Objective:To understand the prevalence of occasional hypertension in preschool children in three provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, and analyze the relationship between their sleep status and occasional hypertension.Methods:From October to November 2017, a total of 24 842 preschool children from 109 kindergartens in 11 cities in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces were selected by intentional sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was used to collect basic information about the subjects, and the sleep status data was collected by the Children′s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Physical examinations were performed on the subjects, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured on-site. The difference in occasional hypertension detection rate among preschool children with different characteristics was compared, and the correlation between sleep status and occasional hypertension detection rate was analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression model.Results:The age of the subjects was (4.4±1.0) years, including 12 729 boys (51.2%). The prevalence of occasional hypertension was 31.8% (7 907/24 842). The prevalence of occasional hypertension among preschool children in three provinces of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was 31.8%. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of occasional hypertension among preschool children of different genders, age groups, family residence, family economic status and parents′ education level (all P values<0.05). The detection rate of occasional hypertension in children with less than 10 hours of sleep was higher than those with sufficient sleep, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for factors such as gender, age, family residence, family economic status, parental education level, parental smoking history, and physical constitution, the ORs (95% CI) for less than 10 hours of sleep, turning on the lights while sleeping, and poor sleep quality were 1.09 (1.03-1.15), 1.17 (1.07-1.28) and 1.04 (0.91-1.18), respectively, compared with the corresponding reference group. Conclusion:The detection rate of occasional hypertension is high in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and there is a positive correlation between insufficient sleep and turning on the light when sleeping and occasional hypertension in preschool children.

Objective:To understand the prevalence of occasional hypertension in preschool children in three provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, and analyze the relationship between their sleep status and occasional hypertension.Methods:From October to November 2017, a total of 24 842 preschool children from 109 kindergartens in 11 cities in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces were selected by intentional sampling method. A self-made questionnaire was used to collect basic information about the subjects, and the sleep status data was collected by the Children′s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Physical examinations were performed on the subjects, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured on-site. The difference in occasional hypertension detection rate among preschool children with different characteristics was compared, and the correlation between sleep status and occasional hypertension detection rate was analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression model.Results:The age of the subjects was (4.4±1.0) years, including 12 729 boys (51.2%). The prevalence of occasional hypertension was 31.8% (7 907/24 842). The prevalence of occasional hypertension among preschool children in three provinces of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was 31.8%. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of occasional hypertension among preschool children of different genders, age groups, family residence, family economic status and parents′ education level (all P values<0.05). The detection rate of occasional hypertension in children with less than 10 hours of sleep was higher than those with sufficient sleep, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for factors such as gender, age, family residence, family economic status, parental education level, parental smoking history, and physical constitution, the ORs (95% CI) for less than 10 hours of sleep, turning on the lights while sleeping, and poor sleep quality were 1.09 (1.03-1.15), 1.17 (1.07-1.28) and 1.04 (0.91-1.18), respectively, compared with the corresponding reference group. Conclusion:The detection rate of occasional hypertension is high in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and there is a positive correlation between insufficient sleep and turning on the light when sleeping and occasional hypertension in preschool children.

Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis* ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis* ; Body Weight/immunology* ; COVID-19/virology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung/virology* ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Nasal Cavity/virology* ; RNA, Viral/immunology* ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity* ; Severity of Illness Index ; Viral Load

Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Smoke/adverse effects* ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution

SARS-CoV-2 is a new RNA virus affecting humans and spreads extensively throughout the world since its first outbreak in December,2019.Whether the transmissibility and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in humans after zoonotic transfer are actively evolving,and driven by adaptation to the new host and environments is still under debate.Understanding the evolutionary mechanism underlying epidemiological and pathological characteristics of COVID-19 is essential for predicting the epidemic trend,and providing guidance for disease control and treatments.Interrogating novel strategies for identifying natural selection using within-species polymorphisms and 3,674,076 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences of 169 countries as of December 30,2021,we demonstrate with popula-tion genetic evidence that during the course of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in humans,1)SARS-CoV-2 genomes are overall conserved under purifying selection,especially for the 14 genes related to viral RNA replication,transcription,and assembly;2)ongoing positive selection is actively driving the evolution of 6 genes(e.g.,S,ORF3a,and N)that play critical roles in molecular processes involving pathogen-host interactions,including viral invasion into and egress from host cells,and viral inhi-bition and evasion of host immune response,possibly leading to high transmissibility and mild symptom in SARS-CoV-2 evolution.According to an established haplotype phylogenetic relation-ship of 138 viral clusters,a spatial and temporal landscape of 556 critical mutations is constructed based on their divergence among viral haplotype clusters or repeatedly increase in frequency within at least 2 clusters,of which multiple mutations potentially conferring alterations in viral transmis-sibility,pathogenicity,and virulence of SARS-CoV-2 are highlighted,warranting attention.

