Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) on liver injury induced by cholestasis and its mechanisms in regulating bile acid metabolism. Methods:The cholestatic mouse model was established by bile duct ligation (BDL). A total of 35 male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were divided into 5 groups using a random numder table method (7 mice per group): group A (control group), group B (BDL group), group C (BDL+AKK group), group Z (BDL+AKK+Z/E-guggulsterone group), and group G (BDL+AKK+Gly-β-muricholic acid group). Preoperative and postoperative changes in liver function and bile acid metabolism indicators was observed of mice in groups A, B, and C. The liver function and fibrosis markers were compared between groups, as well as serum, liver, and fecal total bile acid levels, fecal bile acid composition, liver histopathology, and the mRNA expression of key proteins involved in the bile acid enterohepatic circulation and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway were compared. Multiple groups of data were compared using analysis of variance or nonparametric Kruskal Wallis H test. Results:Twelve days after BDL, in groups A, B, and C, mice in group C exhibited milder postoperative jaundice and their body weights on postoperative days 4-5 and 7-11 were heavier than those in group B mice (all P<0.05). The liver tissues of mice in group C were milder than those in group B in terms of appearance, histopathology, inflammation and liver fibrosis (all P<0.05). The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the expression levels of liver α-smooth muscle actin and type Ⅰ collagen, and the levels of total liver bile acid and fecal β-murine bile acid in the C group mice were all lower than those of group B mice ((46±20) vs. (90±34) U/L, (96±17) vs.(122±31) U/L, (2.01±0.11)% vs. (7.55±0.21)%, (1.92±0.10)% vs. (7.28±0.51)%, (62±14) vs. (124±39) μmol/mg, 3 052 (1 522, 6 406) vs. 14 756 (6 582, 33 474) ng/g,all P<0.05). And the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and bile salt export pump of the ileum, etc. in group C mice were lower than those in group B mice (all P<0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of FXR and fibroblast growth factor 15 in the intestine were higher than those in group B mice (all P<0.05). In groups B, C, Z, and G, compared with group C, mice in groups Z and G had aggravated liver injury and fibrosis, increased total bile acid levels in the liver, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and expression levels of liver α-smooth muscle activator protein and type I collagen (all P<0.05). There was no statistically difference in the above indicators between group Z and group G (all P<0.05). Conclusion:AKK reduces liver bile acid synthesis, regulates bile acid metabolism, alleviate liver function damage and fibrosis, and improves clinical phenotypes by activating the intestinal FXR-fibroblast growth factor 15 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) on liver injury induced by cholestasis and its mechanisms in regulating bile acid metabolism. Methods:The cholestatic mouse model was established by bile duct ligation (BDL). A total of 35 male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were divided into 5 groups using a random numder table method (7 mice per group): group A (control group), group B (BDL group), group C (BDL+AKK group), group Z (BDL+AKK+Z/E-guggulsterone group), and group G (BDL+AKK+Gly-β-muricholic acid group). Preoperative and postoperative changes in liver function and bile acid metabolism indicators was observed of mice in groups A, B, and C. The liver function and fibrosis markers were compared between groups, as well as serum, liver, and fecal total bile acid levels, fecal bile acid composition, liver histopathology, and the mRNA expression of key proteins involved in the bile acid enterohepatic circulation and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway were compared. Multiple groups of data were compared using analysis of variance or nonparametric Kruskal Wallis H test. Results:Twelve days after BDL, in groups A, B, and C, mice in group C exhibited milder postoperative jaundice and their body weights on postoperative days 4-5 and 7-11 were heavier than those in group B mice (all P<0.05). The liver tissues of mice in group C were milder than those in group B in terms of appearance, histopathology, inflammation and liver fibrosis (all P<0.05). The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the expression levels of liver α-smooth muscle actin and type Ⅰ collagen, and the levels of total liver bile acid and fecal β-murine bile acid in the C group mice were all lower than those of group B mice ((46±20) vs. (90±34) U/L, (96±17) vs.(122±31) U/L, (2.01±0.11)% vs. (7.55±0.21)%, (1.92±0.10)% vs. (7.28±0.51)%, (62±14) vs. (124±39) μmol/mg, 3 052 (1 522, 6 406) vs. 14 756 (6 582, 33 474) ng/g,all P<0.05). And the mRNA expression levels of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and bile salt export pump of the ileum, etc. in group C mice were lower than those in group B mice (all P<0.05), while the mRNA expression levels of FXR and fibroblast growth factor 15 in the intestine were higher than those in group B mice (all P<0.05). In groups B, C, Z, and G, compared with group C, mice in groups Z and G had aggravated liver injury and fibrosis, increased total bile acid levels in the liver, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and expression levels of liver α-smooth muscle activator protein and type I collagen (all P<0.05). There was no statistically difference in the above indicators between group Z and group G (all P<0.05). Conclusion:AKK reduces liver bile acid synthesis, regulates bile acid metabolism, alleviate liver function damage and fibrosis, and improves clinical phenotypes by activating the intestinal FXR-fibroblast growth factor 15 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo improve the quality and service performance of community visual health services in Shanghai, and to establish a set of reasonable and effective evaluation index system for community visual health services. MethodsCentered on the national and Shanghai-based visual health policies and based on the current status and development trends of community visual health service program in Shanghai, the candidate indicators were formed through literature review and expert interviews, firstly. The framework of an evaluation index system was formulated through qualitative research successively, which was further revised and perfected using the Delphi method. Coefficient weights were calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), culminating in the establishment of the community visual health evaluation index system, lastly. ResultsA total of 22 visual health experts from district-level center for disease control, hospital ophthalmology and leaders in charging of visual health service in community health centers participated in the Delphi questionnaire survey, with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100% and an expert authority coefficient of 0.86, indicating high credibility. After a round of correspondence to experts’ importance ratings and discussions, a comprehensive evaluation index system comprising 3 primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators, and 47 tertiary indicators, along with 5 additional indicators, was finalized. ConclusionAn index system tailored to effective evaluation for community visual health initiatives was drawn up in this study, which can promote the capacity building in community eye health services, facilitating the high-quality development of visual health courses, and enhancing residents’ eye health.

