Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a common fundus neovascularization disease, which often leads to irreversible vision loss.The pathological mechanisms are extremely complex, involving the participation of a variety of cells and cellular contacts.Currently, there are still many deficiencies in the treatment of CNV.We are concerned that blood vessels are not only a " conduits" for transporting nutrients and metabolic waste, but also providing angiocrine factors for organ growth and development.A variety of tissue-specific vascular endothelial cells have been proved to be able to deliver a variety of cytokines under certain conditions, which act on surrounding cells and participate in the control of angiogenesis and homeostasis.Therefore, this review focuses on the research progress on the involvement of angiocrine in pericytes, retinal pigment epithelial cells, mononuclear macrophages, neutrophils and endothelial precursor cells in CNV through various forms such as extracellular vesicles, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of CNV.

Objective:To develop a pre-processing workflow of real world data (RWD) derived from multicenter clinical laboratories so that the level of data standardization can be improved, and subsequently to produce more robust real world evidence (RWE).Methods:Purpose sampling was used to invite senior experts with experience in clinical research utilizing RWD, covering the fields of clinical laboratory, epidemiology, biostatistics, and clinical medicine. In-depth, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted and thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data.Results:The in-depth interviews were completed in 16 experts. The experts unanimously agreed that pre-processing RWD derived from multicenter clinical laboratories is necessary prior to its application in research. Based on experts' insights, a comprehensive pre-processing workflow for RWD was constructed, comprising six key steps: ①developing a variable list based on research questions and distributing it to each clinical laboratory; ②conducting an initial quality assessment of RWD based on existing quality control results in clinical laboratories; ③cleaning the data; ④determining whether RWD (including categorical and continuous variables) is heterogeneity among different clinical laboratories; ⑤exploring potential sources of heterogeneity;⑥pre-processing RWD based on identified causes contributing to heterogeneity.Conclusion:The pre-processing workflow of RWD was established, to provide a methodological reference for controlling systematic errors in RWD derived from multicenter clinical laboratories, thereby enhancing the validity of RWE.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of the related research on the maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technology (ART), summarize the research status of maternal-fetal attachment, and provide reference for future research prospects.Methods:A search was conducted for studies published in PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, from the date of database construction to January 24, 2024. The results of the literature were screened, extracted, and summarized.Results:A total of 15 studies were included. Among them, 14 observational studies reported that the overall status of maternal-fetal attachment of ART pregnant women was in good condition, but the data sources of domestic research were insufficient. Three evaluation tools were used in 15 articles. The related factors were summarized as demographic factors (age and personality traits), pregnancy-related factors (such as conception method, gestational age, history of infertility, history of miscarriage, etc), and psychosocial factors (such as anxiety, depression, conflicts, attitudes towards childbirth, acceptance of pregnancy, social support, marital satisfaction, etc). Four studies put forward suggestions or conducted intervention studies on improving maternal-fetal attachment of ART pregnant women.Conclusions:There is a lack of attention to the maternal-fetal attachment of ART pregnant women in China. Due to the complexity and diversity of its influencing factors, we should deeply explore the characteristics of maternal-fetal attachment development of ART pregnant women at all stages of pregnancy, and carry out more high-quality research. At the same time, we should pay attention to and carry out early screening of maternal-fetal attachment disorders, formulate targeted interventions, so as to promote the establishment of high-quality maternal-fetal attachment, and lay a solid foundation for future maternal-infant relationships.

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a common fundus neovascularization disease, which often leads to irreversible vision loss.The pathological mechanisms are extremely complex, involving the participation of a variety of cells and cellular contacts.Currently, there are still many deficiencies in the treatment of CNV.We are concerned that blood vessels are not only a " conduits" for transporting nutrients and metabolic waste, but also providing angiocrine factors for organ growth and development.A variety of tissue-specific vascular endothelial cells have been proved to be able to deliver a variety of cytokines under certain conditions, which act on surrounding cells and participate in the control of angiogenesis and homeostasis.Therefore, this review focuses on the research progress on the involvement of angiocrine in pericytes, retinal pigment epithelial cells, mononuclear macrophages, neutrophils and endothelial precursor cells in CNV through various forms such as extracellular vesicles, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of CNV.