Objective:To compare the safety of the generic and the original regorafenib tablets.Methods:Two single center, randomized, open-label, 2-period self-crossover phase I clinical trials (single dose) were conducted under fasting condition and with low-fat meal respectively in healthy adult volunteers. The test preparation (T) of regorafenib was produced by Beijing Sl Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. and the reference preparation (R) was produced by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. In the 2 trials, male healthy subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups, respectively, and took 2 times of the preparations with different order in each group, which were R-T group (subjects took R on day 1 and then T on day 13) and T-R group (subjects took T on day 1 and then R on day 13). The subjects took drugs under fasting condition and with low-fat meal in the 2 trials respectively. After medication, vital signs detection, electrocardiogram, general physical examination, blood routine, blood biochemical, coagulation function, and other tests were performed regularly, and the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) were recorded and the severity of AEs was assessed.Results:Sixty-four subjects were enrolled in the trial under fasting condition, including 32 in the T-R group and 32 in the R-T group, and the safety data was obtained from 61 and 57 subjects taking T and R, respectively. Seventy-six subjects were included in the postprandial trial, including 38 in the T-R group and 38 in the R-T group, and the safety data was obtained from 74 subjects taking T and R, respectively. In the 2 trials, there was no significant difference in the incidence of AEs between subjects taking T and those taking R [41.0% (25/61) vs. 31.6% (18/57), χ2=1.125, P=0.289; 56.8% (42/74) vs. 45.9% (34/74), χ2=0.183, P=0.188]. A total of 230 AEs occurred in the 2 trials, of which 228 cases were grade 1 (99.1%, 131 and 97 AEs occurred in subjects taking T and R, respectively), 2 cases were grade 2 (0.9%, 1 AE occurred in subjects taking T and R, respectively), and no grade ≥ 3 AEs occurred. The types of AEs occurred in the 2 trials were the same, of which bradycardia was the most common, followed by prolonged QT interval of ECG. All ECG abnormalities were found during routine examinations, and no subjects had obvious clinical symptoms. Conclusion:The safety of the generic and the original regorafenib tablets was consistent after a single dose administration under fasting condition and with low-fat meal.

Objective:To compare the safety of the generic and the original regorafenib tablets.Methods:Two single center, randomized, open-label, 2-period self-crossover phase I clinical trials (single dose) were conducted under fasting condition and with low-fat meal respectively in healthy adult volunteers. The test preparation (T) of regorafenib was produced by Beijing Sl Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. and the reference preparation (R) was produced by Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. In the 2 trials, male healthy subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups, respectively, and took 2 times of the preparations with different order in each group, which were R-T group (subjects took R on day 1 and then T on day 13) and T-R group (subjects took T on day 1 and then R on day 13). The subjects took drugs under fasting condition and with low-fat meal in the 2 trials respectively. After medication, vital signs detection, electrocardiogram, general physical examination, blood routine, blood biochemical, coagulation function, and other tests were performed regularly, and the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) were recorded and the severity of AEs was assessed.Results:Sixty-four subjects were enrolled in the trial under fasting condition, including 32 in the T-R group and 32 in the R-T group, and the safety data was obtained from 61 and 57 subjects taking T and R, respectively. Seventy-six subjects were included in the postprandial trial, including 38 in the T-R group and 38 in the R-T group, and the safety data was obtained from 74 subjects taking T and R, respectively. In the 2 trials, there was no significant difference in the incidence of AEs between subjects taking T and those taking R [41.0% (25/61) vs. 31.6% (18/57), χ2=1.125, P=0.289; 56.8% (42/74) vs. 45.9% (34/74), χ2=0.183, P=0.188]. A total of 230 AEs occurred in the 2 trials, of which 228 cases were grade 1 (99.1%, 131 and 97 AEs occurred in subjects taking T and R, respectively), 2 cases were grade 2 (0.9%, 1 AE occurred in subjects taking T and R, respectively), and no grade ≥ 3 AEs occurred. The types of AEs occurred in the 2 trials were the same, of which bradycardia was the most common, followed by prolonged QT interval of ECG. All ECG abnormalities were found during routine examinations, and no subjects had obvious clinical symptoms. Conclusion:The safety of the generic and the original regorafenib tablets was consistent after a single dose administration under fasting condition and with low-fat meal.

