Objective:To explore the clinical and salivary metabolic component characteristics of patients with OSA combined with LPRD, and to investigate the potential co-morbid mechanisms of LPRD and OSA.Methods:A total of 98 adult patients with OSA (81 males and 17 females) who visited the Department of Otolaryngology of Peking University Third Hospital from March 2024 to May 2024 were consecutively included. The age ranged from 19 to 68 years (mean±standard deviation: 39.44±11.39 years). The severity of OSA was grouped according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) [mild group (29 cases), moderate group (26 cases), and severe group (43 cases)]. Patients with a reflux symptom index score (RSI)>13 points and/or a reflux sign score (RFS)>7 points were considered LPRD positive. Among the 98 OSA patients, 48 had LPRD and 50 did not. All patients were diagnosed with OSA through out of center sleep testing(OCST) or polysomnography (PSG), and general information, laryngoscopic examination images, and RSI scales were collected. The RFS was evaluated based on the laryngoscopic examination results. Saliva samples were collected from both groups for metabolomics analysis. Chi-square test was used for categorical variable comparison, and independent sample t-test or one-way ANOVA analysis of variance was used for continuous variable comparison.Results:Stratified analysis showed that the proportion of male patients in the mild OSA group was significantly lower than that in the moderate or severe OSA groups (58.6%, 92.3%, 93.0%, χ2=16.43, P<0.001), and the BMI was significantly lower in the mild OSA group [(25.80±4.41)kg/m 2, (27.53±3.88)kg/m 2, (28.99±3.65)kg/m 2, F=6.91, P=0.002]. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of LPRD among patients with different severity of OSA. The BMI of OSA patients with LPRD was higher than that of patients with OSA alone [(28.65±4.75)kg/m 2, (26.94±3.16)kg/m 2, t=-2.07, P=0.041], but there were no statistically significant differences in gender composition, age, AHI, and minimum blood oxygen saturation between the two groups. The metabolomics results of saliva samples from both groups showed significant differences in the levels of tryptophan pathway metabolites. The salivary serotonin metabolite level in patients with LPRD combined with OSA was significantly lower than that in patients with OSA alone (relative abundance 0.12±0.019 vs 0.22±0.046, t=2.04, P=0.045). Conclusion:Patients with OSA combined with LPRD have a greater BMI and significantly lower serotonin, a tryptophan metabolite component of saliva, which may be a potential co-morbidity mechanism between OSA and LPRD.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and mortality of malignancies in cancer registration areas of Shaanxi Province in 2019.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. According to the data quality control requirements of the "Guidelines for Tumor Registration Work in China", cancer incidence and mortality data in 2019 reported by qualified cancer registration areas in Shaanxi Province were comprehensively evaluated. Data from 48 qualified cancer registration areas whose quality met the standards were selected for combined analysis. The incidence and mortality rate, age-specific incidence and mortality rate, standardized incidence and mortality rate, cumulative incidence and mortality rate of malignancies and the top 10 cancer incidence rankings were calculated.Results:Among the 48 cancer registration areas of Shaanxi Province in 2019, 20 were in urban areas and 28 were in rural areas, covering a total population of 20 118 219, which accounted for 49.63% (20 118 219/40 536 407) of the total population. In 2019, the incidence of cancer in Shaanxi Province in 2019 was 209.56 per 100 000 population, age-standardized incidence rates of Chinese standard population and world standard population were 137.58 per 100 000 population and 136.26 per 100 000 population, respectively; the cumulative incidence rate of population aged 0-74 years was 15.62%. The mortality rate of cancer was 145.54 per 100 000 population, the age-standardized mortality rates of Chinese standard population and world standard population were 92.80 per 100 000 population and 92.87 per 100 000 population, respectively; the cumulative mortality rate of population aged 0-74 years was 10.44%. The incidence and mortality of malignant tumors were at a low level in groups with the age before 40-year-old, increased rapidly in groups with the age after 40-year-old, and reached a peak level in 85-year-old group. In 2019, the top 5 of the incidence of malignancies in Shaanxi Province were lung cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer; and the top 5 of deaths were lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer. The top 10 of malignant cancer cases accounted for 78.87% (33 252/42 160) of all malignant cancer cases; the top 10 of malignant deaths accounted for 84.30% (24 684/29 281) of all cancer deaths.Conclusions:The