in Zhejiang Province was at a high level, and the control of hypertension was not satisfactory in 2017. Most of residents have excessive level of sodium intake and the level of sodium and potassium intake was not balanced.

Objective To understand prevalence, control of hypertension and intake of sodium and potassium among residents aged 50-69 years old in Zhejiang Province. Methods A multi?stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 032 residents aged 50-69 years old in Zhejiang Province. The demographic characteristics, prevalence and control of hypertension were collected through a questionnaire survey, and physical measurement was also performed. The stratified random sampling method was used to detect the level of sodium and potassium in the 24 h urine of 676 subjects. The total amount of 24 h urinary sodium ≥102.55 mmol and the ratio of 24 h urinary sodium and potassium content ≥2 were defined as excessive. Results The prevalence of hypertension (95%CI) was 56.89% (54.39%-59.40%), and the awareness, treatment and control rate of hypertension were 58.25% (55.01%-61.49%), 45.37% (42.10%-48.65%) and 19.75% (17.01%-22.50%), respectively. 78.99% (n=534) of residents had excessive 24 h urinary sodium, and 95.41% (n=360) of residents had excessive ratio of 24 h urinary sodium and potassium. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in residents aged 50-69 years old in Zhejiang Province was at a high level, and the control of hypertension was not satisfactory in 2017. Most of residents have excessive level of sodium intake and the level of sodium and potassium intake was not balanced.