ObjectiveA qualitative analysis method was established for the composition of Astragali Radix（AR） before and after rice stir-frying. On the basis of systematic characterization of the chemical compositions in AR and stir-fried AR with rice（ARR）， the structures of their major compounds were deduced and identified， and the differential compositions between them were analyzed. MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to detect the samples of AR and ARR in positive and negative ion modes， respectively. The compounds were analyzed and identified through self-constructed databases， literature， and reference standards， etc. And the data were analyzed by chemometrics， in order to screen for the differential components between AR and ARR. ResultsA total of 123 compounds were identified in AR and ARR， including 41 flavonoids， 19 terpenoids， 26 organic acids， 8 amino acids， 5 nucleotides， 5 carbohydrates and 19 other compounds. Among them， there were 95 common components in both， 18 unique components in AR， and 10 unique components in ARR. Principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） results both showed that there were significant differences in the chemical constituents of AR before and after rice stir-frying， and a total of 26 constituents with differences in the content were screened out， including L-canavanine， L-pyroglutamic acid， L-phenylalanine， cis-caffeic acid， and malonylastragaloside Ⅰ. Among them， 19 constituents of ARR were down-regulated and 7 constituents were up-regulated by comparing with AR. ConclusionThis study clarifies that the chemical composition of AR and ARR is mainly composed of flavonoids， terpenoids， and organic acids， and analyzes the components with significant differences in content between the two in combination with chemometrics， and the differential components are dominated by amino acids， organic acids and terpenoids， which can provide reference for the subsequent quality control and material basis research.

Objective To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and the expression levels of p27,CyclinD1,matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9),and related microRNAs,as well as their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics in gastric cancer(GC)tissues.Methods A total of 116 GC patients who underwent surgical resection were enrolled and classified into Hp-positive and Hp-negative groups based on Hp infection status,consisting of 76 and 40 cases,respectively.Among the Hp-positive group,patients were further categorized into good prognosis and poor prognosis subgroups according to their clinical outcomes,with 56 and 20 cases,respectively.The expression levels of p27,CyclinD1,MMP-9 proteins,as well as miR-490-3p and miR-146a in both cancerous and paracancerous tissues across the groups were compared.Additionally,the associations between the expression of these biomarkers in cancer tissues and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of Hp-positive GC patients were analyzed.Furthermore,potential risk factors contributing to poor progno-sis in Hp-positive GC patients were identified,and a predictive model was constructed to evaluate its prognostic value.Results The expression levels of p27 protein and miR-490-3p in GC tissues were significantly lower compared to those in adjacent non-cancerous tissues,whereas the expression levels of CyclinD1,MMP-9 protein,and miR-146a were significantly higher(P<0.05).In cancer tissues from the Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-positive group,the expression of p27 protein and miR-490-3p was lower than that in the Hp-negative group,while the expression of CyclinD1,MMP-9 protein,and miR-146a was higher(P<0.05).Moreover,in Hp-positive GC patients,the expression levels of p27 protein and miR-490-3p in cancer tissues were lower in those with advanced stages(Ⅲ～Ⅳ)and lymph node metastasis compared to those with early stages(Ⅰ～Ⅱ)and no lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Conversely,the expression levels of CyclinD1,MMP-9 protein,and miR-146a were higher in patients with advanced stages and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor progno-sis group exhibited a higher proportion of advanced stages,lymph node metastasis,and elevated expression levels of CyclinD1,MMP-9 protein,and miR-146a,while the expression levels of p27 protein and miR-490-3p were reduced(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis indicated that advanced stage(Ⅲ～Ⅳ),low expression of p27 pro-tein,high expression of MMP-9 protein,and low expression of miR-490-3p were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in Hp-positive GC patients(P<0.05).The predictive model constructed for assessing the likelihood of poor prognosis in Hp-positive GC demonstrated an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.774,with a sensitivity of 80.00%and a specificity of 76.79%.Conclusions p27,CyclinD1,MMP-9 protein,miR-146a,and miR-490-3p were found to be abnormally expressed in patients with Hp-positive GC.Their expression levels were significantly associated with TNM stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis.Specifically,Stage Ⅲ～Ⅳ disease,low expression of p27 protein and miR-490-3p,and high expression of MMP-9 protein were identified as independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with Hp-positive GC.A predictive model based on these risk factors demonstrated favorable performance in forecasting poor clinical outcomes in this patient population.