situation of prevention and treatment of malignancies in Shaanxi Province is still serious, and it is necessary to focus on the prevention and treatment of cancer in population aged 40 and above, especially the prevention and treatment of key cancers such as lung cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of plasma RAS association domain family 1A(RASSF1A)gene methylation combined with tumor marker detection in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A total of 98 NSCLC patients admitted to Qinhuangdao First Hospital from June 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the NSCLC group,and 95 patients who under-went pulmonary examinations during the same period but were not diagnosed with NSCLC were selected as the disease control group.Their general clinical data were collected.The correlations among plasma RASSF1A gene methylation,tumor markers,and clinicopatho-logical features were analyzed.The effects of RASSF1A gene methylation and tumor markers on the diagnosis of NSCLC were analyzed by the multivariate Logistic regression.A predictive model was constructed,and its effectiveness was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve and goodness of fit test.Results There were significant differences(P＜0.05)in smoking history,neu-ron specific enolase(NSE),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1(CYFRA21-1),and RASSF1A methylation levels between the NSCLC group and non-NSCLC group.There were also significant differences(P＜0.05)in RASSF1A methylation levels,NSE,CEA,and CYFR21-1 levels among NSCLC patients with different clinical characteristics such as tumor diam-eter,differentiation degree,and growth type.The results of multivariate Logistic analysis showed that RASSF1A methylation levels(OR=1.071,95％CI:1.042-1.100),NSE(OR=1.168,95％CI:1.132-1.204),CEA(OR=1.154,95％CI:1.121-1.187),and CYFR21-1(OR=1.089,95％CI:1.023-1.195)were all independent risk factors for the diagnosis of NSCLC.A model predicting the occurrence of NSCLC was constructed using the principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),and the ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the ROC curve(AUCROC),sensitivity,and specificity of the prediction model for the RASSF1A methylation level combined with NSE,CEA,and CYFR21-1 were 0.922(95％CI:0.896-0.948),0.897,and 0.851,respectively,which were higher than those of the RASSF1A methylation level,NSE,CEA,and CYFR21-1 alone.Conclusion The prediction model of plasma RASSF1A gene methylation level combined with tumor markers has high diagnostic value for NSCLC and can be used for the clinical diagnosis of NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of plasma RAS association domain family 1A(RASSF1A)gene methylation combined with tumor marker detection in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods A total of 98 NSCLC patients admitted to Qinhuangdao First Hospital from June 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the NSCLC group,and 95 patients who under-went pulmonary examinations during the same period but were not diagnosed with NSCLC were selected as the disease control group.Their general clinical data were collected.The correlations among plasma RASSF1A gene methylation,tumor markers,and clinicopatho-logical features were analyzed.The effects of RASSF1A gene methylation and tumor markers on the diagnosis of NSCLC were analyzed by the multivariate Logistic regression.A predictive model was constructed,and its effectiveness was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve and goodness of fit test.Results There were significant differences(P＜0.05)in smoking history,neu-ron specific enolase(NSE),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1(CYFRA21-1),and RASSF1A methylation levels between the NSCLC group and non-NSCLC group.There were also significant differences(P＜0.05)in RASSF1A methylation levels,NSE,CEA,and CYFR21-1 levels among NSCLC patients with different clinical characteristics such as tumor diam-eter,differentiation degree,and growth type.The results of multivariate Logistic analysis showed that RASSF1A methylation levels(OR=1.071,95％CI:1.042-1.100),NSE(OR=1.168,95％CI:1.132-1.204),CEA(OR=1.154,95％CI:1.121-1.187),and CYFR21-1(OR=1.089,95％CI:1.023-1.195)were all independent risk factors for the diagnosis of NSCLC.A model predicting the occurrence of NSCLC was constructed using the principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),and the ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the ROC curve(AUCROC),sensitivity,and specificity of the prediction model for the RASSF1A methylation level combined with NSE,CEA,and CYFR21-1 were 0.922(95％CI:0.896-0.948),0.897,and 0.851,respectively,which were higher than those of the RASSF1A methylation level,NSE,CEA,and CYFR21-1 alone.Conclusion The prediction model of plasma RASSF1A gene methylation level combined with tumor markers has high diagnostic value for NSCLC and can be used for the clinical diagnosis of NSCLC.

