Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.
Humans ; Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Consensus

Chromosome karyotyping is a critical way to diagnose various hematological malignancies and genetic diseases, of which chromosome detection in raw metaphase cell images is the most critical and challenging step. In this work, focusing on the joint optimization of chromosome localization and classification, we propose ChromTR to accurately detect and classify 24 classes of chromosomes in raw metaphase cell images. ChromTR incorporates semantic feature learning and class distribution learning into a unified DETR-based detection framework. Specifically, we first propose a Semantic Feature Learning Network (SFLN) for semantic feature extraction and chromosome foreground region segmentation with object-wise supervision. Next, we construct a Semantic-Aware Transformer (SAT) with two parallel encoders and a Semantic-Aware decoder to integrate global visual and semantic features. To provide a prediction with a precise chromosome number and category distribution, a Category Distribution Reasoning Module (CDRM) is built for foreground-background objects and chromosome class distribution reasoning. We evaluate ChromTR on 1404 newly collected R-band metaphase images and the public G-band dataset AutoKary2022. Our proposed ChromTR outperforms all previous chromosome detection methods with an average precision of 92.56% in R-band chromosome detection, surpassing the baseline method by 3.02%. In a clinical test, ChromTR is also confident in tackling normal and numerically abnormal karyotypes. When extended to the chromosome enumeration task, ChromTR also demonstrates state-of-the-art performances on R-band and G-band two metaphase image datasets. Given these superior performances to other methods, our proposed method has been applied to assist clinical karyotype diagnosis.
Humans ; Metaphase ; Karyotyping/methods* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Algorithms ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics*

China has largest number of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, with complex distribution of genotypes, high proportion of refractory types and low diagnosis and treatment rate. It is necessary to explore accessible pan-genotype antiviral treatment protocols with high cure rate. Currently, the direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are recommended as the main treatment regimes by international guidelines for hepatitis C. Ravidasvir (RDV) is a new generation of NS5a inhibitor, which can be widely used in treatment of gene type 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 CHC with strong antiviral activity and high resistance barrier. A number of clinical studies demonstrate that the combination of ravidavir with DAA S, such as second-generation protease inhibitor danoprevir (DNV) and nucleoside NS5b inhibitor sofosbuvir (SOF) have gained high cure rate and good safety for CHC patients. In this article, the results of related studies on ravidavir-based antiretroviral regimens in treatment of CHC are reviewed.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of bone mineral density (BMD) of T12 for replacing abnormal L1 or L2 for diagnosis of osteoporosis during lung cancer screening with low-dose CT and bone mineral density examination with quantitative CT. Methods: Totally 1 298 healthy individuals who underwent lung cancer screening with low-dose CT and BMD examination with quantitative CT were enrolled. BMD of T12 to L2 vertebrae were measured, and the calibrated BMD of T12 was calculated and recorded as T12*. Taking L1+L2 as diagnostic criteria, the consistencies in bone mass assessment and the differences in diagnosis of osteoporosis among vertebral combinations of T12+L1, T12+L2, T12*+L1, T12*+L2 and L1+L2 were analyzed, respectively. Results: There were good consistencies between vertebral combinations and L1+L2 in bone mass assessment (all Kappa>0.75, all P<0.05). The specificities of vertebral combinations in osteoporosis diagnosis were all >98%. The sensitivities of T12+L1 and T12+L2 in osteoporosis diagnosis were 73.33% (143/195) and 77.95% (152/195), respectively, whereas of T12*+L1 and T12*+L2 in osteoporosis diagnosis were 83.08% (162/195) and 90.26% (176/195), respectively. Conclusion: BMD of T12 for replacing abnormal L1 or L2 during quantitative CT can reduce the sensitivity in diagnosis of osteoporosis, therefore BMD of T12 should be calibrated in measurement.

Objective To observe the influence of telephone follow-up and home follow-up on compliance behavior and activities of daily living (ADL) of stroke patients during rehabilitation. Methods 50 cases were as telephone follow-up group and 50 cases were as home follow-up group extracted from 355 stroke patients who discharged the hospital during August 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012. They were followed up 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after discharge respectively. Their ADL were assessed with Bathel index (BI) at discharge and 3 months after discharge, and the compliance behavior were assessed 3 months after discharge. Results There was no significant difference in the score of BI between 2 groups at discharge (P>0.05), and the score of BI improved in both groups 3 months after discharge (P<0.05), but it was higher in the home follow-up group than in the telephone follow-up group (P<0.05), as well as the rate of compliance behavior (P<0.01). Conclusion Regular home follow-up can improve the compliance behavior of stroke patients during rehabilitation.