Objective:To investigate the development and job adaptability of specialized nurses in Liaoning Province, and to provide basis for further improving the job adaptability of specialized nurses.Methods:In August 2024, provincial-level or above specialized nurses from secondary and above hospitals in 14 cities of Liaoning Province were selected by convenient sampling method, and their job adaptation was investigated using General Information Questionnaire and Workers' Job Adaptation Scale to conduct cross-sectional research.Results:A total of 3 460 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the 3 460 specialized nurses, tertiary hospitals accounted for 91.01% (3 149/3 460), undergraduates accounted for 89.28% (3 089/3 460), and 51.13% (1 769/3 460) were aged from 36 to 45. The top three training specialties for specialized nurses were severe illness, operating room and intravenous infusion therapy, and the training duration was mostly 6 to 12 weeks, accounting for 58.70% (2 031/3 460). After training, they mostly engaged in specialized disease care/case care, accounting for 86.07% (2 978/3 460); In terms of hospital security, 71.16% (2 462/3 460) of the specialized nurses said that the working conditions provided by the hospital could meet their work needs, 43.93% (1 520/3 460) said that the hospital performance was reasonable, 43.29% (1 498/3 460) said that there were sufficient promotion opportunities, and 49.28% (1 705/3 460) said that the hospital has dedicated positions for specialized nurses. The score of the Job Fit Scale for Professional Nurses was (37.36 ± 6.30) points, including the attribute fit dimension (12.45 ± 2.32) points, the demand-supply fit dimension (11.84 ± 2.57) points and the ability-requirement fit dimension (13.06 ± 2.12) points.Conclusions:The post adaptability of provincial-level or above specialized nurses in Liaoning province is in the high level, but the distribution of specialized nurses is uneven, and the proportion of secondary hospitals is low. The training mechanism for specialized nurses has gradually matured, but some of them are not fully played, and there is little participation in scientific research and innovation activities after training. Therefore, it is suggested that in the future work, secondary hospitals should be encouraged to select nursing backbones according to their needs to participate in specialized training programs to improve nurses' professional skills; Nursing managers encourage specialized nurses to consciously participate in systematic scientific research training to enhance their nursing scientific research ability; rational use of specialist nurses in hospitals, giving full play to their professional advantages, and promoting the development of specialties.

Objective This study aims to explore the correlation between the grade of testicular tissue damage and clinical features which is used to evaluate the viability of testicular tissue after the orchidopexy for testicular torsion.Methods We conducted a retrospective,multicenter analysis of pathological specimens obtained from patients who under-went unilateral orchiectomy due to testicular torsion.Tissue viability was reassessed by the Mikuz grading scale.The corre-lations among tissue viability,duration of torsion symptoms,the angle of torsion,preoperative Doppler ultrasound image and intraoperative testicular resuscitation methods were analyzed.Results Eighty-five pathological specimens were en-rolled from 4 medical centers.The age range was 18 years(IQR 14-33),with a median torsion angle of 480°(IQR 180°-1080°).The interval from the torsion onset to surgical intervention was 18 hours(IQR 9-84).In the subgroup analysis of different torsion durations,the distribution of Grade I injuries was as follows.The subgroup within 12 hours ac-counted for 37.5％.The subgroup between 12 to 24 hours accounted for 14.28％.And the subgroup between 24 to 48 hours ac-counted for 6.45％.The subgroup exceeding 48 hours only accounted for 3.13％.Four patients received orchiectomy due to pre-operative ultrasound image indicating necrosis,correlating with Mikuz grade 3 tissue damage.The decision was made based on the failure of color recovery of affected testis in 57 cases,revealing 12.28％with grade 1 and 35.89％with grade Ⅱ damage.Twenty-four cases were identified as an Arda score of 3,with 4.16％showing grade 1 and 20.83％showing grade Ⅱ Mikuz damage.The method of Arda's grading could be used to determine the vitality of testicular tissue more accurately compared to the post-resusci-tation color observation method(P=0.032).Conclusion Pathological reassessment provides a precise determination of tis-sue viability in the affected testis.In some instances,the testicular tissue damage can be found potentially reversible.