Objective:To develop a pre-processing workflow of real world data (RWD) derived from multicenter clinical laboratories so that the level of data standardization can be improved, and subsequently to produce more robust real world evidence (RWE).Methods:Purpose sampling was used to invite senior experts with experience in clinical research utilizing RWD, covering the fields of clinical laboratory, epidemiology, biostatistics, and clinical medicine. In-depth, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted and thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data.Results:The in-depth interviews were completed in 16 experts. The experts unanimously agreed that pre-processing RWD derived from multicenter clinical laboratories is necessary prior to its application in research. Based on experts' insights, a comprehensive pre-processing workflow for RWD was constructed, comprising six key steps: ①developing a variable list based on research questions and distributing it to each clinical laboratory; ②conducting an initial quality assessment of RWD based on existing quality control results in clinical laboratories; ③cleaning the data; ④determining whether RWD (including categorical and continuous variables) is heterogeneity among different clinical laboratories; ⑤exploring potential sources of heterogeneity;⑥pre-processing RWD based on identified causes contributing to heterogeneity.Conclusion:The pre-processing workflow of RWD was established, to provide a methodological reference for controlling systematic errors in RWD derived from multicenter clinical laboratories, thereby enhancing the validity of RWE.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of the related research on the maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women after assisted reproductive technology (ART), summarize the research status of maternal-fetal attachment, and provide reference for future research prospects.Methods:A search was conducted for studies published in PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, from the date of database construction to January 24, 2024. The results of the literature were screened, extracted, and summarized.Results:A total of 15 studies were included. Among them, 14 observational studies reported that the overall status of maternal-fetal attachment of ART pregnant women was in good condition, but the data sources of domestic research were insufficient. Three evaluation tools were used in 15 articles. The related factors were summarized as demographic factors (age and personality traits), pregnancy-related factors (such as conception method, gestational age, history of infertility, history of miscarriage, etc), and psychosocial factors (such as anxiety, depression, conflicts, attitudes towards childbirth, acceptance of pregnancy, social support, marital satisfaction, etc). Four studies put forward suggestions or conducted intervention studies on improving maternal-fetal attachment of ART pregnant women.Conclusions:There is a lack of attention to the maternal-fetal attachment of ART pregnant women in China. Due to the complexity and diversity of its influencing factors, we should deeply explore the characteristics of maternal-fetal attachment development of ART pregnant women at all stages of pregnancy, and carry out more high-quality research. At the same time, we should pay attention to and carry out early screening of maternal-fetal attachment disorders, formulate targeted interventions, so as to promote the establishment of high-quality maternal-fetal attachment, and lay a solid foundation for future maternal-infant relationships.

Objective:To explore the produced-radiation brain damage in simulated solar particle events and to provide evidence for health risk assessment of radiation from manned deep space exploration.Methods:According to the main characteristics of solar particle events, mice were treated with total body irradiation (TBI) with 90 MeV protons in a dose range from 0.1 to 2 Gy, with irradiation dose of 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2 Gy, respectively. At 3 and 7 d after irradiation, the behavior of mice was examined using balance beam tests, rotarod tests, and new object recognition tests. Then, the density of dendritic spines and the number of Nissl bodies in the hippocampus were measured using Golgi and Nissl staining. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and neurotransmitter content in brain tissue were detected using the WST-8 method, TBA method, and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Besides, cell apoptosis was determined using the TUNEL method, and the dose-response relationship, a function of dose change with damage index, was analyzed using linear and linear square fitting method. Finally, the minimum radiation dose causing a significant change in all indicators of brain damage was determined as the brain damage threshold.Results:Compared to the control group, 1 Gy proton irradiation result ed in a significant decrease in the density of filopod dendritic spines ( t = 1.82, 2.30, P < 0.05) and a significant increase in abnormal Nissl bodies in the CA1 region ( t = 2.44, 3.77, P < 0.05). At 3 and 7 d after irradiation, as well as a significant increase in the DA ( t = 2.52, P<0.05) and Glu contents ( t = 4.04, P < 0.05) on day 7. In contrast, 2 Gy proton irradiation result ed in a decrease in SOD activity on day 3 ( t = 3.44, P < 0.05), and an increase in the MDA content ( t = 1.90, 2.14, P < 0.05), hippocampal cell apoptosis (t = 3.91, 3.54, P < 0.05), and 5-HT levels ( t = 2.81, 2.69, P < 0.05), together with a decrease in climbing time in the rotarod tests ( t = 2.85, 2.64, P<0.05) and propensity to recognize new objects ( t = 2.87, 2.84, P < 0.05) on days 3 and 7. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship was observed in the dose range from 0.1 to 2 Gy ( R2=0.74-0.99). Conclusions:The dose threshold of 90 MeV protons inducing brain damage in mice is inferred to be 1 Gy, and 14 dose-response models are developed, providing a biological basis for organ dose capping and risk assessment of crew experiencing short-term deep space flights.