Bioremediation is considered as a cost-effective, efficient and free-of-secondary-pollution technology for petroleum pollution remediation. Due to the limitation of soil environmental conditions and the nature of petroleum pollutants, the insufficient number and the low growth rate of indigenous petroleum-degrading microorganisms in soil lead to long remediation cycle and poor remediation efficiency. Bioaugmentation can effectively improve the biodegradation efficiency. By supplying functional microbes or microbial consortia, immobilized microbes, surfactants and growth substrates, the remediation effect of indigenous microorganisms on petroleum pollutants in soil can be boosted. This article summarizes the reported petroleum-degrading microbes and the main factors influencing microbial remediation of petroleum contaminated soil. Moreover, this article discusses a variety of effective strategies to enhance the bioremediation efficiency, as well as future directions of bioaugmentation strategies.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Petroleum ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants

Objective: To explore the relationship between fetal nuchal translucency (NT) in the first trimester and pregnancy outcome. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in Nanjjing Drum Tower Hospital from December 2015 to December 2018, 4 958 singleton pregnant women were enrolled to screen fetal ultrasound structure and serology in the first trimester, ultrasound in the second trimester and neonatus physical examination 28 days after birth. According to the results of NT, 167 cases of fetus with increased NT (≥3.0 mm) and 4 791 cases of normal NT were divided, moreover, 86 cases with isolate increased NT and 81 cases of increased NT combined with structural abnormality. The prognosis of fetuses with different NT thickness was analyzed, and the pregnancy outcome of fetuses with isolate increased NT or combined with structural abnormality were analyzed. In the first trimester, if the fetal structure was abnormal or the serological screening result was high risk, the chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) would be performed by chorionic villus sampling to determine the prenatal diagnosis. Results: (1) The pregnancy outcome for fetus of normal NT: there were 4 791 cases with normal NT. Totally, 4 726 cases with normal NT and no structural abnormalities were screened out in the firsttrimester. In this group, 5 cases of aneuploidies were diagnosed based on high risk of maternal serum biomarkers and 83 cases of structural abnormalities were screened out in the subsequent ultrasound scan and the neonatal examination. Another 65 cases with normal NT present complicated with structural anomalies were screened out in the first trimester and 4 cases were diagnosed as aneuploidies. (2) The pregnancy outcome for fetus of isolate increased NT: 66 (76.7%, 66/86) cases of isolated increased NT were performed CMA, 3 cases were diagnosed as trisomy 21 and terminated pregnancy. Another 4 cases were terminated pregnancy privately without cytogenetic diagnosis. No further anomalies were found in 79 cases till 6 to 21 months postnatally. (3) The pregnancy outcome for fetus of increased NT with structural anomalies: increased NT present with structural anomalies were screened out by detailed anomaly scan in the first trimester and 32 of them were confirmed as aneuploidies. In this group, 70 cases terminated pregnancy, 2 cases had spontaneous miscarriages and 9 cases had liveborns (1 newborn was found ventricular septal defect). (4) The pregnancy outcome for fetus of increased NT with or without structural anomalies: the percentage of aneuploidies in fetuses with isolated increased NT (3.5%, 3/86) was significantly lower than those with structural abnormalities (39.5%,32/81). The healthy survival rate in fetuses with isolated increased NT (91.9%,79/86) was significantly higher than those with structural abnormalities (9.9%, 8/81). Conclusions A detailed first-trimester anomaly scan could improve prenatal screening efficiency of birth defects. Compared to the fetuses with increased NT combined with structural abnormalities, the healthy survival rate of fetuses with isolated increased NT based on detailed first-trimester anomaly scan is higher and the percentage of fetal aneuploidies is lower.

With the advance of high-throughout sequencing technology and its extensive application in clinical diagnosis, analysis of sequencing data has become an important part of clinical diagnosis. To date, the development and establishment of various software and databases have made it convenient to extract useful information from massive amounts of high-throughput sequencing data. However, it is still a challenge for correlating the clinical-genetic diagnosis based on the above-mentioned sequence data with the screened DNA variations and disease phenotypes. Further validation of the proposed pathogenesis with the discovered molecular defects are required. Here a comprehensive review is provided for the strategies of sequencing data analysis, commonly used phenotype-genotype correlation tools, and functional analysis and verification methods for the genetic diagnosis.
Genetic Association Studies ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Software