The problem of drug resistance resulting from the long-term use of antimicrobials is a serious threat to global health,and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria,in particular,has greatly limited therapeutic op-tions.Therefore,the development of new or alternative antimicrobial agents has become an urgent need.Antimi-crobial peptides(AMPs)have been regarded as good alternatives to antibacterial drugs due to their strong antibac-terial activity and unique mechanism of action.At present,some AMPs have completed preclinical studies on drug-resistant bacterial infections and entered the clinical trial stage,while their stability and targeting have been signifi-cantly improved through the optimisation of amino acid modification,nano-delivery system and other technolo-gies,which have gradually become a research hotspot in this field.Therefore,this paper discusses the importance of AMPs in bacterial drug resistance from the biological properties of AMPs,the mechanism of regulating bacteri-al drug resistance and the application of AMPs in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections,with a view to providing a reference for the development of drugs against drug-resistant bacteria and clinical application.

Objective:To carry out evidence-based practice for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing hepatectomy based on the knowledge to action (KTA) framework, and to evaluate the application effects of the best evidence.Methods:A systematic review of databases on pain management for hepatectomy patients both domestically and internationally was conducted to form the best evidence. This was combined with the Postoperative pain assessment and nursing in adults group standard to form quality review indicators. From November to December 2023, a baseline review was conducted with 21 healthcare staff and 31 patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy at the Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of Shandong Provincial Hospital. The barriers to evidence-based practice were analyzed, and the best evidence application and transformation actions were implemented. A re-evaluation was conducted from January to March 2024 after applying the evidence with 31 laparoscopic hepatectomy patients and 21 healthcare staff. The execution rates of the review indicators, patient pain levels, satisfaction with pain control, and patient comfort were compared before and after evidence application. Results:After applying the evidence, the execution rate of the review indicators by healthcare staff increased to 19.35%-100.00%. Post-intervention, the pain scores at postoperative immediate, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours were significantly lower than before the evidence application, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Additionally, post-intervention, the patients' satisfaction with pain control and comfort scores were significantly higher than before the evidence application, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of the best evidence for pain management in hepatectomy, combined with the construction of quality review indicators and evidence-based practice, can alleviate postoperative pain in patients, improve their satisfaction, and enhance their comfort.