AIM:This study aims to examine the ependymin-related protein 1(EPDR1)expression in various tissues from wild-type C57BL/6 mice and type 2 diabetes(db/db)mice.The impact of EPDR1 on lipid accumulation in al-pha mouse liver 12(AML12)hepatocytes was also investigated.METHODS:Western blot was used to detect EPDR1 protein expression in the heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,gastrocnemius,brown adipose and brain tissues of C57BL/6 mice.Western blot and immunohistochemical(IHC)staining were also used to compare EPDR1 protein expression in the liver,gastrocnemius muscle,heart and kidney tissues of db/db and C57BL/6 mice.To develop an AML12 cell lipid deposi-tion model,palmitic acid(PA)+oleic acid(OA)was used,and the cells were transfected with adenovirus overexpressing EPDR1 or treated with exogenous recombinant EPDR1 protein(rEPDR1).ELISA was conducted to determine intracellu-lar triglyceride(TG)content,and oil red O staining was employed to assess the effect of EPDR1 on lipid accumulation in AML12 cells.RESULTS:Western blot and IHC staining results revealed that EPDR1 was widely expressed in various tis-sues of wild-type mice,with the liver exhibiting the highest protein expression level.However,EPDR1 expression was down-regulated in the liver,gastrocnemius muscle,heart and kidney tissues in diabetic db/db mice compared with wild-type mice.Oil red O staining revealed that overexpression of EPDR1 in AML12 liver cells or rEPDR1 treatment led to re-duced lipid accumulation.Furthermore,the TG content significantly decreased compared with the model group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:EPDR1 is expressed in various tissues of wild-type mice,but showed diminished expression in the liver tissues of diabetic mice.Nevertheless,enhancing the expression of EPDR1 can aid in reducing lipid accumula-tion in hepatocytes.These findings provide an experimental foundation for further exploration of the role of EPDR1 in the development of fatty liver in diabetic liver tissue.

Parkinson's disease （PD） is a kind of chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease that has a high prevalence rate in recent years， especially in the elderly. PD belongs to the category of "tremor disease" and "tremor" in traditional Chinese medicine， and Tianma Goutengyin is a classic prescription contained in the Synopsis of The New Significance of Patterns and Treatment in Miscellaneous Diseases（《中医内科杂病证治新义》）. This article explored the theory of Tianma Goutengyin in the treatment of PD， and based on network pharmacological research， the article summarized relevant research on Tianma Goutengyin and its single herb in the treatment of PD. Moreover， it discussed the clinical applications and mechanisms of Tianma Goutengyin and its single herb in the treatment of PD. It is found that the mechanisms of Tianma Goutengyin in treating PD may be related to resisting oxidative stress， inhibiting inflammatory response， regulating neurotransmitters， and protecting dopamine （DA） neurons. Besides， the main components of the single herb in Tianma Goutengyin for treating PD are gastrodin， rhynchophylline， geniposide， gardenial alcohol， eucommitol glycoside， motherwort alkaloid， baicalin， pachyman， and achyranthes bidentata sterol. They can improve the related symptoms of PD patients by inhibiting inflammatory response， resisting oxidative stress， affecting calcium ion concentration， restoring mitochondrial function， and and protecting DA neurons. This article summarized the research progress of Tianma Goutengyin and its single herb in treating PD， so as to provide a reference for the prescription and medication of Tianma Goutengyin in the treatment of PD and subsequent research on the mechanisms of Tianma Goutengyin and its single herb in the treatment of PD and give play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PD.

Objective To explore the effect of bone marrow injury by simulating the radiation from solar particle events in order to address the radiation limit and assess risks during manned deep space exploration.Methods In line with solar particle events(the main component was protons),BALB/c mice(48 mice per group)were irradiated with 90 MeV protons at the doses of 0,0.1,0.3,0.5,1 and 2 Gy.At 3 and 7 days after irradiation.Routine blood counters were employed to detect peripheral blood changes,Giemsa staining was used to detect the ratio of granulocytes to erythrocytes in bone marrow,and flow cytometry was adopted to detect the proportion of bone marrow stem cells,cell subsets and apoptosis before the dose-response relationship and threshold were analyzed.Results In the dose range of 0.1 to 2 Gy,the number of peripheral blood white blood cells and lymphocytes decreased at 3 and 7 days after irradiation and the ratio of granulocytes to erythrocytes in bone marrow and bone marrow cell subsets were abnormal as the dose increased.Seven days after irradiation,the platelet count decreased.The minimum dose that caused significant changes was 0.5 Gy,13 models with dose-response relationships were obtained,and the minimum values of ED25,ED50 and ED63 were 0.25,0.58 and 0.76 Gy,respectively.Conclusion A total of 13 dose-response relationship models of proton-induced bone marrow injury in mice have been obtained,and the dose threshold of proton-induced bone marrow injury ranges from 0.25 to 0.76 Gy.