Objective:To explore the clinical and salivary metabolic component characteristics of patients with OSA combined with LPRD, and to investigate the potential co-morbid mechanisms of LPRD and OSA.Methods:A total of 98 adult patients with OSA (81 males and 17 females) who visited the Department of Otolaryngology of Peking University Third Hospital from March 2024 to May 2024 were consecutively included. The age ranged from 19 to 68 years (mean±standard deviation: 39.44±11.39 years). The severity of OSA was grouped according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) [mild group (29 cases), moderate group (26 cases), and severe group (43 cases)]. Patients with a reflux symptom index score (RSI)>13 points and/or a reflux sign score (RFS)>7 points were considered LPRD positive. Among the 98 OSA patients, 48 had LPRD and 50 did not. All patients were diagnosed with OSA through out of center sleep testing(OCST) or polysomnography (PSG), and general information, laryngoscopic examination images, and RSI scales were collected. The RFS was evaluated based on the laryngoscopic examination results. Saliva samples were collected from both groups for metabolomics analysis. Chi-square test was used for categorical variable comparison, and independent sample t-test or one-way ANOVA analysis of variance was used for continuous variable comparison.Results:Stratified analysis showed that the proportion of male patients in the mild OSA group was significantly lower than that in the moderate or severe OSA groups (58.6%, 92.3%, 93.0%, χ2=16.43, P<0.001), and the BMI was significantly lower in the mild OSA group [(25.80±4.41)kg/m 2, (27.53±3.88)kg/m 2, (28.99±3.65)kg/m 2, F=6.91, P=0.002]. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of LPRD among patients with different severity of OSA. The BMI of OSA patients with LPRD was higher than that of patients with OSA alone [(28.65±4.75)kg/m 2, (26.94±3.16)kg/m 2, t=-2.07, P=0.041], but there were no statistically significant differences in gender composition, age, AHI, and minimum blood oxygen saturation between the two groups. The metabolomics results of saliva samples from both groups showed significant differences in the levels of tryptophan pathway metabolites. The salivary serotonin metabolite level in patients with LPRD combined with OSA was significantly lower than that in patients with OSA alone (relative abundance 0.12±0.019 vs 0.22±0.046, t=2.04, P=0.045). Conclusion:Patients with OSA combined with LPRD have a greater BMI and significantly lower serotonin, a tryptophan metabolite component of saliva, which may be a potential co-morbidity mechanism between OSA and LPRD.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and mortality of malignancies in cancer registration areas of Shaanxi Province in 2019.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. According to the data quality control requirements of the "Guidelines for Tumor Registration Work in China", cancer incidence and mortality data in 2019 reported by qualified cancer registration areas in Shaanxi Province were comprehensively evaluated. Data from 48 qualified cancer registration areas whose quality met the standards were selected for combined analysis. The incidence and mortality rate, age-specific incidence and mortality rate, standardized incidence and mortality rate, cumulative incidence and mortality rate of malignancies and the top 10 cancer incidence rankings were calculated.Results:Among the 48 cancer registration areas of Shaanxi Province in 2019, 20 were in urban areas and 28 were in rural areas, covering a total population of 20 118 219, which accounted for 49.63% (20 118 219/40 536 407) of the total population. In 2019, the incidence of cancer in Shaanxi Province in 2019 was 209.56 per 100 000 population, age-standardized incidence rates of Chinese standard population and world standard population were 137.58 per 100 000 population and 136.26 per 100 000 population, respectively; the cumulative incidence rate of population aged 0-74 years was 15.62%. The mortality rate of cancer was 145.54 per 100 000 population, the age-standardized mortality rates of Chinese standard population and world standard population were 92.80 per 100 000 population and 92.87 per 100 000 population, respectively; the cumulative mortality rate of population aged 0-74 years was 10.44%. The incidence and mortality of malignant tumors were at a low level in groups with the age before 40-year-old, increased rapidly in groups with the age after 40-year-old, and reached a peak level in 85-year-old group. In 2019, the top 5 of the incidence of malignancies in Shaanxi Province were lung cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer; and the top 5 of deaths were lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer. The top 10 of malignant cancer cases accounted for 78.87% (33 252/42 160) of all malignant cancer cases; the top 10 of malignant deaths accounted for 84.30% (24 684/29 281) of all cancer deaths.Conclusions:The situation of prevention and treatment of malignancies in Shaanxi Province is still serious, and it is necessary to focus on the prevention and treatment of cancer in population aged 40 and above, especially the prevention and treatment of key cancers such as lung cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer.

Objective: To analyze the association between sleep chronotype and suicidal psychological behaviors among middle school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of middle school students suicide. Methods: In October 2021 and November 2022, a multistage cluster sampling method was used to conduct baseline and followup surveys in Shenyang, Zhengzhou, Nanchang, and Taiyuan cities in China, and a total of 6 656 middle and high school students were included as the research subjects. The Chisquare test was used to analyze the groups differences, and generalized estimating equation was used to analyze the associations between middle school students sleep chronotype and suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt, and the grade stratification was carried out. Results: Baseline detection of suicide ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt were 26.3%, 12.6%, and 5.3%, respectively, with followup rates of 21.0%, 10.0%, and 4.8% for each, and varied significantly by gender, academic stress, smoking or alcohol use, and anxiety or depressive symptoms among middle school students (χ2=11.93-880.20, P<0.05). After adjusting for gender, academic stress, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, anxiety and depressive symptoms, generalized estimating equations showed that compared with the morning sleep chronotype, the OR(95%CI) for suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt were 1.61(1.36-1.89), 1.66(1.35-2.05) and 1.41(1.06-1.88) among evening chronotype students, and were higher among junior 1.78(1.39-2.27), 2.00(1.48-2.69) and senior middle school students 1.84(1.44-2.35), 1.67(1.20-2.33) (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a positive association between evening sleep chronotype and middle school students suicidal psychological behavior, and improving sleep chronotype may be one of the effective measures to prevent middle school students suicide.