Circadian rhythm is a biological endogenous process regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which transmits light signals to peripheral clocks and synchronizes the body with the external environment through balanced expression of circadian rhythm genes. Working the night shift, sleep disorders, and exposure to artificial light can lead to disturbances in circadian rhythm and genetic imbalances. A substantial body of research has demonstrated that circadian rhythm plays a significant role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, with increasing attention being directed toward their impact on oral health. Disturbances in circadian rhythm primarily affect psycho-neuro-immune mechanisms, oxidative stress responses, and oral microflora through pathways such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, and BMAL1-nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) interactions. These disruptions may influence the progression of oral diseases. Certain pharmacological agents (e.g., melatonin, vitamin D, nobiletin, and propofol) have been shown to regulate mood disorders, immune function, and sleep-wake cycles by upregulating BMAL1 expression, thus alleviating disturbances in circadian rhythm. In addition, non-pharmacological interventions, such as sleep management strategies, psychotherapy approaches, and light therapy, also modulate these processes through HPA axis regulation. Currently, the specific mechanisms by which circadian rhythm regulates BDNF levels, T cell subsets, and inflammatory signals—thereby influencing both pathogenesis and treatment outcomes for oral diseases—remain unclear. Future research should focus on elucidating these molecular mechanisms as well as identifying therapeutic targets related to circadian rhythm within the oral health context. Further, multidisciplinary collaboration encompassing pharmacy, sleep behavior studies, and psychology will be instrumental in advancing prevention strategies and treatments for oral diseases.

Objective:To identify and validate secreted effector proteins of Chlamydia psittaci ( C. psittaci) through bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification, and to characterize their subcellular localization in host cells. Methods:Potential effector proteins were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Candidate effectors were fused to β-lactamase through the constructed expression vectors, and these vectors were transformed into C. psittaci. The secretion of these candidate effectors was evaluated by β-lactamase translocation assays. Eukaryotic expression vectors of confirmed effectors were transfected into host cells to determine their intracellular localization patterns. Results:Bioinformatic analysis identified 29 candidate effector proteins. Experimental validation confirmed the secretion of five effectors, with four exhibiting cytoplasmic localization and one displaying nuclear localization in host cells.Conclusion:This study characterizes five novel C. psittaci secreted effector proteins, providing critical insights for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of psittacosis.

Objective:To understand the related factors of new-type drugs use and high-risk behaviors in online-dating men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong Province, and provide evidence for the development of targeted HIV prevention and intervention strategies.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2023 in eight sentinel surveillance sites across cities in Shandong, recruiting MSM participants. Each city enrolled a sample of 400 individuals. Face-to-face questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, drug use and sexual behaviors, risk perception, and online-dating practices of the MSM, and χ2 test was used to compare the differences between online-dating MSM who used new-type drugs and those who didn't use. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of group sex behavior and the lack of HIV detection before sexual behavior in the online-dating MSM. Statistical analysis was performed by using software SPSS 29.0. Results:A total of 3 235 MSM were surveyed, in whom 2 787 (86.15%) used online-dating platforms to find partners in the past six months. The majority were those who were aged 25-34 years (39.18%, 1 092/2 787), unmarried/divorced/widowed (71.51%, 1 993/2 787), had an education level of college or above (69.36%, 1 933/2 787), and primarily identified as homosexual gays (77.97%, 2 173/2 787), 37.78% (1 053/2 787) believed that they were at low risk for HIV infection and 10.88% (303/2 786) believed that using new-type drugs was less harmful and 57.59% (1 605/2 787) reported new-type drugs use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that MSM who used new-type drugs had higher risk for group sex in the past six months (a OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.06-1.63) and sexual activity without pre-HIV testing (a OR=1.57, 95% CI:1.14-2.15) compared with those who didn't use new-type drugs.MSM who believed that the risk of using new-type drugs was general, higher and very high had higher risks for group sex in the past six months (a OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.09-2.18) and sexual activity withou pre-HIV testing (a OR=2.02, 95% CI:1.34-3.05) compared with those who believed using new-type drugs was less harmful. Conclusions:The use of new-type drugs was relatively common in the online-dating MSM in Shandong, with widespread high-risk behaviors and poor awareness of risks to health. A gap between knowledge awareness and behavior exists. It is necessary to strengthen the health education and promotion of HIV informed dating practices in MSM.