ObjectiveTo study on the different therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma（RH） before and after steaming with wine on constipation model mice. MethodsFifty-four male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， lactulose group（1.5 mg·kg^-1）， high， medium and low dose groups of RH and RH steaming with wine（PRH）（8， 4， 1 g·kg^-1）. Except for the control group， the constipation model was replicated by gavage of loperamide hydrochloride（6 mg·kg^-1） in the other groups. After 2 weeks of modeling， each administration group was gavaged with the corresponding dose of drug solution， and the control and model groups were given an equal volume of normal saline， 1 time/d for 2 consecutive weeks. After administration， the feces were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing， the levels of gastrin（GAS）， motilin（MTL）， interleukin-6（IL-6）， γ-interferon（IFN-γ） in the colonic tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， the histopathological changes of colon were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining， flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion changes of CD4⁺， CD8⁺ and regulatory T cell（Treg） in peripheral blood. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed significantly decrease in fecal number in 24 h， fecal quality and fecal water rate（P<0.01）， the colon was seen to have necrotic shedding of mucosal epithelium， localized intestinal glands in the lamina propria were degenerated， necrotic and atrophied， a few lymphocytes were seen to infiltrate in the necrotic area in a scattered manner， the contents of GAS and MTL， the proportions of CD4⁺， CD8⁺ and Treg were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， the contents of IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly elevated（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the fecal number in 24 h， fecal quality and fecal water rate of high-dose groups of RH and PRH were significantly increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the pathological damage of the colon was alleviated to varying degrees， the contents of GAS， MTL， IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly regressed（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ were significantly increased（P<0.01）， although the proportion of Treg showed an upward trend， there was no significant difference. In addition， the results of intestinal flora showed that the number of amplicon sequence variant（ASV） and Alpha diversity were decreased in the model group compared with the control group， and there was a significant difference in Beta diversity， with a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and an increase in the relative abundances of Bacillus and Helicobacter. Compared with the model group， the ASV number and Alpha diversity were increased in the high-dose groups of RH and PRH， and there was a trend of regression of Beta diversity to the control group， the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased， and the relative abundances of Bacillus and Helicobacter decreased. ConclusionRH and PRH can improve dysbacteriosis， promote immune system activation， inhibit the release of inflammatory factors for enhancing the gastrointestinal function， which may be one of the potential mechanisms of their therapeutic effect on constipation.

Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) is a common issue among patients with hematological diseases and tumors. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria, influencing factors, and recent prevention and management strategies for immune PTR. The diagnostic criteria typically involve post-transfusion platelet increment (PI), platelet recovery rate (PPR), and corrected count increment (CCI). Both immune and non-immune factors can lead to PTR, with immune factors mainly including HLA and HPA antibodies. Prevention and management strategies include the use of leukocyte-reduced platelets, HLA and HPA antigen-matched platelets, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, and immunosuppressive strategies. Although various strategies have been proposed and applied in clinical practice, the prevention and management of immune PTR remain challenging. Future research needs to explore more effective individualized treatment strategies, while also considering the potential application of emerging technologies such as nanotechnology in the field of transfusion.

Ferritin, a ubiquitous protein in living organisms, plays a crucial role in storing and converting iron, as well as maintaining cellular iron metabolism balance. Due to the ability of self-assembling into unique nanocage-like structures in vitro and the special physicochemical properties, ferritin has garnered extensive attention in the biomedical field. This paper provides a brief overview of the structure and cargo loading strategies of ferritin, with a specific focus on its applications in various biological fields such as nanomedicine, bioimaging, and nanoparticle vaccine carriers. The aim is to offer a valuable reference for the future research involving ferritin nanoparticles.
Ferritins/chemistry* ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Humans ; Nanomedicine/methods* ; Animals

The study aims to investigate the impacts of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) on the replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in BHK-21 cells. Firstly, the effects of FMDV replication on POP expression in BHK-21 cells were analyzed by Western blotting and Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Secondly, a eukaryotic expression plasmid for POP was constructed, and the effects of POP overexpression on the replication of two different serotypes of FMDV were assessed by Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and virus titer assays. Thirdly, specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting POP were synthesized, and their efficiency in interfering with endogenous POP expression was identified by RT-qPCR. The impacts of downregulating endogenous POP expression on FMDV replication were further evaluated by Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and virus titer assays. The results indicated that FMDV infection did not significantly affect POP expression in BHK-21 cells. Overexpression of POP dose-dependently enhanced the replication of both FMDV/O and FMDV/A serotypes. Conversely, siRNA-mediated downregulation of endogenous POP expression markedly suppressed FMDV/O replication. This study is the first to demonstrated that the role of the host POP protein in promoting FMDV replication in BHK-21 cells, thereby providing a critical theoretical foundation and potential molecular targets for developing efficient candidate cell strains for foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccines.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics* ; Virus Replication/genetics* ; Prolyl Oligopeptidases ; Serine Endopeptidases/physiology* ; Animals ; Cell Line ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics* ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/virology* ; Cricetinae