Objective:To explore the correlation between c-myc and glutaminase(GLS)and glutamine synthase(GS)in oral epider-moid carcinoma cells in animal models.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of c-myc,GLS and GS in clinical samples of oral cancer.KB cell model with stable and high expression of c-myc was established and verified,then the KB cells were transplanted into nude mice to establish mouse tumorigenic models.The cells and nude mouse models were respectively diveded into 3 groups(n=6):normal cotnrol,empty vector and c-myc overexpression groups.The tumor growth was observed.The expression of c-myc,GLS and GS in the cells and the tumor samples was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:c-myc,GLS and GS were highly expressed in clinical samples of oral cancer.In the cells of c-myc overexpression group c-myc mRNA expression level was sig-nificantly higher than that of empty vector control group.The tumorigenic models were formed in all nude mice of the groups,and the volume and weight of the c-myc overexpression group increased more significantly(P＜0.01),in the c-myc overexpression group c-myc was overexpressed,the expression of GLS and GS was significantly higher than that in the other 2 groups.Conclusion:c-myc is highly expressed in oral cancer,and may up-regulate GLS and GS expression.

Objective To investigate the expression changes of interferon gene stimulating factor(STING)and E-box zinc finger binding protein 1(ZEB1)in elderly cervical cancer(CCA)patients and their correlation with human papillomavirus(HPV)infection.Methods Sixty-two patients with CCA who underwent patho-logical examination in this hospital from January 2021 to September 2022 were selected as the CCA group,65 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)as the CIN group,and 63 patients with normal cervix as the control group.The positive expression rates of cervical STING and ZEB1 and high-risk HPV infection in each group were observed and recoraded.The correlation of STING and ZEB1 levels with clinicopathological features of CCA and high-risk HPV infection was analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of STING and ZEB1 in CCA group were higher than those in CIN group and control group,and the level of ZEB1 in CIN group was higher than that in control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The detection rates of HPV16 and 18 in CCA group were higher than those in CIN group and control group,and the detection rates of HPV16 and 18 in CIN group were higher than those in control group,the differences were statistically sig-nificant(P＜0.05).The infiltration depth and FIGO stage of CCA patients were correlated with the positive expression rates of STING and ZEB1,the degree of tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis were cor-related with the positive expression rates of STING(P＜0.05),and the positive expression rates of STING and ZEB1 in CCA patients were positively correlated with the infection rates of HPV16 and 18(P＜0.05).Conclusion The positive expression levels of STING and ZEB1 proteins in the CCA group are higher than those in the control group and CIN group,and their expression levels were related to FIGO staging and depth of cervical cancer infiltration.STING and ZEB1 proteins are positively correlated with HPV16 and 18 infec-tion,and STING and ZEB1 proteins may jointly act with HPV16 and 18 on the occurrence and development of CCA.

Objective To construct HEK 293T cells that express tardigrade Dsup protein fused with green fluorescent protein copGFP in order to study the effect of Dsup protein on proliferation of HEK 293T cells.Methods The CRISPR/Cas9 gene knock-in system was constructed.The target gene fragments of Dsup,copGFP,EF1α and puromycin were amplified by PCR and inserted into pAAVS1-SFFV to construct the fusion vector of Dsup and copGFP,which was known as pAAVS1-SFFV-Dsup-copGFP-EF1α-Puro.pAAVS1-SFFV-Dsup-copGFP-EF1 α-Puro and pAAVS1-CRISPR-Cas9 vector were co-transfected into HEK 293T cells before Dsup gene was inserted into the AAVS1 region of HEK 293T cells via homologous recombination.The HEK 293T cells expressing Dsup gene were obtained following puromycin selection,flow cytometry sorting and genome identification.The expression of Dsup at mRNA and protein levels and proliferation-related genes(MCM2,MCM4,PCNA,Ki-67)were examined to investigate the effects of Dsup gene on the proliferation of HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP cells.Results The pAAVS1-SFFV-Dsup-copGFP-EF1α-Puro recombinant vector was constructed,and the HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP cells with Dsup gene inserted in the AAVS1 region were obtained,where both Dsup mRNA and protein were expressed.The cell proliferation rate of HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP was higher than that of HEK 293T-Control-copGFP(P＜0.001).Further investigation revealed that the expressions of Ki-67 and MCM4 protein in HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP were significantly higher than in the control group,indicating that the knock in of Dsup gene might enhance the proliferation ability of human cells by promoting the expression of Ki-67 and MCM4 protein.Conclusion A gene editing vector is constructed,and stable cell line HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP for Dsup fusion expression with copGFP is established.The expression of Dsup gene in HEK 293T cells can promote cell proliferation,possibly by upregulating the expressions of Ki-67 and MCM4 protein.