Objective To explore the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty(IU)and moderating role of the negative emotion differentiation in the influence of perceived stress on anxiety among college students from a cognitive perspective.Methods A total of 271 participants were surveyed using the perceived stress scale,intolerance of uncertainty scale,depression anxiety and stress scale(Chinese version),and the test on negative emotional differentiation.SPSS 22.0 was used to perform descriptive statistics and correlation analyses and to test the moderated mediation model.Results Perceived stress affected anxiety and IU played a mediating role-perceived stress could affect anxiety through influencing IU.At the same time,the influence of IU on anxiety could be adjusted through the negative emotion differentiation.The higher the degree of negative emotion differentiation,the lower the degree of anxiety increase(β=0.17,t=5.70,P＜0.01).Conclusion It may be effective to develop training programs to reduce anxiety by regulating perceived stress,increasing acceptance of uncertainty,and improving the negative emotion differentiation,which can help individuals reduce anxiety by perceiving and adjusting anxiety-related emotional or cognitive factors in a timely manner.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the plasma-entering components of the ethanol extract of Yu-Ping-Feng-San by ultra-per-formance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)technology,so as to pro-vide a reference for the study of the pharmacological substances of Yu-Ping-Feng-San.METHODS Male BALB/c mice were ga-vaged with the ethanol extract of Yu-Ping-Feng-San(6.5 g·kg-1),and plasma samples were collected before administration(0 h)and 1,2,4,6,8,and 12 h after administration.The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology was used to analyze and identify the components absorbed into the plasma.RESULTS A total of 73 chemical components in the ethanol extract of Yu-Ping-Feng-San were identi-fied,and 26 plasma-entering components were identified in all plasma samples.Among the plasma-entering components,11 compo-nents were from Saposhnikoviae Radix,and 15 components were from Radix Astragali.CONCLUSION The chemical components and plasma-entering components of the ethanol extract of Yu-Ping-Feng-San were analyzed comprehensively,which provides a reference for further clarifying the pharmacological substance basis and mechanism of action of Yu-Ping-Feng-San.

Infectious diseases of the respiratory system are very common in clinical practice,among which pneumonia caused by in-fluenza virus infection is characterized by high morbidity and mortality.Current clinical treatments for respiratory viral infections still face challenges such as drug resistance and poor efficacy.Necroptosis,a form of programmed cell death,is closely associated with the progression of respiratory viral infections.Traditional Chinese medicine modulating necroptosis has demonstrated beneficial therapeu-tic effects in these diseases.This paper introduces the concept and mechanisms of necroptosis,reviews recent research on the relation-ship between necroptosis and respiratory virus infections diseases,and summarizes the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medi-cine in regulating necroptosis to intervene in these diseases,aiming to provide insights for the development and clinical application of therapeutic agents for respiratory viral infections.

Objective:To understand the related factors of new-type drugs use and high-risk behaviors in online-dating men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong Province, and provide evidence for the development of targeted HIV prevention and intervention strategies.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2023 in eight sentinel surveillance sites across cities in Shandong, recruiting MSM participants. Each city enrolled a sample of 400 individuals. Face-to-face questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, drug use and sexual behaviors, risk perception, and online-dating practices of the MSM, and χ2 test was used to compare the differences between online-dating MSM who used new-type drugs and those who didn't use. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of group sex behavior and the lack of HIV detection before sexual behavior in the online-dating MSM. Statistical analysis was performed by using software SPSS 29.0. Results:A total of 3 235 MSM were surveyed, in whom 2 787 (86.15%) used online-dating platforms to find partners in the past six months. The majority were those who were aged 25-34 years (39.18%, 1 092/2 787), unmarried/divorced/widowed (71.51%, 1 993/2 787), had an education level of college or above (69.36%, 1 933/2 787), and primarily identified as homosexual gays (77.97%, 2 173/2 787), 37.78% (1 053/2 787) believed that they were at low risk for HIV infection and 10.88% (303/2 786) believed that using new-type drugs was less harmful and 57.59% (1 605/2 787) reported new-type drugs use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that MSM who used new-type drugs had higher risk for group sex in the past six months (a OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.06-1.63) and sexual activity without pre-HIV testing (a OR=1.57, 95% CI:1.14-2.15) compared with those who didn't use new-type drugs.MSM who believed that the risk of using new-type drugs was general, higher and very high had higher risks for group sex in the past six months (a OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.09-2.18) and sexual activity withou pre-HIV testing (a OR=2.02, 95% CI:1.34-3.05) compared with those who believed using new-type drugs was less harmful. Conclusions:The use of new-type drugs was relatively common in the online-dating MSM in Shandong, with widespread high-risk behaviors and poor awareness of risks to health. A gap between knowledge awareness and behavior exists. It is necessary to strengthen the health education and promotion of HIV informed dating practices in MSM.